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Mandorino M, Maitra A, Armenise D, Baldelli OM, Miciaccia M, Ferorelli S, Perrone MG, Scilimati A. Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma H3K27-Altered: From Developmental Origins to Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1814. [PMID: 38791893 PMCID: PMC11120159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), now referred to as diffuse midline glioma (DMG), is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer primarily affecting children aged 4 to 9 years old. Despite the research and clinical trials conducted to identify a possible treatment for DIPG, no effective drug is currently available. These tumors often affect deep midline brain structures in young children, suggesting a connection to early brain development's epigenetic regulation targets, possibly affecting neural progenitor functions and differentiation. The H3K27M mutation is a known DIPG trigger, but the exact mechanisms beyond epigenetic regulation remain unclear. After thoroughly examining the available literature, we found that over 85% of DIPG tumors contain a somatic missense mutation, K27M, in genes encoding histone H3.3 and H3.1, leading to abnormal gene expression that drives tumor growth and spread. This mutation impacts crucial brain development processes, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, and may explain differences between H3K27M and non-K27M pediatric gliomas. Effects on stem cells show increased proliferation and disrupted differentiation. The genomic organization of H3 gene family members in the developing brain has revealed variations in their expression patterns. All these observations suggest a need for global efforts to understand developmental origins and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Scilimati
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (D.A.); (O.M.B.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (M.G.P.)
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Wang Y, Kim B, Gong S, Park J, Zhu M, Wong EM, Park AY, Chernoff J, Guo F. Control of OPC proliferation and repopulation by the intellectual disability gene PAK1 under homeostatic and demyelinating conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591153. [PMID: 38746444 PMCID: PMC11092442 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate proliferation and repopulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) determine successful (re)myelination in homeostatic and demyelinating brains. Activating mutations in p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) cause intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental abnormality, and white matter anomaly in children. It remains unclear if and how PAK1 regulates oligodendroglial development. Here, we report that PAK1 controls proliferation and regeneration of OPCs. Unlike differentiating oligodendrocytes, OPCs display high PAK1 activity which maintains them in a proliferative state by modulating PDGFRa-mediated mitogenic signaling. PAK1-deficient or kinase-inhibited OPCs reduce their proliferation capacity and population expansion. Mice carrying OPC-specific PAK1 deletion or kinase inhibition are populated with fewer OPCs in the homeostatic and demyelinated CNS than control mice. Together, our findings suggest that kinase-activating PAK1 mutations stall OPCs in a progenitor state, impacting timely oligodendroglial differentiation in the CNS of affected children and that PAK1 is a potential molecular target for replenishing OPCs in demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Shuaishuai Gong
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Meina Zhu
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Evelyn M. Wong
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Audrey Y. Park
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
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Cao G, Sun C, Shen H, Qu D, Shen C, Lu H. Conditional Deletion of Foxg1 Delayed Myelination during Early Postnatal Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13921. [PMID: 37762220 PMCID: PMC10530892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXG1 (forkhead box G1) syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by variants in the Foxg1 gene that affect brain structure and function. Individuals affected by FOXG1 syndrome frequently exhibit delayed myelination in neuroimaging studies, which may impair the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. To date, the specific effects of FOXG1 on oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination during early postnatal development remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of Foxg1 deficiency on myelin development in the mouse brain by conditional deletion of Foxg1 in neural progenitors using NestinCreER;Foxg1fl/fl mice and tamoxifen induction at postnatal day 0 (P0). We found that Foxg1 deficiency resulted in a transient delay in myelination, evidenced by decreased myelin formation within the first two weeks after birth, but ultimately recovered to the control levels by P30. We also found that Foxg1 deletion prevented the timely attenuation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) signaling and reduced the cell cycle exit of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), leading to their excessive proliferation and delayed maturation. Additionally, Foxg1 deletion increased the expression of Hes5, a myelin formation inhibitor, as well as Olig2 and Sox10, two promoters of OPC differentiation. Our results reveal the important role of Foxg1 in myelin development and provide new clues for further exploring the pathological mechanisms of FOXG1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Congli Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Hualin Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Dewei Qu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Chuanlu Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Haiqin Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Delikkaya B. Differential Early Mechanistic Frontal Lobe Responses to Choline Chloride and Soy Isoflavones in an Experimental Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7595. [PMID: 37108779 PMCID: PMC10145811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the most common preventable cause of neurodevelopmental defects, and white matter is a major target of ethanol neurotoxicity. Therapeutic interventions with choline or dietary soy could potentially supplement public health preventive measures. However, since soy contains abundant choline, it would be important to know if its benefits are mediated by choline or isoflavones. We compared early mechanistic responses to choline and the Daidzein+Genistein (D+G) soy isoflavones in an FASD model using frontal lobe tissue to assess oligodendrocyte function and Akt-mTOR signaling. Long Evans rat pups were binge administered 2 g/Kg of ethanol or saline (control) on postnatal days P3 and P5. P7 frontal lobe slice cultures were treated with vehicle (Veh), Choline chloride (Chol; 75 µM), or D+G (1 µM each) for 72 h without further ethanol exposures. The expression levels of myelin oligodendrocyte proteins and stress-related molecules were measured by duplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and mTOR signaling proteins and phosphoproteins were assessed using 11-plex magnetic bead-based ELISAs. Ethanol's main short-term effects in Veh-treated cultures were to increase GFAP and relative PTEN phosphorylation and reduce Akt phosphorylation. Chol and D+G significantly modulated the expression of oligodendrocyte myelin proteins and mediators of insulin/IGF-1-Akt-mTOR signaling in both control and ethanol-exposed cultures. In general, the responses were more robust with D+G; the main exception was that RPS6 phosphorylation was significantly increased by Chol and not D+G. The findings suggest that dietary soy, with the benefits of providing complete nutrition together with Choline, could be used to help optimize neurodevelopment in humans at risk for FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Molina-Gonzalez I, Miron VE, Antel JP. Chronic oligodendrocyte injury in central nervous system pathologies. