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Cheng X, Dai Y, Shang B, Zhang S, Lin L, Wu Q, Zhan R, Li S, Liu S. Danggui Shaoyao San and disassembled prescription: neuroprotective effects via AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:298. [PMID: 39127649 PMCID: PMC11317013 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS), a frequently prescribed Chinese medicine formula, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aims to explore the differences in therapeutic effects of DSS and its disassembled prescriptions, Suangan (SG) and Xingan (XG), in treating Alzheimer's Disease and the mechanism of DSS recovering autophagy in AD. METHODS A network pharmacology strategy was employed to delineate the bioactive constituents, associated targets, and regulatory mechanisms of DSS in AD, encompassing in silico target forecasting, the generation and scrutiny of PPI networks, alongside GO and KEGG-based pathway elucidation. An AD mouse model, induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42, was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of DSS and its disassembled prescriptions on AD. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified via RT-qPCR and ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins related to AD pathological markers and the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. RESULTS 50 active compounds and 718 HUB genes were screened from relevant databases and literature. KEGG and GO analyses indicated that DSS's potential mechanisms against AD involved the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and mitophagy. In vivo animal model, the results demonstrated that DSS, SG, and XG treatments improved cognitive function and ameliorated neuroinflammation in mice. Additionally, they alleviated the pathological changes of neuronal cells. These treatments also increased the protein level of PSD-95, and decreased levels of APP and p-Tau. Among them, DSS exhibited the best efficacy. Furthermore, DSS, SG, and XG upregulated the expression of LC3, Beclin1, and p-AMPK, while decreasing the expression of P62 and p-mTOR. CONCLUSIONS DSS, SG, and XG were found to ameliorate AD-related pathological symptoms in Aβ1-42-injected mice, likely through the AMPK/mTOR autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 232, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiong Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 232, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoling Shang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 232, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Liting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 232, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingguang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 232, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 232, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sijun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 232, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao Y, Zhao M, Wang Z, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Wang M. Danggui Shaoyao San: Chemical characterization and inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation to treat CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116870. [PMID: 37423517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) has effective in treating hepatic ascites and liver disease. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the chemical characterization of DSS and protective effect on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis and its mechanism, especially its anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical characterization of DSS was determined by HPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. And the antioxidant activity of DSS in vitro was determined. The hepatic fibrosis model was established using intragastric administration of 40% CCl4/soybean oil (v/v) twice weekly for 13 weeks. From 6th week, the DSS group and the positive control group were given DSS (2, 4, 8 g/kg/d) and silymarin (50 mg/kg/d), respectively. The livers of rats were examined histologically by H&E. The ALT, AST, ALB and TBIL were determined, and hepatic fibrosis markers (HA, LN, CIV, PIIINP), oxidative stress (SOD, MDA, GST, GSH) and inflammatory factor (IL-6, TNF-α) were tested using ELISA kits. In addition, the levels of TAC, TOS, LOOH and AOPP in the liver were also determined. RESULTS The chemical characterization of DSS was determined by HPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. The results show that DSS mainly includes triterpenoids, monoterpenes, phenols, sesquiterpenes, butyl phthalide, etc., and DSS has good antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, the ALT, AST and TBIL of rats were remarkably reduced after treatment with DSS at three doses. Liver histopathological analysis showed that DSS alleviated the inflammatory infiltration, hepatocyte swelling, necrosis and hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4. DSS significantly decreased HA, IV-C, PIIINP and LN. Further determination showed that DSS significantly increased TAC, OSI and decreased TOC, LOOH and MDA, indicating that DSS could regulate redox balance and reduce lipid peroxidation in vivo. DSS also increased the activity of GST, SOD and GSH concentration. In addition, DSS also reduced IL-6 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we described the chemical characterization of DSS and found that it has good antioxidant activity. We proved that DSS has the functions of reducing oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, protecting liver cells and reducing hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheyong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Wang Y, Pan Y, Hou M, Luo R, He J, Lin F, Xia X, Li P, He C, He P, Cheng S, Song Z. Danggui Shaoyao San ameliorates the lipid metabolism via the PPAR signaling pathway in a Danio rerio (zebrafish) model of hyperlipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115736. [PMID: 37852100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of hyperlipidemia has a profound impact on individuals' daily physiological well-being. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy and promising prospects for clinical application. Leveraging network pharmacology and bioinformatics, we hypothesize that DSS can ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders in hyperlipidemia by modulating the PPAR signaling pathway. In this study, we employed a zebrafish model to investigate the impact of DSS on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia. Body weight alterations were monitored by pre- and postmodeling weight measurements. Behavioral assessments and quantification of liver biochemical markers were conducted using relevant assay kits. Pathways associated with lipid metabolism were identified through network pharmacology and GEO analysis, while PCR was utilized to assess genes linked to lipid metabolism. Western blotting was employed to analyze protein expression levels, and liver tissue underwent Oil Red O and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate liver lipid deposition. Our findings demonstrate that DSS effectively impedes weight gain and reduces liver lipid accumulation in zebrafish models with elevated lipid levels. The therapeutic effects of DSS on lipid metabolism are mediated through its modulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, resulting in a significant reduction in lipid accumulation within the body and alleviation of certain hyperlipidemia-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Mirong Hou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Rongsiqing Luo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Lin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Xia
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Pan He
- Research Institute of Zhong Nan Grain and Oil Foods, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Hunan University of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; National Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Chinese Medicinal Powder & Innovative Medicinal Jointly Established by Province and Ministry, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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Xiong H, Li N, Zhao L, Li Z, Yu Y, Cui X, Liu Q, Zhao C. Integrated Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics, and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Material Basis and Mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao San in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942955. [PMID: 35899122 PMCID: PMC9310033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS), a well-known formula, has been successfully applied in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in China. However, its material basis and mechanism are still unrevealed. This current research aims to reveal the material basis and mechanism of DSS in treating PD by an integrative approach of serum pharmacochemistry, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. The results showed that DSS markedly relieved the physiological and pathological symptoms of PD as confirmed by the improvement of writhing behavior, inhibition of uterine edema, callback of clinical biochemical indexes, and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, a metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of DSS was attributed to the modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and phenylalanine metabolism. Meanwhile, 23 blood ingredients were identified after the oral administration of DSS. By analyzing the correlation coefficient of the identified biomarkers and blood components, active compounds closely associated with core metabolic pathways were extracted. Taking these active compounds as a basis, network pharmacology prediction was executed. It was found that active components of DSS including alisol B,23-acetate, chlorogenic acid, levistilide A, cianidanol, senkyunolide A, atractylenolide II, and sedanolide, were germane to steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid signaling pathway, etc. Interestingly, PTGS2 and PTGS1 related to the arachidonic acid metabolism may be pivotal targets of DSS. The current study proved that the integration of serum pharmacochemistry, metabolomics, and network pharmacology, was a powerful approach to investigate the material basis and the molecular mechanisms of DSS, and provided a solid basis for DSS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiong, ; Chunying Zhao,
| | - Na Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Lanqingqing Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yongzhou Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiong, ; Chunying Zhao,
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