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Wu W, Cheng R, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Huang X. UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate in a hepatic uptake model and its application to the possible drug-drug interaction study of triptolide. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5093. [PMID: 33634891 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and specific UPLC-MS/MS method with a total run time of 3.5 min was developed for the determination of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate in rat primary hepatocytes. After protein precipitation with 70% acetonitrile (containing 30% H2 O), these four analytes were separated under gradient conditions with a mobile phase consisting of 0.03% acetic acid (v/v) and methanol at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min. The linearity, recovery, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, and stability of the method were well validated. We evaluated drug-drug interactions based on these four compounds in freshly suspended hepatocytes. The hepatic uptake of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate at 4°C was significantly lower than that at 37°C, and the hepatocytes were saturable with increased substrate concentration and culture time, suggesting that the rat primary hepatocyte model was successfully established. Triptolide showed a significant inhibitory effect on the hepatic uptake of these four compounds. In conclusion, this method was successfully employed for the quantification of pravastatin, fexofenadine, rosuvastatin, and methotrexate and was used to verify the rat primary hepatocyte model for Oatp1, Oatp2, Oatp4, and Oat2 transporter studies. Then, we applied this model to explore the effect of triptolide on these four transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- New drug screening center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance of Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- New drug screening center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance of Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New drug screening center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- New drug screening center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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A simple and sensitive methodology for voltammetric determination of valproic acid in human blood plasma samples using 3-aminopropyletriethoxy silane coated magnetic nanoparticles modified pencil graphite electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:425-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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3
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Patel M, Kothari C. Critical review of statins: A bio-analytical perspective for therapeutic drug monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zeki AA, Bratt JM, Chang KY, Franzi LM, Ott S, Silveria M, Fiehn O, Last JA, Kenyon NJ. Intratracheal instillation of pravastatin for the treatment of murine allergic asthma: a lung-targeted approach to deliver statins. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/5/e12352. [PMID: 25969462 PMCID: PMC4463814 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatment with statins mitigates allergic airway inflammation, TH2 cytokine production, epithelial mucus production, and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in murine models of asthma. We hypothesized that pravastatin delivered intratracheally would be quantifiable in lung tissues using mass spectrometry, achieve high drug concentrations in the lung with minimal systemic absorption, and mitigate airway inflammation and structural changes induced by ovalbumin. Male BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) over 4 weeks, then exposed to 1% OVA aerosol or filtered air (FA) over 2 weeks. Mice received intratracheal instillations of pravastatin before and after each OVA exposure (30 mg/kg). Ultra performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry was used to quantify plasma, lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) pravastatin concentration. Pravastatin was quantifiable in mouse plasma, lung tissue, and BALF (BALF > lung > plasma for OVA and FA groups). At these concentrations pravastatin inhibited airway goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, and reduced BALF levels of cytokines TNFα and KC, but did not reduce BALF total leukocyte or eosinophil cell counts. While pravastatin did not mitigate AHR, it did inhibit airway hypersensitivity (AHS). In this proof-of-principle study, using novel mass spectrometry methods we show that pravastatin is quantifiable in tissues, achieves high levels in mouse lungs with minimal systemic absorption, and mitigates some pathological features of allergic asthma. Inhaled pravastatin may be beneficial for the treatment of asthma by having direct airway effects independent of a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Statins with greater lipophilicity may achieve better anti-inflammatory effects warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Zeki
- University of California, Davis, California Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine (CCRBM) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jennifer M Bratt
- University of California, Davis, California Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine (CCRBM) University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Lisa M Franzi
- University of California, Davis, California Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine (CCRBM) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sean Ott
- University of California, Davis, California Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine (CCRBM) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Mark Silveria
- U.C. Davis, West Coast Metabolomics Center (WCMC) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- U.C. Davis, West Coast Metabolomics Center (WCMC) University of California, Davis, California King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jerold A Last
- University of California, Davis, California Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine (CCRBM) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- University of California, Davis, California Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, California Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine (CCRBM) University of California, Davis, California
