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Kristanto D, Burkhardt M, Thiel C, Debener S, Gießing C, Hildebrandt A. The multiverse of data preprocessing and analysis in graph-based fMRI: A systematic literature review of analytical choices fed into a decision support tool for informed analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105846. [PMID: 39117132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The large number of different analytical choices used by researchers is partly responsible for the challenge of replication in neuroimaging studies. For an exhaustive robustness analysis, knowledge of the full space of analytical options is essential. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify the analytical decisions in functional neuroimaging data preprocessing and analysis in the emerging field of cognitive network neuroscience. We found 61 different steps, with 17 of them having debatable parameter choices. Scrubbing, global signal regression, and spatial smoothing are among the controversial steps. There is no standardized order in which different steps are applied, and the parameter settings within several steps vary widely across studies. By aggregating the pipelines across studies, we propose three taxonomic levels to categorize analytical choices: 1) inclusion or exclusion of specific steps, 2) parameter tuning within steps, and 3) distinct sequencing of steps. We have developed a decision support application with high educational value called METEOR to facilitate access to the data in order to design well-informed robustness (multiverse) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kristanto
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
| | - Micha Burkhardt
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Christiane Thiel
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Gießing
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany.
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Wang B, Yuan Y, Yang L, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Yan W, Li Y, Li D, Xiang J, Yang J, Liu M. Multi-hierarchy Network Configuration Can Predict Brain States and Performance. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1695-1714. [PMID: 38579269 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The brain is a hierarchical modular organization that varies across functional states. Network configuration can better reveal network organization patterns. However, the multi-hierarchy network configuration remains unknown. Here, we propose an eigenmodal decomposition approach to detect modules at multi-hierarchy, which can identify higher-layer potential submodules and is consistent with the brain hierarchical structure. We defined three metrics: node configuration matrix, combinability, and separability. Node configuration matrix represents network configuration changes between layers. Separability reflects network configuration from global to local, whereas combinability shows network configuration from local to global. First, we created a random network to verify the feasibility of the method. Results show that separability of real networks is larger than that of random networks, whereas combinability is smaller than random networks. Then, we analyzed a large data set incorporating fMRI data from resting and seven distinct tasking conditions. Experiment results demonstrates the high similarity in node configuration matrices for different task conditions, whereas the tasking states have less separability and greater combinability between modules compared with the resting state. Furthermore, the ability of brain network configuration can predict brain states and cognition performance. Crucially, derived from tasks are highlighted with greater power than resting, showing that task-induced attributes have a greater ability to reveal individual differences. Together, our study provides novel perspectives for analyzing the organization structure of complex brain networks at multi-hierarchy, gives new insights to further unravel the working mechanisms of the brain, and adds new evidence for tasking states to better characterize and predict behavioral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology
| | | | - Lan Yang
- Taiyuan University of Technology
| | | | - Xi Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Technology
| | | | | | - Ying Li
- Taiyuan University of Technology
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Karpychev V, Malyutina S, Zhuravleva A, Bronov O, Kuzin V, Marinets A, Dragoy O. Disruptions in modular structure and network integration of language-related network predict language performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: Evidence from graph-based analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 147:109407. [PMID: 37688840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a network disorder that alters the total organization of the language-related network. Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) aimed at functional connectivity is a direct method to investigate how the network is reorganized. However, such studies are scarce and represented mostly by the resting-state analysis of the individual connections between regions. To fill this gap, we used a graph-based analysis, which allows us to cover the total language-related network changes, such as disruptions in an integration/segregation balance, during a language task in TLE. METHODS We collected task-based fMRI data with sentence completion from 19 healthy controls and 28 people with left TLE. Using graph-based analysis, we estimated how the language-related network segregated into modules and tested whether they differed between groups. We evaluated the total network integration and the integration within modules. To assess intermodular integration, we considered the number and location of connector hubs-regions with high connectivity. RESULTS The language-related network was differently segregated during language processing in the groups. While healthy controls showed a module consisting of left perisylvian regions, people with TLE exhibited a bilateral module formed by the anterior language-related areas and a module in the left temporal lobe, reflecting hyperconnectivity within the epileptic focus. As a consequence of this reorganization, there was a statistical tendency that the dominance of the intramodular integration over the total network integration was greater in TLE, which predicted language performance. The increase in the number of connector hubs in the right hemisphere, in turn, was compensatory in TLE. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides insights into the reorganization of the language-related network in TLE, revealing specific network changes in segregation and integration. It confirms reduced global connectivity and compensation across the healthy hemisphere, commonly observed in epilepsy. These findings advance the understanding of the network-based reorganizational processes underlying language processing in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Karpychev
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana Malyutina
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Zhuravleva
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Bronov
- National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasiliy Kuzin
- National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Marinets
- National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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4
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Skipper JI. A voice without a mouth no more: The neurobiology of language and consciousness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104772. [PMID: 35835286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most research on the neurobiology of language ignores consciousness and vice versa. Here, language, with an emphasis on inner speech, is hypothesised to generate and sustain self-awareness, i.e., higher-order consciousness. Converging evidence supporting this hypothesis is reviewed. To account for these findings, a 'HOLISTIC' model of neurobiology of language, inner speech, and consciousness is proposed. It involves a 'core' set of inner speech production regions that initiate the experience of feeling and hearing words. These take on affective qualities, deriving from activation of associated sensory, motor, and emotional representations, involving a largely unconscious dynamic 'periphery', distributed throughout the whole brain. Responding to those words forms the basis for sustained network activity, involving 'default mode' activation and prefrontal and thalamic/brainstem selection of contextually relevant responses. Evidence for the model is reviewed, supporting neuroimaging meta-analyses conducted, and comparisons with other theories of consciousness made. The HOLISTIC model constitutes a more parsimonious and complete account of the 'neural correlates of consciousness' that has implications for a mechanistic account of mental health and wellbeing.
