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Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Walker D, Ionescu CM, Shah U, Stojanovic G, Kojic S, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Alginate-based drug oral targeting using bio-micro/nano encapsulation technologies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1361-1376. [PMID: 32597249 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1789587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral delivery is the most common administrated drug delivery path. However, oral administration of lipophilic drugs has some limitations: they have poor dose-response due to low and varied dissolution kinetics and oral bioavailability with sub-optimal dissolution within the aqueous gastrointestinal microenvironment. Therefore, there is a need for robust formulating methods that protect the drug until it reaches to its optimum absorption site, allowing its optimum pharmacological effects via increasing its intestinal permeation and bioavailability. AREA COVERED Herein, we provide insights on orally administered lipophilic drug delivery systems. The detailed description of the obstacles associated with the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs are also discussed. Following this, techniques to overcome these obstacles with much emphasis on optimal safety and efficacy are addressed. Newly designed ionic vibrational jet flow encapsulation technology has enormous growth in lipophilic drug delivery systems, which is discussed thereafter. EXPERT OPINION Researchers have shown interest in drug's encapsulation. A combination of drug-bile acid and microencapsulation methods can be one promising strategy to improve the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. However, the most critical aspect of this approach is the selection of bile acids, polymer, and encapsulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susbin Raj Wagle
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Walker
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Umar Shah
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University , Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kojic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Feltrin C, Farias IV, Sandjo LP, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO. Effects of Standardized Medicinal Plant Extracts on Drug Metabolism Mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2408-2419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Feltrin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Vicente Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Giri P, Naidu S, Patel N, Patel H, Srinivas NR. Evaluation of In Vitro Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and In Vitro Fate of Structurally Diverse N-Oxide Metabolites: Case Studies with Clozapine, Levofloxacin, Roflumilast, Voriconazole and Zopiclone. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 42:677-688. [PMID: 27853934 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The role of metabolite(s) to elicit potential clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) via cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) is gaining momentum. In this context, the role of N-oxides for in vitro CYP inhibition has not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were: (a) to examine in vitro CYP inhibition of N-oxides of clozapine, levofloxacin, roflumilast, voriconazole and zopiclone in a tiered approach and (b) evaluate in vitro fate of aforementioned N-oxides examined in recombinant CYPs, human microsomes and hepatocytes. METHODS CYP enzymes evaluated in the work included: CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 using standard procedures for incubation with appropriate probe substrates. The initial cutoff for CYP inhibition was ≥50% using 2 and 10 µM concentrations of various N-oxide metabolites (Tier 1). IC50 values were constructed for the CYP pathway(s) that showed ≥50% inhibition (Tier 2). In addition, co-incubation of N-oxides with parent was performed to evaluate potentiation of CYP inhibition (Tier 3). RESULTS N-oxides of clozapine (CYP2B6/2C19) and voriconazole (CYP2C9/3A4) showed CYP inhibition ≥50%. Clozapine-N-oxide inhibited CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 pathways with IC50 of 8.3 and 8.7 µM, respectively. Voriconazole-N-oxide inhibited CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 pathways with IC50 of 10.5 and 11.2 µM, respectively. Co-incubation of clozapine-N-oxide with clozapine potentiated CYP2B6/2C19 pathways; however, incubation of voriconazole-N-oxide with voriconazole did not appear to potentiate the CYP pathways because parent caused an inhibition of almost 80%. None of the N-oxides appeared to further undergo biotransformation as judged by the in vitro metabolic fate experiments (stage 2). CONCLUSIONS Clinical DDI potential of specific CYP enzymes needs to be considered arising due to circulatory concentrations of certain N-oxides depending on the dose size and/or frequency of dosing of the respective parent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Giri
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, 382210, Gujarat, India
| | - Sneha Naidu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, 382210, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirmal Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, 382210, Gujarat, India
| | - Harilal Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, 382210, Gujarat, India
| | - Nuggehally R Srinivas
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, 382210, Gujarat, India.
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Comparison between thaw-mounting and use of conductive tape for sample preparation in ToF-SIMS imaging of lipids in Drosophila microRNA-14 model. Biointerphases 2018; 13:03B414. [PMID: 29602282 DOI: 10.1116/1.5019597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging elucidates molecular distributions in tissue sections, providing useful information about the metabolic pathways linked to diseases. However, delocalization of the analytes and inadequate tissue adherence during sample preparation are among some of the unfortunate phenomena associated with this technique due to their role in the reduction of the quality, reliability, and spatial resolution of the ToF-SIMS images. For these reasons, ToF-SIMS imaging requires a more rigorous sample preparation method in order to preserve the natural state of the tissues. The traditional thaw-mounting method is particularly vulnerable to altered distributions of the analytes due to thermal effects, as well as to tissue shrinkage. In the present study, the authors made comparisons of different tissue mounting methods, including the thaw-mounting method. The authors used conductive tape as the tissue-mounting material on the substrate because it does not require heat from the finger for the tissue section to adhere to the substrate and can reduce charge accumulation during data acquisition. With the conductive-tape sampling method, they were able to acquire reproducible tissue sections and high-quality images without redistribution of the molecules. Also, the authors were successful in preserving the natural states and chemical distributions of the different components of fat metabolites such as diacylglycerol and fatty acids by using the tape-supported sampling in microRNA-14 (miR-14) deleted Drosophila models. The method highlighted here shows an improvement in the accuracy of mass spectrometric imaging of tissue samples.
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Menendez D, Michel J. Hemopericardium with tamponade following rivaroxaban administration and its attenuation by CYP3A4 inhibitors. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2017; 29:414-415. [PMID: 27695181 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2016.11929492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel oral anticoagulants including the factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban are important alternatives to warfarin for the prevention of thromboembolic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The pharmacology and metabolism of these agents differ from those of the vitamin K antagonists used over the decades preceding their introduction. We present a case of spontaneous hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade following administration of rivaroxaban. A review of the patient's medications revealed a total of seven agents known to be metabolized through cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), the major pathway for rivaroxaban metabolism. While most physicians are familiar with recommendations to monitor renal function in patients prescribed rivaroxaban, we suspect that many fail to evaluate possible interactions with other agents having CYP3A4 inhibitory or inducer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Menendez
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor Scott & White Health Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas (Menendez, Michel); and Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Michel
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor Scott & White Health Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas (Menendez, Michel); and Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
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Mikov M, Đanić M, Pavlović N, Stanimirov B, Goločorbin-Kon S, Stankov K, Al-Salami H. The Role of Drug Metabolites in the Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 42:881-890. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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