Assessment of brain-to-blood drug distribution using liquid chromatography

Predicting the Brain-To-Plasma Unbound Partition Coefficient of Compounds via Formula-Guided Network

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability plays a crucial role in determining drug efficacy in the brain, with the brain-to-plasma unbound partition coefficient (Kp,uu) recognized as a key parameter of BBB permeability in drug development. However, Kp,uu data are scarce and mostly in-house. In predicting Kp,uu the generality and applicability of existing empirical scoring models remain underexplored. To address this, we established a public rat Kp,uu data set through data mining and developed a formula-guided deep learning model, CMD-FGKpuu, which performed well on multiple benchmark tests, marking good demonstration of the potential of deep learning for Kp,uu prediction. Additionally, the model can be fine-tuning with project-specific experimental data, thus improving its practical utility. The findings offer an effective tool for predicting BBB permeability in drug development and introduce a new perspective for applying few-shot learning in the pharmaceutical field.

Pioneering Human Plasma Detection of Haloperidol With 5-pg/mL Sensitivity via Refined Sample Preparation and Advanced LC-MS/MS

The present study develops, refines, and validates an LC-MS/MS technique to detect haloperidol in human plasma with outstanding sensitivity (5 pg/mL), selectivity, specificity, fast analysis time, and low sample volume to enhance mental treatment regimens. Haloperidol and haloperidol D4 were tested on a Kromasil C18 stationary phase with a 35:65 ratio of 10-mM ammonium trifluoroacetate buffer to acetonitrile. A Strata-X PRO cartridge extracted the analyte and IS with improved sample extraction. ESI with multiple reaction monitoring measured haloperidol (Q1/Q3: 376.1/165.0) and D4 (Q1/Q3: 380.1/169.0). This method has high sensitivity (5.03 pg/mL), extraction efficiency (> 95%), rapid analysis (3 min), and a small sample volume (100 μL). The correction coefficient (r2) > 0.980 linearized the process from 5.03 to 6020.75 pg/mL. Nominal accuracy was 95.40%-102.52%, while intraday precision (% CV) was 0.92%-5.33%. Additionally, interday accuracy ranged from 95.40% to 102.66% and precision from 2.05% to 5.73%. This bioanalytical method for haloperidol detection in human plasma shows great sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity with an LLOQ of 5.03 pg/mL. It improves pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and scale-up bioavailability. Being precise, stable, and adaptable are all advantages in clinical and therapeutic monitoring.

Treating Alzheimer's disease using nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery strategies/systems

The administration of promising medications for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is significantly hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology has recently come to light as a viable strategy for overcoming this obstacle and improving drug delivery to the brain. With a focus on current developments and prospects, this review article examines the use of nanoparticles to overcome the BBB constraints to improve drug therapy for AD The potential for several nanoparticle-based approaches, such as those utilizing lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic nanoparticles, to enhance drug transport across the BBB are highlighted. To shed insight on their involvement in aiding effective drug transport to the brain, methods of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery, such as surface modifications, functionalization, and particular targeting ligands, are also investigated. The article also discusses the most recent findings on innovative medication formulations encapsulated within nanoparticles and the therapeutic effects they have shown in both preclinical and clinical testing. This sector has difficulties and restrictions, such as the need for increased safety, scalability, and translation to clinical applications. However, the major emphasis of this review aims to provide insight and contribute to the knowledge of how nanotechnology can potentially revolutionize the worldwide treatment of NDDs, particularly AD, to enhance clinical outcomes.

The Blood-Brain Barrier and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Optimization of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Infections in Adults

Bacterial central nervous system (CNS) infections are serious and carry significant morbidity and mortality. They encompass many syndromes, the most common being meningitis, which may occur spontaneously or as a consequence of neurosurgical procedures. Many classes of antimicrobials are in clinical use for therapy of CNS infections, some with established roles and indications, others with experimental reporting based on case studies or small series. This review delves into the specifics of the commonly utilized antibacterial agents, updating their therapeutic use in CNS infections from the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives, with a focus on the optimization of dosing and route of administration that have been described to achieve good clinical outcomes. We also provide a concise synopsis regarding the most focused, clinically relevant information as pertains to each class and subclass of antimicrobial therapeutics. CNS infection morbidity and mortality remain high, and aggressive management is critical in ensuring favorable patient outcomes while averting toxicity and upholding patient safety.