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Ganesan S, Lv J, Zalesky A. Multi-timepoint pattern analysis: Influence of personality and behavior on decoding context-dependent brain connectivity dynamics. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1403-1418. [PMID: 34859934 PMCID: PMC8837593 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral traits are rarely considered in task‐evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, yet these traits can affect how an individual engages with the task, and thus lead to heterogeneity in task‐evoked brain responses. We aimed to investigate whether interindividual variation in behavior associates with the accuracy of predicting task‐evoked changes in the dynamics of functional brain connectivity measured with functional MRI. We developed a novel method called multi‐timepoint pattern analysis (MTPA), in which binary logistic regression classifiers were trained to distinguish rest from each of 7 tasks (i.e., social cognition, working memory, language, relational, motor, gambling, emotion) based on functional connectivity dynamics measured in 1,000 healthy adults. We found that connectivity dynamics for multiple pairs of large‐scale networks enabled individual classification between task and rest with accuracies exceeding 70%, with the most discriminatory connections relatively unique to each task. Crucially, interindividual variation in classification accuracy significantly associated with several behavioral, cognition and task performance measures. Classification between task and rest was generally more accurate for individuals with higher intelligence and task performance. Additionally, for some of the tasks, classification accuracy improved with lower perceived stress, lower aggression, higher alertness, and greater endurance. We conclude that heterogeneous dynamic adaptations of functional brain networks to changing cognitive demands can be reliably captured as linearly separable patterns by MTPA. Future studies should account for interindividual variation in behavior when investigating context‐dependent dynamic functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saampras Ganesan
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jinglei Lv
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Task effects on functional connectivity measures after stroke. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:575-590. [PMID: 34860257 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of task compared to rest on detecting stroke-related network abnormalities will inform efforts to optimize detection of such abnormalities. The goal of this work was to determine whether connectivity measures obtained during an overt task are more effective than connectivity obtained during a "resting" state for detecting stroke-related changes in network function of the brain. This study examined working memory, discrete pedaling, continuous pedaling and language tasks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine regional and inter-regional brain network function in 14 stroke and 16 control participants. Independent component analysis was used to identify 149 regions of interest (ROI). Using the inter-regional connectivity measurements, the weighted sum was calculated across only regions associated with a given task. Both inter-regional connectivity and regional connectivity were greater during each of the tasks as compared to the resting state. The working memory and discrete pedaling tasks allowed for detection of stroke-related decreases in inter-regional connectivity, while the continuous pedaling and language tasks allowed for detection of stroke-related enhancements in regional connectivity. These observations illustrate that task-based functional connectivity allows for detection of stroke-related changes not seen during resting states. In addition, this work provides evidence that tasks emphasizing different cognitive domains reveal different aspects of stroke-related reorganization. We also illustrate that within the motor domain, different tasks can reveal inter-regional or regional stroke-related changes, in this case suggesting that discrete pedaling required more central drive than continuous pedaling.
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Do TTN, Wang YK, Lin CT. Increase in Brain Effective Connectivity in Multitasking but not in a High-Fatigue State. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2020.2990898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Banjac S, Roger E, Pichat C, Cousin E, Mosca C, Lamalle L, Krainik A, Kahane P, Baciu M. Reconfiguration dynamics of a language-and-memory network in healthy participants and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102702. [PMID: 34090125 PMCID: PMC8186554 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Current theoretical frameworks suggest that human behaviors are based on strong and complex interactions between cognitive processes such as those underlying language and memory functions in normal and neurological populations. We were interested in assessing the dynamic cerebral substrate of such interaction between language and declarative memory, as the composite function, in healthy controls (HC, N = 19) and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE, N = 16). Our assumption was that the language and declarative memory integration is based on a language-and-memory network (LMN) that is dynamic and reconfigures according to task demands and brain status. Therefore, we explored two types of LMN dynamics, a state reconfiguration (intrinsic resting-state compared to extrinsic state assessed with a sentence recall task) and a reorganization of state reconfiguration (TLE compared to HC). The dynamics was evaluated in terms of segregation (community or module detection) and integration (connector hubs). In HC, the level of segregation was the same in both states and the mechanism of LMN state reconfiguration was shown through module change of key language and declarative memory regions with integrative roles. In TLE patients, the reorganization of LMN state reconfiguration was reflected in segregation increase and extrinsic modules that were based on shorter-distance connections. While lateral and mesial temporal regions enabled state reconfiguration in HC, these regions showed reduced flexibility in TLE. We discuss our results in a connectomic perspective and propose a dynamic model of language and declarative memory functioning. We claim that complex and interactive cognitive functions, such as language and declarative memory, should be investigated dynamically, considering the interaction between cognitive networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Banjac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Elise Roger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Pichat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Cousin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chrystèle Mosca
- Neurology Department, Grenoble Hospital, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Lamalle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Krainik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Neurology Department, Grenoble Hospital, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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9
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Thompson K, Nahmias E, Fani N, Kvaran T, Turner J, Tone E. The Prisoner's Dilemma paradigm provides a neurobiological framework for the social decision cascade. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248006. [PMID: 33735226 PMCID: PMC7971531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To function during social interactions, we must be able to consider and coordinate our actions with other people's perspectives. This process unfolds from decision-making, to anticipation of that decision's consequences, to feedback about those consequences, in what can be described as a "cascade" of three phases. The iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (iPD) task, an economic-exchange game used to illustrate how people achieve stable cooperation over repeated interactions, provides a framework for examining this "social decision cascade". In the present study, we examined neural activity associated with the three phases of the cascade, which can be isolated during iPD game rounds. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 31 adult participants made a) decisions about whether to cooperate with a co-player for a monetary reward, b) anticipated the co-player's decision, and then c) learned the co-player's decision. Across all three phases, participants recruited the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), regions implicated in numerous facets of social reasoning such as perspective-taking and the judgement of intentions. Additionally, a common distributed neural network underlies both decision-making and feedback appraisal; however, differences were identified in the magnitude of recruitment between both phases. Furthermore, there was limited evidence that anticipation following the decision to defect evoked a neural signature that is distinct from the signature of anticipation following the decision to cooperate. This study is the first to delineate the neural substrates of the entire social decision cascade in the context of the iPD game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eddy Nahmias
