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Sun N, Chao J, Liu X, Li H, Jia D, Zhang D, Xie L, Zhou Y, Lang W, Shui Y, Zhu Q. Determination of Methamphetamine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Odor-Adsorbent Material Used for Training Drug-Detection Animals. Molecules 2024; 29:1091. [PMID: 38474600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present report was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, and selective analytical method for the determination of methamphetamine in an odor-adsorbent material (gauze) which was used to improve and standardize the training method used for drug-detection animals. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed using a Spherisorb ODS2 C18 column (200 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase consisting of a 0.25% methanol/triethylamine aqueous solution (V:V = 20:80), the pH of which was adjusted to 3.1 using glacial acetic acid, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 °C, and the detection of the analytes was performed at a wavelength of 260 nm. Methamphetamine showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999) in the range of 4.2~83.2 mg/mL. The stability of the test material was good over 24 h. The precision of the method was good, with an average spiked recovery of 86.2% and an RSD of 2.9%. The methamphetamine content in the gauze sample was determined to be 7.8 ± 2.2 μg/sample. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was optimized and validated for the determination of methamphetamine in adsorbent materials (gauze). Validation data in terms of specificity, linearity, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification, reproducibility, precision, stability, and recovery indicated that the method is suitable for the routine analysis of methamphetamine in adsorbent materials (gauze) and provided a basis for training drug-detection animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Police Dog Technical College, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China
| | - Jingjing Chao
- Police Dog Technical College, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavioral Cognition, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Hao Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavioral Cognition, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Dongshun Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavioral Cognition, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavioral Cognition, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Liuwei Xie
- Police Dog Technical College, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China
| | - Yuanting Zhou
- Police Dog Technical College, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China
- Police Dog Team, Criminal Investigation Corps, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Wenxuan Lang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavioral Cognition, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Yingyi Shui
- Information Network Security College, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qiwen Zhu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavioral Cognition, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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Anzar N, Suleman S, Singh Y, Parvez S, Khanuja M, Pilloton R, Narang J. Wearable Electrochemical Glove-Based Analytical Device (eGAD) for the Detection of Methamphetamine Employing Silver Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:934. [PMID: 37887127 PMCID: PMC10605403 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Illicit drug misuse has become a widespread issue that requires continuous drug monitoring and diagnosis. Wearable electrochemical drug detection devices possess the potential to function as potent screening instruments in the possession of law enforcement personnel, aiding in the fight against drug trafficking and facilitating forensic investigations conducted on site. These wearable sensors are promising alternatives to traditional detection methods. In this study, we present a novel wearable electrochemical glove-based analytical device (eGAD) designed especially for detecting the club drug, methamphetamine. To develop this sensor, we immobilized meth aptamer onto silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-modified electrodes that were printed onto latex gloves. The characteristics of AgNPs, including their shape, size and purity were analysed using FTIR, SEM and UV vis spectrometry, confirming the successful synthesis. The developed sensor shows a 0.1 µg/mL limit of detection and 0.3 µg/mL limit of quantification with a linear concentration range of about 0.01-5 µg/mL and recovery percentages of approximately 102 and 103%, respectively. To demonstrate its applicability, we tested the developed wearable sensor by spiking various alcoholic and non-alcoholic drink samples. We found that the sensor remains effective for 60 days, making it a practical option with a reasonable shelf-life. The developed sensor offers several advantages, including its affordability, ease of handling and high sensitivity and selectivity. Its portable nature makes it an ideal tool for rapid detection of METH in beverages too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Anzar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India; (N.A.); (S.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shariq Suleman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India; (N.A.); (S.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yashda Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India; (N.A.); (S.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Manika Khanuja
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Roberto Pilloton
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR-IC), 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India; (N.A.); (S.S.); (Y.S.)
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Kerry GL, Ross KE, Wright JL, Walker GS. A Review of Methods Used to Detect Methamphetamine from Indoor Air and Textiles in Confined Spaces. TOXICS 2022; 10:710. [PMID: 36422918 PMCID: PMC9695000 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine manufacture, use, and the resulting contamination is a significant issue that affects public health, the environment, and the economy. Third-hand exposure to methamphetamine can result in adverse health risks for individuals and first responders. Such exposures can result from the inhalation of airborne residues or from contact with contaminated objects. This review was conducted to determine the current methods used for methamphetamine extraction from indoor air and porous fabric materials. Dynamic solid phase microextraction (SPME) and sorbent sampling tubes have been applied to extract airborne methamphetamine residues from contaminated properties. SPME and solvent extraction have been applied to sample clothing and textiles for methamphetamine detection. This review demonstrates that there is limited literature on the detection of methamphetamine from indoor air and clothing. Supplementary and consistent methods to detect methamphetamine from air and porous surfaces should be developed and published to allow better assessment of the environmental risk to public health caused by third-hand exposure to methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L. Kerry
- Physical and Molecular Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Kirstin E. Ross
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Jackie L. Wright
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Environmental Risk Sciences Pty Ltd., Carlingford Court, P.O. Box 2537, Sydney 2118, Australia
| | - G. Stewart Walker
- Physical and Molecular Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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Dutkiewicz EP, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Probing Skin for Metabolites and Topical Drugs with Hydrogel Micropatches. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2664-2670. [PMID: 28192981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sampling the skin surface is a convenient way to obtain biological specimens bearing clinically relevant information. Hydrogel micropatches enable noninvasive collection of skin excretion specimens, which can subsequently be subjected to rapid mass spectrometric analysis providing insights into the skin metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina P Dutkiewicz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch , 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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5
