Serum metabolic changes in rats after intragastric administration of dextromethorphan

Metabolic Changes in Hyperlipidemic Rats After The Administration of Xuezhikang

Background:

Xuezhikang capsule, which contains cholesterol synthase inhibitors and a large number of natural statins, is put in the clinical application of lipid-lowering and so on. However, the specific use of dose, lipid-lowering effect and the relationship between metabolites are to be further studied.

Introduction:

Metabonomics is the study of the relationship between the change of quantity and physiological changes from metabolites. At present metabolomics has been widely used in drug development and testing. In this study, we developed a metabolomic method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to find out hyperlipemia-related substances, and study the lipid-lowering mechanism of Xuezhikang.

Method:

Fifty SD rats (220 ± 20 g) were given high-fat diet. After four-weeks modeling, they were randomly divided into semi-control group, high fat group, simvastatin intervention group and Xuezhikang intervention group (0.23, 0.69, 1.15 mg/kg, low, medium, high), each dosage in eight rats. The control group (rest eight rats) were given normal diet, and no specific treatment. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment.

Result:

The biochemical and body weight indexes of the normal control group and the high fat group were significantly different (P <0.05), which indicated that the model of hyperlipidemia was established success. There was significant difference (P <0.05) between Xuezhikang intervention group and high fat control group (P <0.05), and hyperlipemia metabolomics related markers, oxalic acid, butyric acid, mannitol, glucose, glucuronic acid were found. Glucuronic acid and non-binding bilirubin combined with bilirubin, combined with some of the liver harmful substances, play a detoxification effect.

Conclusion:

The results of metabonomics showed that the high-fat group and the control group have significant differences. Mannose, glucose content is relatively stable, lipid metabolism in high-fat group stearic acid, palmitic acid levels decreased, suggesting that high-fat diet disorders rat body lipid metabolism. It is worth mentioning that the experimental evaluation of rats, such as biochemical indicators and pathological results are prompted to model success, Xuezhikang intervention effect is more significant, consistent with the expected.

Conclusion:

The results of metabonomics showed that the high fat group and the control group were significant difference. Mannose, glucose content is relatively stable, lipid metabolism in high-fat group stearic acid, palmitic acid levels decreased, suggesting that high-fat diet disorders rat body lipid metabolism. It is worth mentioning that the experimental evaluation of rats such as biochemical indicators and pathological results are prompted to model success, Xuezhikang intervention effect is more significant, consistent with the expected.

Metabolic and transcriptional changes in seminal plasma of asthenozoospermia patients

This study was designed to investigate the metabolic and transcriptional alterations in seminal fluid caused by asthenozoospermia (AS). To address these issues, a method of metabonomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to identify some crucial biomarkers and transcription levels of the enzymes in seminal fluid. Seminal fluid samples were collected from 87 AS patients and 73 healthy males with normozoospermia. The quantitative analysis by UPLC-MS/MS showed that 19 metabolites in seminal plasma were associated with AS, and they were involved in several metabolic pathways, such as energy metabolism, purine metabolism, methionine cycle, and branched chain amino acid metabolism. Among these metabolites, the levels of citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and pyruvic acid, which are related to energy metabolism, were collectively reduced in the AS group, whereas the lactic acid level was enhanced. These results indicated that lesser energy source (adenosine triphosphate) was produced through the anaerobic glycolysis pathway rather than via aerobic catabolism of suger and tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in reduced power of sperms. Meanwhile, partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significant differences in metabolic profiles between the AS and control groups. In addition, RT-qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of four genes encoding fructokinase citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and spermine synthase, which were related to energy metabolism, were decreased in the AS group. The 23 descriptors with differential expression in AS may be valuable for the diagnosis and sequential study on AS. These results will help highlight the role of sperm inactivity in AS pathogenesis.