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Trevor Kvaran
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erin Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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10
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Wang Y, Ao Y, Yang Q, Liu Y, Ouyang Y, Jing X, Pang Y, Cui Q, Chen H. Spatial variability of low frequency brain signal differentiates brain states. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242330. [PMID: 33180843 PMCID: PMC7660497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal variability of the neural signal has been demonstrated to be closely related to healthy brain function. Meanwhile, the evolving brain functions are supported by dynamic relationships among brain regions. We hypothesized that the spatial variability of brain signal might provide important information about brain function. Here we used the spatial sample entropy (SSE) to investigate the spatial variability of neuroimaging signal during a steady-state presented face detection task. Lower SSE was found during task state than during resting state, associating with more repetitive functional interactions between brain regions. The standard deviation (SD) of SSE during the task was negatively related to the SD of reaction time, suggesting that the spatial pattern of neural activity is reorganized according to particular cognitive function and supporting the previous theory that greater variability is associated with better task performance. These results were replicated with reordered data, implying the reliability of SSE in measuring the spatial organization of neural activity. Overall, the present study extends the research scope of brain signal variability from the temporal dimension to the spatial dimension, improving our understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of brain activities and the theory of brain signal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (HC)
| | - Yujia Ao
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujuan Jing
- Tianfu College of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Pang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (HC)
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11
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Fitzsimmons SMDD, Douw L, van den Heuvel OA, van der Werf YD, Vriend C. Resting-state and task-based centrality of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predict resilience to 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3161-3171. [PMID: 32395892 PMCID: PMC7336158 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used to investigate normal brain function in healthy participants and as a treatment for brain disorders. Various subject factors can influence individual response to rTMS, including brain network properties. A previous study by our group showed that “virtually lesioning” the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; important for cognitive flexibility) using 1 Hz rTMS reduced performance on a set‐shifting task. We aimed to determine whether this behavioural response was related to topological features of pre‐TMS resting‐state and task‐based functional networks. 1 Hz (inhibitory) rTMS was applied to the left dlPFC in 16 healthy participants, and to the vertex in 17 participants as a control condition. Participants performed a set‐shifting task during fMRI at baseline and directly after a single rTMS session 1–2 weeks later. Functional network topology measures were calculated from resting‐state and task‐based fMRI scans using graph theoretical analysis. The dlPFC‐stimulated group, but not the vertex group, showed reduced setshifting performance after rTMS, associated with lower task‐based betweenness centrality (BC) of the dlPFC at baseline (p = .030) and a smaller reduction in task‐based BC after rTMS (p = .024). Reduced repeat trial accuracy after rTMS was associated with higher baseline resting state node strength of the dlPFC (p = .017). Our results suggest that behavioural response to 1 Hz rTMS to the dlPFC is dependent on baseline functional network features. Individuals with more globally integrated stimulated regions show greater resilience to rTMS effects, while individuals with more locally well‐connected regions show greater vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M D D Fitzsimmons
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Douw
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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van Loenhoud AC, Habeck C, van der Flier WM, Ossenkoppele R, Stern Y. Identifying a task-invariant cognitive reserve network using task potency. Neuroimage 2020; 210:116593. [PMID: 32007499 PMCID: PMC7895480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) is thought to protect against the consequence of age- or disease-related structural brain changes across multiple cognitive domains. The neural basis of CR may therefore comprise a functional network that is actively involved in many different cognitive processes. To investigate the existence of such a "task-invariant" CR network, we measured functional connectivity in a cognitively normal sample between 20 and 80 years old (N = 265), both at rest and during the performance of 11 separate tasks that aim to capture four latent cognitive abilities (i.e. vocabulary, episodic memory, processing speed, and fluid reasoning). For each individual, we determined the change in functional connectivity from the resting state to each task state, which is referred to as "task potency" (Chauvin et al., 2018, 2019). Task potency was calculated for each pair among 264 nodes (Power et al., 2012) and then summarized across tasks reflecting the same cognitive ability. Subsequently, we established the correlation between task potency and IQ or education (i.e. CR factors). We identified a set of 57 pairs in which task potency showed significant correlations with IQ, but not education, across all four cognitive abilities. These pairs were included in a principal component analysis, from which we extracted the first component to obtain a latent variable reflecting task potency in this task-invariant CR network. This task potency variable was associated with better episodic memory (β = 0.19, p < .01) and fluid reasoning performance (β = 0.17, p < .01) above and beyond the effects of cortical thickness (range [absolute] β = 0.28-0.32, p < .001). Our identification of this task-invariant network contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying CR, which may facilitate the development of CR-enhancing treatments. Our work also offers a useful alternative operational measure of CR for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C van Loenhoud
