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Bajek-Bil A, Chmiel M, Włoch A, Stompor-Gorący M. Baicalin-Current Trends in Detection Methods and Health-Promoting Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040570. [PMID: 37111327 PMCID: PMC10146343 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (7-D-glucuronic acid-5,6-dihydroxyflavone) belongs to natural flavonoids extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, the plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been proven that baicalin has various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-apoptotic ones. However, it is essential not only to determine the medical usefulness of baicalin, but also to find and develop the most effective methods for its extraction and detection. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current methods of detection and identification of baicalin and to present the medical applications of baicalin and the underlying mechanisms of its action. Based on the review of the latest literature, it can be concluded that liquid chromatography alone or together with mass spectrometry is the most commonly used method for the determination of baicalin. Recently, also new electrochemical methods have been established, e.g., biosensors with fluorescence, which have better detection limits, sensitivity, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bajek-Bil
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marcelina Chmiel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Włoch
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Wang X, Li S, Wang Y, Hu R. HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS-Based Screening and Analysis of the Multiple Absorbed Bioactive Components in Rat Serum after Oral Administration of Xiexin Tang. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190314130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Xiexin Tang (XXT) is a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula
that has been used in herbal clinics for more than 1800 years. Recently, many studies have investigated
the pharmacological effects and chemical composition of XXT. However, there is little information
about systematic studies on the material basis of its efficacy. In the present study, the serum pharmacochemistry
technique and HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS were performed to screen and analyze the multiple
absorbed bioactive components and metabolites of orally dosed XXT in rat serum.
Methods:
Bio-samples and herbal extracts were analyzed and detected by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS.
Upon comparison of the chromatograms of the single-constituent decoctions with that of the XXT formulation,
the peak quantity and peak intensity of the formulated decoction showed some variation from
those of the single-constituent decoctions.
Results:
Twenty-one serum-adsorbed constituents were identified after intragastric administration of
herbal extracts, of which 8 originated from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RRR), 5 from Coptidis Rhizoma
(CR), and 8 from Scutellariae Radix (SR). The results showed that the main adsorbed constituents in the
serum were anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, and butyrophenones, alkaloids, and flavonoids.
Conclusion:
The results demonstrate that an effective and reliable analytical method is set up for
screening the bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine, which provided a meaningful basis for
further pharmacology and active mechanism research of XXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Shujiao Li
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang 712046, China
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Ancuceanu R, Dinu M, Dinu-Pirvu C, Anuţa V, Negulescu V. Pharmacokinetics of B-Ring Unsubstituted Flavones. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E370. [PMID: 31374885 PMCID: PMC6723510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B-ring unsubstituted flavones (of which the most widely known are chrysin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A) are 2-phenylchromen-4-one molecules of which the B-ring is devoid of any hydroxy, methoxy, or other substituent. They may be found naturally in a number of herbal products used for therapeutic purposes, and several have been designed by researchers and obtained in the laboratory. They have generated interest in the scientific community for their potential use in a variety of pathologies, and understanding their pharmacokinetics is important for a grasp of their optimal use. Based on a comprehensive survey of the relevant literature, this paper examines their absorption (with deglycosylation as a preliminary step) and their fate in the body, from metabolism to excretion. Differences among species (inter-individual) and within the same species (intra-individual) variability have been examined based on the available data, and finally, knowledge gaps and directions of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Dinu-Pirvu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Valentina Anuţa
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Vlad Negulescu
- Department of Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Bioavailability of Bioactive Compounds from Ginkgo Leaf Extracts. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070132. [PMID: 31284440 PMCID: PMC6680440 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo leaf extract (GLE) is a popular herbal medicine and dietary supplement for the treatment of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. GLE contains a variety of secondary plant metabolites, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, as active components. Some of these phytochemicals have been known to be metabolized by gut microbial enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of the main constituents of GLE using antibacterial-treated mice. The bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin pharmacokinetic profiles of orally administered GLE (600 mg/kg), with or without ciprofloxacin pretreatment (150 mg/kg/day for 3 days), were determined. In the antibacterial-treated mice, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of isorhamnetin were significantly (p < 0.05) increased when compared with the control group. The Cmax and AUC of kaempferol and quercetin (other flavonol glycosides) were slightly higher than those of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, while both parameters for terpenoids of GLE showed no significant difference between the antibacterial-treated and control groups. These results showed that antibacterial consumption may increase the bioavailability of isorhamnetin by suppressing gut microbial metabolic activities.