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Nakashima K. Development and Application of High-sensitive Determination Methods for Bio-related Compounds. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:1119-30. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ali EMA, Edwards HGM, Scowen IJ. Rapid in situ detection of street samples of drugs of abuse on textile substrates using microRaman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 80:2-7. [PMID: 21144797 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Trace amounts of street samples of cocaine hydrochloride and N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDMA) on natural and synthetic textiles were successfully detected in situ using confocal Raman microscopy. The presence of some excipient bands in the spectra of the drugs did not prevent the unambiguous identification of the drugs. Raman spectra of the drugs were readily obtained without significant interference from the fibre substrates. Interfering bands arising from the fibre natural or synthetic polymer structure and/or dye molecules did not overlap with the characteristic Raman bands of the drugs. If needed, interfering bands could be successfully removed by spectral subtraction. Also, Raman spectra could be acquired from drug particles trapped between the fibres of highly fluorescent textile specimens. The total acquisition time of the spectra of the drug particles was 90 s accomplished non-destructively and without detachment from their substrates. Sample preparation was not required and spectra of the drugs could be obtained non-invasively preserving the integrity of the evidential material for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam M A Ali
- Division of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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Nakashima K. Development and Application of Sensitive Methods with Luminescence Detections for Determination of Biologically Active Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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NAKASHIMA K, IKEDA R, WADA M. Analytical Studies on the Development of High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods with Fluorescence or Chemiluminescence Detections and Their Practical Applications. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:21-31. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro NAKASHIMA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Rie IKEDA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Mitsuhiro WADA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Han B, Du Y, Wang E. Simultaneous determination of pethidine and methadone by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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In-situ detection of drugs-of-abuse on clothing using confocal Raman microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 615:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang C, Fan G, Lin M, Chen Y, Zhao W, Wu Y. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of d-amphetamine and diphenhydramine in beagle dog plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:48-56. [PMID: 17452029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new drug, quick-acting anti-motion capsule (QAAMC) composed of d-amphetamine sulfate, dimenhydrinate and ginger extraction has been studied for anti-motion-sickness use. We have developed a sensitive, specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the quantitative determination of d-amphetamine and diphenhydramine, the main effective components of the QAAMC, using pseudoephedrine as the internal standard. The analytes and internal standard were isolated from 200 microL plasma samples by a simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Reverse-phase HPLC separation was accomplished on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (100 mm x 3.0 mm, 3.5 microm) with a mobile phase composed of methanol-water-formic acid (65:35:0.5, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The method had a chromatographic total run time of 5 min. A Varian 1200 L electrospray tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source was operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with the precursor-to-product ion transitions m/z 136.0-->91.0 (D-amphetamine), 256.0-->167.0 (diphenhydramine) and 166.1-->148.0 (IS) used for quantitation. The method was sensitive with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.5 ng/mL for d-amphetamine and 1 ng/mL for diphenhydramine, with good linearity in the range 0.5-200 ng/mL for D-amphetamine and 1-500 ng/mL for diphenhydramine (r(2)> or =0.9990). All the validation data, such as accuracy, precision, and inter-day repeatability, were within the required limits. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the QAAMC in beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Lin M, Fan G, Zhao W, Wu Y. Fast CE Determination of d-Amphetamine and Diphenhydramine in Quick-Acting Anti-Motion Capsules. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Nakashima K. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Biologic Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.51.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakashima
- Division of Analytical Research for Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Nakashima K, Kaddoumi A, Ishida Y, Itoh T, Taki K. Determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in abusers' plasma and hair samples with HPLC-FL. Biomed Chromatogr 2004; 17:471-6. [PMID: 14598332 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes highly sensitive HPLC methods for the determination of amphetamine (AP) and methamphetamine (MP) in abusers' plasma and hair samples. AP and MP were derivatized with the fluorescent reagent, DIB-Cl, to yield a highly fluorescent DIB-derivatives of AP and MP, which were then analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 325 and 430 nm, respectively. The separation was achieved on an ODS column with isocratic mobile phases composed of acetoniltrile and citrate buffer (55:45, v/v) for plasma samples and of acetonitrile-methanol-citrate buffer (45:20:37.5, v/v/v) for hair samples. The limits of detection were less than 0.87 ng/mL and 0.12 ng/mg in plasma and hair samples, respectively, for both AP and MP. The methods were then applied to the determination of MP and its metabolite AP in plasma obtained from two cases of illegally ingested MP and in one of the cases' hair received later. Case I was treated with dialysis; samples before and after dialysis were analyzed by the described method. After dialysis for 5 h, the total plasma levels of AP and MP decreased from 720 to 190 ng/mL. For case II, MP and AP levels were monitored for 3 days after digestion. Total plasma levels decreased from 57 ng/mL in the day of digestion to 11 ng/mL after 3 days. In hair samples, AP and MP could also be detected in very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Brettell
- Forensic Science Laboratory Bureau, New Jersey State Police, Box 7068, West Trenton, New Jersey 08628-0068, USA
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Abstract
Lophine (2,4,5-triphenylimidazole) derivatives as versatile analytical tools in biomedical sciences are described. Chemiluminescence (CL) and fluorescence (FL) properties of the lophine derivatives are first demonstrated including the CL reaction mechanism, effects of substituents on CL yields, FL spectral behaviors, etc. Next, analytical applications to the determination of metal ions such as cobalt (II) and chromium (VI) are discussed. Finally, the application studies of lophine derivatives as CL and FL reagents for the determination of organic substances in biological materials are presented. Among the derivatives, 2-(4-hydrazinocarbonylphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole (HCPI) and 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) are studied, with their excellent properties as labeling reagents for fatty acids and amines and/or phenols, respectively, in high-performance liquid chromatography. The utility of boronic acid derivatives as CL enhancers is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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