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - C Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - W M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, UMC, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Huang X, Yang X, Yang Q, Wang X, Northoff G, Pang Y, Wang C, Cui Q, Chen H. Low Frequency Phase-locking of Brain Signals Contribute to Efficient Face Recognition. Neuroscience 2019; 422:172-183. [PMID: 31704494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low frequency phase synchronization is an essential mechanism of information communication among brain regions. In the infra-slow frequency range (<0.1 Hz), inter-regional phase lag is of importance for brain function (e.g., anti-phase between the default mode network and task positive network). However, the role of phase lag in cognitive processing remains unclear. Based on the frequency tagging experimental paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, we investigated inter-regional phase lag and phase coherence using a face recognition task (n = 30, 15 males/15 females). Phase coherence within the face processing system was significantly increased during task state, highlighting the importance of regular inter-regional phase relationship for face recognition. Moreover, results showed decreased phase lag within the core and extended face areas (face processing system) and increased phase lag between the face processing system and frontoparietal network, indicating a reorganization of inter-regional relationships of the two systems. Inter-regional phase lag was modulated by the task at ascending and descending phases of the fMRI signal, suggesting a phase-dependent inter-regional relationship. Furthermore, phase lags between visual cortex and amygdala and between visual cortex and motor area were positively related to reaction time, indicating better task performance depends on both rapid emotional detection pathway and visual-motor pathway. Overall, inter-regional phase synchronization in the infra-slow frequency range is of important for effective information communication and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Xinju Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Yajing Pang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chong Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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14
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Palacio N, Cardenas F. A systematic review of brain functional connectivity patterns involved in episodic and semantic memory. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:889-902. [PMID: 31323012 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of functional connectivity and declarative memory has lately been focused on finding biomarkers of neuropsychological diseases. However, little is known about its patterns in healthy brains. Thus, in this systematic review we analyze and integrate the findings of 81 publications regarding functional connectivity (measured by fMRI during both task and resting-state) and semantic and episodic memory in healthy adults. Moreover, we discriminate and analyze the main areas and links found in specific memory phases (encoding, storage or retrieval) based on several criteria, such as time length, depth of processing, rewarding value of the information, vividness and amount or kind of details retrieved. There is a certain degree of overlap between the networks of episodic and semantic memory and between the encoding and retrieval stages. Although several differences are pointed out during the article, this calls to attention the need for further empirical studies that actively compare both types of memory, particularly using other baseline conditions apart from the traditional resting state. Indeed, the active involvement of the default mode network in both declarative memory and resting condition suggests the possibility that during rest there is an on-going memory processing. We find support for the 'attention to memory' hypothesis, the memory differentiation model and the appropriate transfer hypothesis, but some evidence is inconsistent with the traditional hub-and-spoke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Palacio
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 #18A-12, Bogota 11, Colombia
| | - Fernando Cardenas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 #18A-12, Bogota 11, Colombia
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15
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Jiang R, Zuo N, Ford JM, Qi S, Zhi D, Zhuo C, Xu Y, Fu Z, Bustillo J, Turner JA, Calhoun VD, Sui J. Task-induced brain connectivity promotes the detection of individual differences in brain-behavior relationships. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116370. [PMID: 31751666 PMCID: PMC7345498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although both resting and task-induced functional connectivity (FC) have been used to characterize the human brain and cognitive abilities, the potential of task-induced FCs in individualized prediction for out-of-scanner cognitive traits remains largely unexplored. A recent study Greene et al. (2018) predicted the fluid intelligence scores using FCs derived from rest and multiple task conditions, suggesting that task-induced brain state manipulation improved prediction of individual traits. Here, using a large dataset incorporating fMRI data from rest and 7 distinct task conditions, we replicated the original study by employing a different machine learning approach, and applying the method to predict two reading comprehension-related cognitive measures. Consistent with their findings, we found that task-based machine learning models often outperformed rest-based models. We also observed that combining multi-task fMRI improved prediction performance, yet, integrating the more fMRI conditions can not necessarily ensure better predictions. Compared with rest, the predictive FCs derived from language and working memory tasks were highlighted with more predictive power in predominantly default mode and frontoparietal networks. Moreover, prediction models demonstrated high stability to be generalizable across distinct cognitive states. Together, this replication study highlights the benefit of using task-based FCs to reveal brain-behavior relationships, which may confer more predictive power and promote the detection of individual differences of connectivity patterns underlying relevant cognitive traits, providing strong evidence for the validity and robustness of the original findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nianming Zuo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Shile Qi
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
| | - Dongmei Zhi
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303.
| | - Jing Sui
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303; Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China.
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16
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Farahani FV, Karwowski W, Lighthall NR. Application of Graph Theory for Identifying Connectivity Patterns in Human Brain Networks: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:585. [PMID: 31249501 PMCID: PMC6582769 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Analysis of the human connectome using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) started in the mid-1990s and attracted increasing attention in attempts to discover the neural underpinnings of human cognition and neurological disorders. In general, brain connectivity patterns from fMRI data are classified as statistical dependencies (functional connectivity) or causal interactions (effective connectivity) among various neural units. Computational methods, especially graph theory-based methods, have recently played a significant role in understanding brain connectivity architecture. Objectives: Thanks to the emergence of graph theoretical analysis, the main purpose of the current paper is to systematically review how brain properties can emerge through the interactions of distinct neuronal units in various cognitive and neurological applications using fMRI. Moreover, this article provides an overview of the existing functional and effective connectivity methods used to construct the brain network, along with their advantages and pitfalls. Methods: In this systematic review, the databases Science Direct, Scopus, arXiv, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SpringerLink are employed for exploring the evolution of computational methods in human brain connectivity from 1990 to the present, focusing on graph theory. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Results: Our results show that graph theory and its implications in cognitive neuroscience have attracted the attention of researchers since 2009 (as the Human Connectome Project launched), because of their prominent capability in characterizing the behavior of complex brain systems. Although graph theoretical approach can be generally applied to either functional or effective connectivity patterns during rest or task performance, to date, most articles have focused on the resting-state functional connectivity. Conclusions: This review provides an insight into how to utilize graph theoretical measures to make neurobiological inferences regarding the mechanisms underlying human cognition and behavior as well as different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad V Farahani