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Wang L, Zhang D, Wang N, Li S, Tan HY, Feng Y. Polyphenols of Chinese skullcap roots: from chemical profiles to anticancer effects. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25518-25532. [PMID: 35530094 PMCID: PMC9070317 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to identify the principle bioactive constituents of Chinese herbs and to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind their anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing City
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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Shi P, Lin X, Yao H. A comprehensive review of recent studies on pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (2014–2017) and perspectives. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 50:161-192. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1417424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, Bee Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Xu R, Wang Q, Wang X. Simultaneous determination of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, scutellarin, berberine, coptisine, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Re of Banxia xiexin decoction in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Juan Xiao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Ranchi Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Qiangli Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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Song JZ, Li LJ, Ji L, Shun L, Rui Y. The pharmacokinetics of Tiangou antihypertensive capsule in rat in vivo. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:113-119. [PMID: 28123719 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of complex prescription on the pharmacokinetics of baicalin, rhynochophylline and gastrodin in Tiangou antihypertensive capsule. After administration, rat plasma was collected at different time-points. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the content of baicalin, rhynochophylline and gastrodin in plasma. Two peaks occurred in the baicalin concentration-time curve. No significant difference was found for the peak concentration time (tmax) and area under concentration-time curve (AUC) of baicalin between the complex prescription and baicalin groups. The peak concentration (Cmax) of baicalin in the complex prescription group was significantly decreased, while no significant difference was found for the absorption factor (Ka) and AUC of baicalin between the complex prescription and gastrodin groups. The elimination factor (Ke) of gastrodin in the complex prescription group was significantly decreased, while the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of gastrodin was significantly increased. No significant difference was found for AUC of baicalin between the complex prescription and rhynochophylline groups. Levels of Ka and Ke of rhynochophylline were lower in the complex prescription group while Vd was higher. Thus, complex prescription made plasma concentration-time curve more smooth. By contrast, the Tiangou antihypertensive capsule improved the distribution of baicalin, rhynochophylline and gastrodin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zheng Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Li Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Li Shun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Yan Rui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
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Wei Y, Pi C, Yang G, Xiong X, Lan Y, Yang H, Zhou Y, Ye Y, Zou Y, Zheng W, Zhao L. LC-UV Determination of Baicalin in Rabbit Plasma and Tissues for Application in Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution Studies of Baicalin after Intravenous Administration of Liposomal and Injectable Formulations. Molecules 2016; 21:444. [PMID: 27104507 PMCID: PMC6273141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and sensitive LC-UV method to investigate the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution pattern of baicalin in rabbits was established and validated. Baicalin and the internal standard, rutin, were extracted from biosamples using acetonitrile as protein precipitation after pretreated with ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.5; 1 M) to obtain a pure chromatographic peak and high extraction recovery. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse-phase C18 column with a gradient elution at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV absorption was set at 278 nm. Chromatographic response was linear over the ranges of 0.05–10.00 μg/mL in plasma and 0.05–300.00 μg/g in tissues with the limits of quantification of 50.0 ng/mL in plasma and tissues, and the limit of detection of baicalin in bio-samples of 15 ng/mL. The RSD of intra-and inter-day for the biosamples were from 4.19% to 10.84% and from 4.37% to 10.93%, respectively. The accuracy of plasma and tissue samples ranged from 81.6% to 95.2% and 80.8% to 98.4%, respectively. The extraction recoveries ranged from 81.5% to 88.3% for plasma, from 73.1% to 93.2% for tissues, respectively. Baicalin was stable in rabbit biosamples. The validated method was successfully applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of baicalin after intravenous administration of liposomal and injectable formulations to rabbits. Compared to baicalin injection, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution behavior of baicalin was altered significantly in rabbits treated with its liposomes and drug concentration in the lungs was greatly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 3-319, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Chao Pi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 3-319, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, No. 3-319, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Xiaoming Xiong
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yongshu Lan
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Hongru Yang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 3-319, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 3-319, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yonggen Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, No. 16, Chunhui Road, Longma Tan District, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Wenwu Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 3-319, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China.
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