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Al-Badr AA, Mostafa GAE. Pravastatin sodium. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2014; 39:433-513. [PMID: 24794911 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800173-8.00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Pravastatin sodium is an [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitor and is a lipid-regulating drug. This monograph includes the description of the drug: nomenclature, formulae, elemental composition, solubility, appearance, and partition coefficient. The uses and the methods that have been reported for the synthesis of this drug are described. The physical methods that were used to characterize the drug are the X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods, melting point, and differential scanning calorimetry. This chapter also contains the following spectra of the drug: the ultraviolet spectrum, the vibrational spectrum, the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and the mass spectrum. The compendial methods of analysis include the British Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia methods. Other methods of analysis that are included in this profile are spectrophotometric, electrochemical, polarographic, voltammetric and chromatographic, and immunoassay methods. The chapter also contains the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, stability, and articles that reviewed pravastatin sodium manufacturing, characterization, and analysis. One hundred and sixty-two references are listed at the end of this comprehensive profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Al-Badr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Rapid and direct analysis of statins in human plasma by column-switching liquid chromatography with restricted-access material. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 947-948:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A critical review of microextraction by packed sorbent as a sample preparation approach in drug bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1409-42. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is widely accepted as the most labor-intensive and error-prone part of the bioanalytical process. The recent advances in this field have been focused on the miniaturization and integration of sample preparation online with analytical instrumentation, in order to reduce laboratory workload and increase analytical performance. From this perspective, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) has emerged in the last few years as a powerful sample preparation approach suitable to be easily automated with liquid and gas chromatographic systems applied in a variety of bioanalytical areas (pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, environmental and food research). This paper aims to provide an overview and a critical discussion of recent bioanalytical methods reported in literature based on MEPS, with special emphasis on those developed for the quantification of therapeutic drugs and/or metabolites in biological samples. The advantages and some limitations of MEPS, as well as its comparison with other extraction techniques, are also addressed herein.
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Vlčková H, Rabatinová M, Mikšová A, Kolouchová G, Mičuda S, Solich P, Nováková L. Determination of pravastatin and pravastatin lactone in rat plasma and urine using UHPLC-MS/MS and microextraction by packed sorbent. Talanta 2012; 90:22-9. [PMID: 22340111 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reproducible method for the determination of pravastatin and pravastatin lactone in rat plasma and urine by means of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using deuterium labeled internal standards for quantification is reported. Separation of analytes was performed on BEH C(18) analytical column (50 mm × 2.1mm, 1.7 μm), using gradient elution by mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 1mM ammonium acetate at pH 4.0. Run time was 2 min. Quantification of analytes was performed using the SRM (selected reaction monitoring) experiment in ESI negative ion mode for pravastatin and in ESI positive ion mode for pravastatin lactone. Sample treatment consisted of a protein precipitation by ACN and microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) for rat plasma. Simple MEPS procedure was sufficient for rat urine. MEPS was implemented using the C8 sorbent inserted into a microvolume syringe, eVol hand-held automated analytical syringe and a small volume of sample (50 μl). The analytes were eluted by 100 μl of the mixture of acetonitrile: 0.01 M ammonium acetate pH 4.5 (90:10, v:v). The method was validated and demonstrated good linearity in range 5-500 nmol/l (r(2)>0.9990) for plasma and urine samples. Method recovery was ranged within 97-109% for plasma samples and 92-101% for the urine samples. Intra-day precision expressed as the % of RSD was lower than 8% for the plasma samples and lower than 7% for the urine samples. The method was validated with sensitivity reaching LOD 1.5 nmol/l and LOQ 5 nmol/l in plasma and urine samples. The method was applied for the measurement of pharmacokinetic plots of pravastatin and pravastatin lactone in rat plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Vlčková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Vairamani M, Prabhakar S. Mass spectrometry in India. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2012; 18:1-35. [PMID: 22792611 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the mass spectrometry research being performed at academic and established research institutions in India. It consists of three main parts covering the work done in organic, atomic and biological mass spectrometry. The review reveals that the use of mass spectrometry techniques started in the middle of the 20th century and was applied to research in the fields of organic, nuclear, geographical and atomic chemistry. Later, with the advent of soft and atmospheric ionization techniques it has been applied to pharmaceutical and biological research. In due course, several research centers with advanced mass spectrometry facilities have been established for specific areas of research such as gas-phase ion chemistry, ion-molecule reactions, proscribed chemicals, pesticide residues, pharmacokinetics, protein/peptide chemistry, nuclear chemistry, geochronological studies, archeology, petroleum industry, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. Day-by-day the mass spectrometry centers/facilities in India have attracted young students for their doctoral research and other advanced research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vairamani