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nichole R Lighthall
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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17
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Moshfeghi Y, Pollick FE. Neuropsychological model of the realization of information need. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Moshfeghi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XQ United Kingdom
| | - Frank E. Pollick
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom
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18
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Agrawal S, Chinnadurai V, Kaur A, Kumar P, Kaur P, Sharma R, Kumar Singh A. Estimation of Functional Connectivity Modulations During Task Engagement and Their Neurovascular Underpinnings Through Hemodynamic Reorganization Method. Brain Connect 2019; 9:341-355. [PMID: 30688078 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes an approach to understand the effect of task engagement through integrated analysis of modulations in functional networks and associated changes in their neurovascular underpinnings at every voxel. For this purpose, a novel approach that brings reorganization in acquired task-functional magnetic resonance imaging information based on hemodynamic characteristics of every task stimulus is proposed and validated. At first, modulations in functional networks of visual target detection task were estimated at every voxel through proposed methodology. It revealed task stimulus dependency in the modulation of default mode network (DMN). The DMN modulated as task negative network (TNN) during target stimulus. On the contrary, it was not entirely TNN during nontarget stimulus. The frontal-parietal and visual networks modulated as task positive network during both task stimuli. Further, modulations of neurovascular underpinnings associated with engagement of task were estimated by correlating the hemodynamically reorganized task blood oxygen level dependent information with simultaneously acquired electroencephalography frequency powers. It revealed the strong association of neurovascular underpinnings with their modulation of functional networks and the associated neuronal activity during task engagement. Finally, graph theoretical parameters such as local, global efficiency and clustering coefficient were also measured at the specific regions for validating the results of proposed method. Modulation observed in graph theory measures clearly validated the activation and deactivation of functional networks observed by the proposed method during task engagement. Thus, the voxel-wise estimation of task-related modulation of functional networks and associated neurovascular underpinnings through proposed technique provide better insights into neuronal mechanism involved during engagement in a task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agrawal
- 1 NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Ardaman Kaur
- 1 NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- 1 NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- 1 NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rinku Sharma
- 2 Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- 1 NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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19
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Human cognition involves the dynamic integration of neural activity and neuromodulatory systems. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:289-296. [PMID: 30664771 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human brain integrates diverse cognitive processes into a coherent whole, shifting fluidly as a function of changing environmental demands. Despite recent progress, the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for this dynamic system-level integration remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the spatial, dynamic, and molecular signatures of system-wide neural activity across a range of cognitive tasks. We found that neuronal activity converged onto a low-dimensional manifold that facilitates the execution of diverse task states. Flow within this attractor space was associated with dissociable cognitive functions, unique patterns of network-level topology, and individual differences in fluid intelligence. The axes of the low-dimensional neurocognitive architecture aligned with regional differences in the density of neuromodulatory receptors, which in turn relate to distinct signatures of network controllability estimated from the structural connectome. These results advance our understanding of functional brain organization by emphasizing the interface between neural activity, neuromodulatory systems, and cognitive function.
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20
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Gohel S, Laino ME, Rajeev-Kumar G, Jenabi M, Peck K, Hatzoglou V, Tabar V, Holodny AI, Vachha B. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:319-325. [PMID: 30630835 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A recent study using task-based fMRI demonstrated that the middle frontal gyrus is comparable with Broca's area in its ability to determine language laterality using a measure of verbal fluency. This study investigated whether the middle frontal gyrus can be used as an indicator for language-hemispheric dominance in patients with brain tumors using task-free resting-state fMRI. We hypothesized that no significant difference in language lateralization would occur between the middle frontal gyrus and Broca area and that the middle frontal gyrus can serve as a simple and reliable means of measuring language laterality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using resting-state fMRI, we compared the middle frontal gyrus with the Broca area in 51 patients with glial neoplasms for voxel activation, the language laterality index, and the effect of tumor grade on the laterality index. The laterality index derived by resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI was compared in a subset of 40 patients. RESULTS Voxel activations in the left middle frontal gyrus and left Broca area were positively correlated (r = 0.47, P < .001). Positive correlations were seen between the laterality index of the Broca area and middle frontal gyrus regions (r = 0.56, P < .0005). Twenty-seven of 40 patients (67.5%) showed concordance of the laterality index based on the Broca area using resting-state fMRI and the laterality index based on a language task. Thirty of 40 patients (75%) showed concordance of the laterality index based on the middle frontal gyrus using resting-state fMRI and the laterality index based on a language task. CONCLUSIONS The middle frontal gyrus is comparable with the Broca area in its ability to determine hemispheric dominance for language using resting-state fMRI. Our results suggest the addition of resting-state fMRI of the middle frontal gyrus to the list of noninvasive modalities that could be used in patients with gliomas to evaluate hemispheric dominance of language before tumor resection. In patients who cannot participate in traditional task-based fMRI, resting-state fMRI offers a task-free alternate to presurgically map the eloquent cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gohel
- From the Department of Health Informatics (S.G.), Rutgers University School of Health Professions, Newark, New Jersey
| | - M E Laino
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.).,Department of Radiology (M.E.L.), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G Rajeev-Kumar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.R.-K.), New York, New York
| | - M Jenabi
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
| | - K Peck
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.).,Medical Physics (K.P.)