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1274. [PMID: 36402839 PMCID: PMC9675815 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, the membrane surrounding neuronal axons, is critical for central nervous system (CNS) function. Injury to myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OL) in chronic neurological diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis) ranges from sublethal to lethal, leading to OL dysfunction and myelin pathology, and consequent deleterious impacts on axonal health that drive clinical impairments. This is regulated by intrinsic factors such as heterogeneity and age, and extrinsic cellular and molecular interactions. Here, we discuss the responses of OLs to injury, and perspectives for therapeutic targeting. We put forward that targeting mature OL health in neurological disease is a promising therapeutic strategy to support CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-Gonzalez
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK
| | - Veronique E. Miron
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.415502.7Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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Deng Y, Song H, Xiao Y, Zhao Y, Chu L, Ding J, Shen X, Qi X. High-Throughput Sequencing to Investigate lncRNA-circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Networks Underlying the Effects of Beta-Amyloid Peptide and Senescence on Astrocytes. Front Genet 2022; 13:868856. [PMID: 35646066 PMCID: PMC9133720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.868856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are widely distributed in the central nervous system and play an essential role in the function of neuronal cells. Associations between astrocytes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been noted, and recent work has implicated circular RNA (circRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the development of AD. However, few reports have investigated which lncRNA and circRNA are involved in the influence of amyloid beta (Aβ) and senescence on astrocytes. This study therefore examines changes at the transcriptome level to explore the effects of Aβ and senescence on astrocytes. Primary cultured astrocytes were treated with Aβ and cultured for 90 days in vitro, and high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed RNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were associated with the focal adhesion signaling pathway, extracellular matrix receptor signaling pathway, and the extracellular matrix. The protein–protein interaction network was then constructed, and 103 hub genes were screened out; most of these were strongly associated with the expression of the extracellular matrix, extracellular matrix receptor signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Two competing endogenous RNA networks were constructed based on the selected hub gene and differential RNAs, and we identified multiple competing endogenous RNA regulatory axes that were involved in the effects of Aβ and senescence on astrocytes. This is the first study to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of Aβ and senescence on primary astrocytes from the perspective of the whole transcriptome. In uncovering the signaling pathways and biological processes involved in the effects of Aβ and senescence on astrocytes, this work provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of AD at the level of competing endogenous RNA network regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liangzao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiuyang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangchun Shen, ; Xiaolan Qi,
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangchun Shen, ; Xiaolan Qi,
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Cardona HJ, Somasundaram A, Crabtree DM, Gadd SL, Becher OJ. Prenatal overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor A results in central nervous system hypomyelination. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2332. [PMID: 34480532 PMCID: PMC8553322 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, through the ligand PDGF-A and its receptor PDGFRA, is important for the growth and maintenance of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). PDGFRA signaling is downregulated prior to OPC differentiation into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. By contrast, PDGFRA is often genetically amplified or mutated in many types of gliomas, including diffuse midline glioma (DMG) where OPCs are considered the most likely cell-of-origin. The cellular and molecular changes that occur in OPCs in response to unregulated PDGFRA expression, however, are not known. METHODS Here, we created a conditional knock-in (KI) mouse that overexpresses wild type (WT) human PDGFRA (hPDGFRA) in prenatal Olig2-expressing progenitors, and examined in vivo cellular and molecular consequences. RESULTS The KI mice exhibited stunted growth, ataxia, and a severe loss of myelination in the brain and spinal cord. When combined with the loss of p53, a tumor suppressor gene whose activity is decreased in DMG, the KI mice failed to develop tumors but still exhibited hypomyelination. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed decreased myelination gene signatures, indicating a defect in oligodendroglial development. Mice overexpressing PDGFRA in prenatal GFAP-expressing progenitors, which give rise to a broader lineage of cells than Olig2-progenitors, also developed myelination defects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that embryonic overexpression of hPDGFRA in Olig2- or GFAP-progenitors is deleterious to OPC development and leads to CNS hypomyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herminio Joey Cardona
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Agila Somasundaram
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donna M Crabtree
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Office of Clinical Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samantha L Gadd
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Oren J Becher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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