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Zhu Y, D'Agostino J, Zhang QY. Role of intestinal cytochrome P450 (P450) in modulating the bioavailability of oral lovastatin: insights from studies on the intestinal epithelium-specific P450 reductase knockout mouse. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:939-43. [PMID: 21349922 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extents to which small intestinal (SI) cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes control the bioavailability of oral drugs are not well defined, particularly for drugs that are substrates for both P450 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In this study, we have determined the role of SI P450 in the clearance of orally administered lovastatin (LVS), an anti-hypercholesterolemia drug, using an intestinal epithelium (IE)-specific P450 reductase knockout (IE-Cpr-null) mouse model. In the IE-Cpr-null mouse, which has little P450 activities in the IE, the oral bioavailability of LVS was substantially higher than that in wild-type (WT) mice (15 and 5%, respectively). In control experiments, the clearance rates were not different between the two strains, either for intraperitoneally dosed LVS, which bypasses SI metabolism, or for orally administered pravastatin, which is known to be poorly metabolized by P450. Thus, our results demonstrate a predominant role of SI P450 enzymes in the first-pass clearance of oral LVS. The absence of IE P450 activities in the IE-Cpr-null mice also facilitated the identification of the molecular targets for orally administered grapefruit juice (GFJ), which is known to inhibit LVS clearance in humans. We found that pretreatment of mice with oral GFJ enhanced the systemic exposure of LVS in WT, but not in IE-Cpr-null mice, a result suggesting that the main target of GFJ action in the small intestine is P450, but not P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA
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Sparidans RW, Iusuf D, Schinkel AH, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for pravastatin and two isomeric metabolites in mouse plasma and tissue homogenates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2751-9. [PMID: 20829130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical assay for pravastatin and two isomeric metabolites, 3'α-isopravastatin and 6'-epipravastatin, was developed and validated. Mouse plasma and tissue homogenates from liver, kidney, brain and heart were pre-treated using protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing deuterated internal standards of the analytes. The extract was diluted with water and injected into the chromatographic system. This system consisted of a polar embedded octadecyl silica column using isocratic elution with formic acid in a water-acetonitrile mixture. The eluate was transferred to an electrospray interface using negative ionization and the analytes were detected and quantified with the selected reaction monitoring mode of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The assay was successfully validated in a 3.4-7100ng/ml concentration range for pravastatin, 1.3-2200ng/ml for 3'α-isopravastatin and 0.5-215ng/ml for 6'-epipravastatin using only plasma for calibration. For plasma samples, subjected to full validation, within and between day precisions were 1-7% (9-18% at the LLQ level) and accuracies were between 91% and 103%. For tissue homogenates, subjected to partial validation, within and between day precisions were 2-12% (6-19% at the LLQ level) and accuracies were between 87% and 113% (81 and 113% at the LLQ level). Drug and metabolites were shown to be chemically stable under most relevant analytical conditions. Finally, the assay was successfully applied for a pilot study in mice. After intravenous administration of the drug, all isomeric compounds were found in plasma; however, in liver and kidney homogenate only the parent drug showed levels exceeding the LLQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf W Sparidans
- Universiteit Utrecht, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Division of Drug Toxicology, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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OuYang XK, Chen XH, Yan YQ, Jin MC. Characterization and determination of chlorophacinone in plasma by ion chromatography coupled with ion trap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:524-30. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang X, Wang Y. On-line extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for quantitation of pravastatin and its metabolite in human serum. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:719-26. [PMID: 18442050 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput bioanalytical method for simultaneous quantitation of pravastatin and its metabolite (M1) in human serum was developed and validated using on-line extraction following liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The on-line extraction was accomplished by the direct injection of a 50 microL serum sample, mixed 4:1 with an aqueous internal standard solution, into one of the extraction columns with aqueous 1 mm formic acid at flow rate of 3 mL/min. The separation and analysis were achieved by back-eluting the analytes from the extraction column and the analytical column to the mass spectrometer with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 62% aqueous 1 mm formic acid and 38% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The second extraction column was being equilibrated while the first column was being used for analysis, and vice versa. The standard curve range was 0.500-100 ng/mL for pravastatin and M1. The lower limit of quantitation, 0.500 ng/mL for all the analytes, was achieved when 50 microL of human serum was used. The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 7.4%, and the accuracy was between 95 and 103%. The on-line extraction was finished in 0.5 min and total analysis time was 2.5 min per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong 250014, People's Republic of China.
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Jin Y, Xue XY, Zhang FF, Zhang J, Shi H, Xiao YS, Ke YX, Liang XM. Rapid prediction and optimization of concentration conditions for preparative fractions by solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:615-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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