| | - V Hatzoglou
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
| | - V Tabar
- Neurosurgery (V.T.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - A I Holodny
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
| | - B Vachha
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
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21
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Farahani FV, Karwowski W, Lighthall NR. Application of Graph Theory for Identifying Connectivity Patterns in Human Brain Networks: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 31249501 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00585/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Analysis of the human connectome using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) started in the mid-1990s and attracted increasing attention in attempts to discover the neural underpinnings of human cognition and neurological disorders. In general, brain connectivity patterns from fMRI data are classified as statistical dependencies (functional connectivity) or causal interactions (effective connectivity) among various neural units. Computational methods, especially graph theory-based methods, have recently played a significant role in understanding brain connectivity architecture. Objectives: Thanks to the emergence of graph theoretical analysis, the main purpose of the current paper is to systematically review how brain properties can emerge through the interactions of distinct neuronal units in various cognitive and neurological applications using fMRI. Moreover, this article provides an overview of the existing functional and effective connectivity methods used to construct the brain network, along with their advantages and pitfalls. Methods: In this systematic review, the databases Science Direct, Scopus, arXiv, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SpringerLink are employed for exploring the evolution of computational methods in human brain connectivity from 1990 to the present, focusing on graph theory. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Results: Our results show that graph theory and its implications in cognitive neuroscience have attracted the attention of researchers since 2009 (as the Human Connectome Project launched), because of their prominent capability in characterizing the behavior of complex brain systems. Although graph theoretical approach can be generally applied to either functional or effective connectivity patterns during rest or task performance, to date, most articles have focused on the resting-state functional connectivity. Conclusions: This review provides an insight into how to utilize graph theoretical measures to make neurobiological inferences regarding the mechanisms underlying human cognition and behavior as well as different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad V Farahani
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nichole R Lighthall
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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22
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Ulloa A, Horwitz B. Quantifying Differences Between Passive and Task-Evoked Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in a Large-Scale Brain Simulation. Brain Connect 2018; 8:637-652. [PMID: 30430844 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a connection between intrinsic and task-evoked brain activities is critical because it would provide a way to map task-related brain regions in patients unable to comply with such tasks. A crucial question within this realm is to what extent the execution of a cognitive task affects the intrinsic activity of brain regions not involved in the task. Computational models can be useful to answer this question because they allow us to distinguish task from nontask neural elements while giving us the effects of task execution on nontask regions of interest at the neuroimaging level. The quantification of those effects in a computational model would represent a step toward elucidating the intrinsic versus task-evoked connection. In this study we used computational modeling and graph theoretical metrics to quantify changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity due to task execution. We used our large-scale neural modeling framework to embed a computational model of visual short-term memory into an empirically derived connectome. We simulated a neuroimaging study consisting of 10 subjects performing passive fixation (PF), passive viewing (PV), and delayed match-to-sample (DMS) tasks. We used the simulated blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging time series to calculate functional connectivity (FC) matrices and used those matrices to compute several graph theoretical measures. After determining that the simulated graph theoretical measures were largely consistent with experiments, we were able to quantify the differences between the graph metrics of the PF condition and those of the PV and DMS conditions. Thus, we show that we can use graph theoretical methods applied to simulated brain networks to aid in the quantification of changes in intrinsic brain FC during task execution. Our results represent a step toward establishing a connection between intrinsic and task-related brain activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ulloa
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Neural Bytes, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Barry Horwitz
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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23
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Dinga S, Wu D, Huang S, Wu C, Wang X, Shi J, Hu Y, Liang C, Zhang F, Lu M, Leiken K, Xiang J. Neuromagnetic correlates of audiovisual word processing in the developing brain. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 128:7-21. [PMID: 29580903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The brain undergoes enormous changes during childhood. Little is known about how the brain develops to serve word processing. The objective of the present study was to investigate the maturational changes of word processing in children and adolescents using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Responses to a word processing task were investigated in sixty healthy participants. Each participant was presented with simultaneous visual and auditory word pairs in "match" and "mismatch" conditions. The patterns of neuromagnetic activation from MEG recordings were analyzed at both sensor and source levels. Topography and source imaging revealed that word processing transitioned from bilateral connections to unilateral connections as age increased from 6 to 17 years old. Correlation analyses of language networks revealed that the path length of word processing networks negatively correlated with age (r = -0.833, p < 0.0001), while the connection strength (r = 0.541, p < 0.01) and the clustering coefficient (r = 0.705, p < 0.001) of word processing networks were positively correlated with age. In addition, males had more visual connections, whereas females had more auditory connections. The correlations between gender and path length, gender and connection strength, and gender and clustering coefficient demonstrated a developmental trend without reaching statistical significance. The results indicate that the developmental trajectory of word processing is gender specific. Since the neuromagnetic signatures of these gender-specific paths to adult word processing were determined using non-invasive, objective, and quantitative methods, the results may play a key role in understanding language impairments in pediatric patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Dinga
- Psychology Department, University of Rochester, 500 Joseph C Wilson Blvd, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fawen Zhang
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kimberly Leiken
- MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Jing Xiang
- MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
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Häkkinen S, Rinne T. Intrinsic, stimulus-driven and task-dependent connectivity in human auditory cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2113-2127. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Kiss M, Hermann P, Vidnyánszky Z, Gál V. Reducing task-based fMRI scanning time using simultaneous multislice echo planar imaging. Neuroradiology 2018; 60:293-302. [PMID: 29302710 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To maintain alertness and to remain motionless during scanning represent a substantial challenge for patients/subjects involved in both clinical and research functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations. Therefore, availability and application of new data acquisition protocols allowing the shortening of scan time without compromising the data quality and statistical power are of major importance. METHODS Higher order category-selective visual cortical areas were identified individually, and rapid event-related fMRI design was used to compare three different sampling rates (TR = 2000, 1000, and 410 ms, using state-of-the-art simultaneous multislice imaging) and four different scanning lengths to match the statistical power of the traditional scanning methods to high sampling-rate design. RESULTS The results revealed that ~ 4 min of the scan time with 1 Hz (TR = 1000 ms) sampling rate and ~ 2 min scanning at ~ 2.5 Hz (TR = 410 ms) sampling rate provide similar localization sensitivity and selectivity to that obtained with 11-min session at conventional, 0.5 Hz (TR = 2000 ms) sampling rate. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that task-based fMRI examination of clinical population prone to distress such as presurgical mapping experiments might substantially benefit from the reduced (20-40%) scanning time that can be achieved by the application of simultaneous multislice sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kiss
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai PhD School, MR Research Centre, Balassa Street 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary. .,Department of Neuroradiology, National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Amerikai Street 57, Budapest, 1145, Hungary.
| | - Petra Hermann
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Vidnyánszky
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Viktor Gál
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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26
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Sair HI, Agarwal S, Pillai JJ. Application of Resting State Functional MR Imaging to Presurgical Mapping. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017; 27:635-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Shine JM, Poldrack RA. Principles of dynamic network reconfiguration across diverse brain states. Neuroimage 2017; 180:396-405. [PMID: 28782684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent methodological advances have enabled researchers to track the network structure of the human brain over time. Together, these studies provide novel insights into effective brain function, highlighting the importance of the systems-level perspective in understanding the manner in which the human brain organizes its activity to facilitate behavior. Here, we review a range of recent fMRI and electrophysiological studies that have mapped the relationship between inter-regional communication and network structure across a diverse range of brain states. In doing so, we identify both behavioral and biological axes that may underlie the tendency for network reconfiguration. We conclude our review by providing suggestions for future research endeavors that may help to refine our understanding of the functioning of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Shine
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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28
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Gonzalez-Castillo J, Bandettini PA. Task-based dynamic functional connectivity: Recent findings and open questions. Neuroimage 2017; 180:526-533. [PMID: 28780401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal evolution of functional connectivity (FC) within the confines of individual scans is nowadays often explored with functional neuroimaging. This is particularly true for resting-state; yet, FC-dynamics have also been investigated as subjects engage on numerous tasks. It is these research efforts that constitute the core of this survey. First, empirical observations on how FC differs between task and rest-independent of temporal scale-are reviewed, as they underscore how, despite overall preservation of network topography, the brain's FC does reconfigure in systematic ways to accommodate task demands. Next, reports on the relationships between instantaneous FC and perception/performance in subsequent trials are discussed. Similarly, research where different aspects of task-concurrent FC-dynamics are explored or utilized to predict ongoing mental states are also examined. The manuscript finishes with an incomplete list of challenges that hopefully fuels future work in this vibrant area of neuroscientific research. Overall, this review concludes that task-concurrent FC-dynamics, when properly characterized, are relevant to behavior, and that their translational value holds considerable promise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Functional MRI Core, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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Garcia JO, Brooks J, Kerick S, Johnson T, Mullen TR, Vettel JM. Estimating direction in brain-behavior interactions: Proactive and reactive brain states in driving. Neuroimage 2017; 150:239-249. [PMID: 28238938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional neuroimaging analyses have ascribed function to particular brain regions, exploiting the power of the subtraction technique in fMRI and event-related potential analyses in EEG. Moving beyond this convention, many researchers have begun exploring network-based neurodynamics and coordination between brain regions as a function of behavioral parameters or environmental statistics; however, most approaches average evoked activity across the experimental session to study task-dependent networks. Here, we examined on-going oscillatory activity as measured with EEG and use a methodology to estimate directionality in brain-behavior interactions. After source reconstruction, activity within specific frequency bands (delta: 2-3Hz; theta: 4-7Hz; alpha: 8-12Hz; beta: 13-25Hz) in a priori regions of interest was linked to continuous behavioral measurements, and we used a predictive filtering scheme to estimate the asymmetry between brain-to-behavior and behavior-to-brain prediction using a variant of Granger causality. We applied this approach to a simulated driving task and examined directed relationships between brain activity and continuous driving performance (steering behavior or vehicle heading error). Our results indicated that two neuro-behavioral states may be explored with this methodology: a Proactive brain state that actively plans the response to the sensory information and is characterized by delta-beta activity, and a Reactive brain state that processes incoming information and reacts to environmental statistics primarily within the alpha band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O Garcia
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States; Qusp Labs., San Diego, CA, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Justin Brooks
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Scott Kerick
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Jean M Vettel
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States; University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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30
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Bolt T, Nomi JS, Rubinov M, Uddin LQ. Correspondence between evoked and intrinsic functional brain network configurations. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:1992-2007. [PMID: 28052450 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the literature exploring differences between intrinsic and task-evoked brain architectures has examined changes in functional connectivity patterns between specific brain regions. While informative, this approach overlooks important overall functional changes in hub organization and network topology that may provide insights about differences in integration between intrinsic and task-evoked states. Examination of changes in overall network organization, such as a change in the concentration of hub nodes or a quantitative change in network organization, is important for understanding the underlying processes that differ between intrinsic and task-evoked brain architectures. The present study used graph-theoretical techniques applied to publicly available neuroimaging data collected from a large sample of individuals (N = 202), and a within-subject design where resting-state and several task scans were collected from each participant as part of the Human Connectome Project. We demonstrate that differences between intrinsic and task-evoked brain networks are characterized by a task-general shift in high-connectivity hubs from primarily sensorimotor/auditory processing areas during the intrinsic state to executive control/salience network areas during task performance. In addition, we demonstrate that differences between intrinsic and task-evoked architectures are associated with changes in overall network organization, such as increases in network clustering, global efficiency and integration between modules. These findings offer a new perspective on the principles guiding functional brain organization by identifying unique and divergent properties of overall network organization between the resting-state and task performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1992-2007, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bolt
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Mikail Rubinov
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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31
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Gkigkitzis I, Haranas I, Kotsireas I. Biological Relevance of Network Architecture. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 988:1-29. [PMID: 28971385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56246-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical representations of brain networks in neuroscience through the use of graph theory may be very useful for the understanding of neurological diseases and disorders and such an explanatory power is currently under intense investigation. Graph metrics are expected to vary across subjects and are likely to reflect behavioural and cognitive performances. The challenge is to set up a framework that can explain how behaviour, cognition, memory, and other brain properties can emerge through the combined interactions of neurons, ensembles of neurons, and larger-scale brain regions that make information transfer possible. "Hidden" graph theoretic properties in the construction of brain networks may limit or enhance brain functionality and may be representative of aspects of human psychology. As theorems emerge from simple mathematical properties of graphs, similarly, cognition and behaviour may emerge from the molecular, cellular and brain region substrate interactions. In this review report, we identify some studies in the current literature that have used graph theoretical metrics to extract neurobiological conclusions, we briefly discuss the link with the human connectome project as an effort to integrate human data that may aid the study of emergent patterns and we suggest a way to start categorizing diseases according to their brain network pathologies as these are measured by graph theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkigkitzis
- Department of Mathematics, East Carolina University, 124 Austin Building, East Fifth Street, Greenville, NC, 27858-4353, USA.
| | - Ioannis Haranas
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, Room N2078, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Ilias Kotsireas
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, Room N2078, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
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32
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Davis SW, Stanley ML, Moscovitch M, Cabeza R. Resting-state networks do not determine cognitive function networks: a commentary on Campbell and Schacter (2016). LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 32:669-673. [PMID: 28989941 PMCID: PMC5629978 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2016.1252847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon W Davis
- Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew L Stanley
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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33
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Piervincenzi C, Petrilli A, Marini A, Caulo M, Committeri G, Sestieri C. Multimodal assessment of hemispheric lateralization for language and its relevance for behavior. Neuroimage 2016; 142:351-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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34
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The contributions of resting state and task-based functional connectivity studies to our understanding of adolescent brain network maturation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:13-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Bolt T, Laurienti PJ, Lyday R, Morgan A, Dagenbach D. Graph-Theoretical Study of Functional Changes Associated with the Iowa Gambling Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:314. [PMID: 27445754 PMCID: PMC4921456 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine changes in functional brain network organization from rest to the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) using a graph-theoretical approach. Although many functional neuroimaging studies have examined task-based activations in complex-decision making tasks, changes in functional network organization during this task remain unexplored. This study used a repeated-measures approach to examine changes in functional network organization across multiple sessions of resting-state and IGT scans. The results revealed that global network organization shifted from a local, clustered organization at rest to a more global, integrated organization during the IGT. In addition, network organization was stable across sessions of rest and the IGT. Regional analyses of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Fronto-Parietal Network (FPN) revealed differential patterns of change in regional network organization from rest to the IGT. The results of this study reveal that global and regional network organization is significantly modulated across states and fairly stable over time, and that network changes in the FPN are particularly important in the decision-making processes necessary for successful IGT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bolt
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert Lyday
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Morgan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dale Dagenbach
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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36
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Telesford QK, Lynall ME, Vettel J, Miller MB, Grafton ST, Bassett DS. Detection of functional brain network reconfiguration during task-driven cognitive states. Neuroimage 2016; 142:198-210. [PMID: 27261162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Network science offers computational tools to elucidate the complex patterns of interactions evident in neuroimaging data. Recently, these tools have been used to detect dynamic changes in network connectivity that may occur at short time scales. The dynamics of fMRI connectivity, and how they differ across time scales, are far from understood. A simple way to interrogate dynamics at different time scales is to alter the size of the time window used to extract sequential (or rolling) measures of functional connectivity. Here, in n=82 participants performing three distinct cognitive visual tasks in recognition memory and strategic attention, we subdivided regional BOLD time series into variable sized time windows and determined the impact of time window size on observed dynamics. Specifically, we applied a multilayer community detection algorithm to identify temporal communities and we calculated network flexibility to quantify changes in these communities over time. Within our frequency band of interest, large and small windows were associated with a narrow range of network flexibility values across the brain, while medium time windows were associated with a broad range of network flexibility values. Using medium time windows of size 75-100s, we uncovered brain regions with low flexibility (considered core regions, and observed in visual and attention areas) and brain regions with high flexibility (considered periphery regions, and observed in subcortical and temporal lobe regions) via comparison to appropriate dynamic network null models. Generally, this work demonstrates the impact of time window length on observed network dynamics during task performance, offering pragmatic considerations in the choice of time window in dynamic network analysis. More broadly, this work reveals organizational principles of brain functional connectivity that are not accessible with static network approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qawi K Telesford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Lynall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department Psychological and Brain Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jean Vettel
- Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001, USA; Department Psychological and Brain Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael B Miller
- Department Psychological and Brain Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Scott T Grafton
- Department Psychological and Brain Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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37
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Ponce-Alvarez A, He BJ, Hagmann P, Deco G. Task-Driven Activity Reduces the Cortical Activity Space of the Brain: Experiment and Whole-Brain Modeling. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004445. [PMID: 26317432 PMCID: PMC4552873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How a stimulus or a task alters the spontaneous dynamics of the brain remains a fundamental open question in neuroscience. One of the most robust hallmarks of task/stimulus-driven brain dynamics is the decrease of variability with respect to the spontaneous level, an effect seen across multiple experimental conditions and in brain signals observed at different spatiotemporal scales. Recently, it was observed that the trial-to-trial variability and temporal variance of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals decrease in the task-driven activity. Here we examined the dynamics of a large-scale model of the human cortex to provide a mechanistic understanding of these observations. The model allows computing the statistics of synaptic activity in the spontaneous condition and in putative tasks determined by external inputs to a given subset of brain regions. We demonstrated that external inputs decrease the variance, increase the covariances, and decrease the autocovariance of synaptic activity as a consequence of single node and large-scale network dynamics. Altogether, these changes in network statistics imply a reduction of entropy, meaning that the spontaneous synaptic activity outlines a larger multidimensional activity space than does the task-driven activity. We tested this model’s prediction on fMRI signals from healthy humans acquired during rest and task conditions and found a significant decrease of entropy in the stimulus-driven activity. Altogether, our study proposes a mechanism for increasing the information capacity of brain networks by enlarging the volume of possible activity configurations at rest and reliably settling into a confined stimulus-driven state to allow better transmission of stimulus-related information. Task- or stimulus-related changes of brain dynamics have been the subject of intense investigation during the last years. One of the most robust hallmarks of task/stimulus-driven brain dynamics, as measured using diverse recording techniques, is the decrease of variability with respect to the spontaneous level. This has led several researchers to focus on the second-order statistics of evoked activity and to study their functional consequences for information processing. In particular, it was observed that the trial-to-trial variability (related to variable responses to an identical stimulus from one presentation to the next) and the temporal variance of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals decrease in the task-driven activity. Here, we built a computational model of the whole brain to understand how local and large-scale brain dynamics contribute to these effects. The model allowed us to derive equations for the network statistics of both spontaneous and evoked activity. We observed that, as a consequence of single node and network dynamics, stimulus input impacts network statistics in such a way that the entropy of the stimulus-driven activity is lower than that during spontaneous activity. We confirmed this model prediction using empirical fMRI data and we further discuss its functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Ponce-Alvarez
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Biyu J. He
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Lab 5, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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