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Silberstein RB, Bigelow FJ. Brain functional connectivity correlates of anomalous interaction between sensorily isolated monozygotic twins. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1388049. [PMID: 38660011 PMCID: PMC11039847 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1388049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined brain functional connectivity (FC) changes associated with possible anomalous interactions between sensorily isolated monozygotic (MZ) twins. Brain FC was estimated using the Steady State Visual Evoked Potential-Event Related Partial Coherence (SSVEP-ERPC) methodology. Five twin pairs served twice as participants, with an average interval between sessions of 67 days. In each recording session, one twin, the Sender, viewed a randomized set of 50 general images and 50 personally relevant images, while the other twin, the Receiver, viewed a static personally relevant image for the entire duration of the session. Images appeared on the Sender screen for 1.0 s, with the interval between successive images varied randomly between 4.0 and 8.0 s. Receiver FC changes were calculated based on the appearance times of the images as viewed by the Sender. It was hypothesized that anomalous interactions would be indicated by statistically significant Receiver FC changes when those changes are determined using the Sender image appearance times. For each twin serving as Receiver, FC components were separately analyzed for the 50 general and the 50 personal images, yielding 38 observations (19 twin pairs by 2 conditions). The hypothesis was confirmed in that 11 of the 38 observations yielded statistically significant Receiver FC increases or decreases at the p < 0.01 level only when trials were synchronized to the Sender image appearance times. Overall, this effect was significant at the p = 4 × 10-8 Df = 175. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting statistically significant FC changes indicative of anomalous interactions between two sensorily isolated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Silberstein RB, Camfield DA. Sex influences the brain functional connectivity correlates of originality. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23269. [PMID: 34857822 PMCID: PMC8640048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative cognition is thought to involve two processes, the creation of new ideas and the selection and retention of suitable new ideas. Neuroimaging studies suggest that the Default Mode Network contributes to the creation of new ideas while left inferior frontal and parieto-temporal cortical networks mediate the selection/retention process. Higher levels of activity in the selection/retention have been shown to be associated with stricter criteria for selection and hence the expression of fewer novel ideas. In this study, we examined the brain functional connectivity correlates of an originality score while 27 males and 27 females performed a low and a high demand visual vigilance task. Brain functional connectivity was estimated from the steady state visual evoked potential event related partial coherence. In the male group, we observed a hypothesized left frontal functional connectivity that was negatively correlated with originality in both tasks. By contrast, in the female group no significant correlation between functional connectivity and originality was observed in either task. We interpret the findings to suggest that males and females engaged different functional networks when performing the vigilance tasks. We conclude with a consideration of the possible risks when data pooling across sex in studies of higher cortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Level 3, Building B, 192 Burwood Road, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
- Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd, Melbourne, 3122, Australia.
| | - David A Camfield
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Level 3, Building B, 192 Burwood Road, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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Won GH, Choi TY, Kim JW. Application of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Tools: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Korean ADHD Rating Scale and Continuous Performance Test. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2397-2406. [PMID: 33116539 PMCID: PMC7585786 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s275796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare the Korean version of the ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Plus (IVA+Plus), a continuous performance test, by analyzing their abilities to distinguish different groups (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], ADHD-not otherwise specified [NOS], and normal control [NC]). PATIENTS AND METHODS Individuals of 7-12 years of age who visited our child and adolescent psychiatric clinic were recruited. Seventy-four participants (58 males, 16 females) were classified into three groups according to results from the Korean Version of Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. The K-ARS and IVA+Plus were administered. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted. The tools' accuracy in discriminating patients with ADHD or NOS from NCs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS ANCOVA revealed significant differences in the K-ARS results of the three groups (ADHD [n=29], NOS [n=33], NC [n=12]), whereas a difference in IVA+Plus results was observed only between the ADHD and NC groups. In the ROC curve analysis of the K-ARS, the areas under the curve (AUCs) for each group were 0.960 (ADHD vs NC), 0.885 (NOS vs NC), 0.920 (ADHD+NOS vs NC), and 0.779 (ADHD vs NOS+NC). In the ROC curve analysis for the IVA+Plus hyperactivity-impulsiveness scale, the AUCs for each group were 0.740 (ADHD vs NC), 0.643 (NOS vs NC), 0.688 (ADHD+NOS vs NC), and 0.626 (ADHD vs NOS+NC); those for the inattention scale were 0.731 (ADHD vs NC), 0.658 (NOS vs NC), 0.692 (ADHD+NOS vs NC), and 0.625 (ADHD+NOS vs NC). CONCLUSION The K-ARS was useful to distinguish the ADHD and NOS groups from the NC group, while the IVA+Plus was useful to distinguish the ADHD group from the NC group. Clinicians should ensure they understand the properties of each tool and apply them appropriately in the diagnosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Hui Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Gerrits B, Vollebregt MA, Olbrich S, van Dijk H, Palmer D, Gordon E, Pascual-Marqui R, Kessels RPC, Arns M. Probing the "Default Network Interference Hypothesis" With EEG: An RDoC Approach Focused on Attention. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:404-412. [PMID: 31322000 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419864461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that specific networks (default mode network [DMN] and task positive network [TPN]) activate in an anticorrelated manner when sustaining attention. Related EEG studies are scarce and often lack behavioral validation. We performed independent component analysis (ICA) across different frequencies (source-level), using eLORETA-ICA, to extract brain-network activity during resting-state and sustained attention. We applied ICA to the voxel domain, similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging methods of analyses. The obtained components were contrasted and correlated to attentional performance (omission errors) in a large sample of healthy subjects (N = 1397). We identified one component that robustly correlated with inattention and reflected an anticorrelation of delta activity in the anterior cingulate and precuneus, and delta and theta activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and with alpha and gamma activity in medial frontal regions. We then compared this component between optimal and suboptimal attentional performers. For the latter group, we observed a greater change in component loading between resting-state and sustained attention than for the optimal performers. Following the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, we prospectively replicated and validated these findings in subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Our results provide further support for the "default mode interference hypothesis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrie Gerrits
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon A Vollebregt
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,3 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Olbrich
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,4 Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Donna Palmer
- 5 Brain Resource Inc, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Pascual-Marqui
- 7 The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland.,8 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,9 Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,10 Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,11 neuroCare Group, Munich, Germany
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Michelini G, Jurgiel J, Bakolis I, Cheung CHM, Asherson P, Loo SK, Kuntsi J, Mohammad-Rezazadeh I. Atypical functional connectivity in adolescents and adults with persistent and remitted ADHD during a cognitive control task. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:137. [PMID: 30979865 PMCID: PMC6461684 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously provided initial evidence for cognitive and event-related potential markers of persistence/remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. Here, using a novel brain-network connectivity approach, we aimed to examine whether task-based functional connectivity reflects a marker of ADHD remission or an enduring deficit unrelated to ADHD outcome. High-density EEG was recorded in a follow-up of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 typically developing individuals during an arrow-flanker task, eliciting cognitive control. Functional connectivity was quantified with network-based graph-theory metrics before incongruent (high-conflict) target onset (pre-stimulus), during target processing (post-stimulus) and in the degree of change between pre-stimulus/post-stimulus. ADHD outcome was examined with parent-reported symptoms and impairment using both a categorical (DSM-IV) and a dimensional approach. Graph-theory measures converged in indicating that, compared to controls, ADHD persisters showed increased connectivity in pre-stimulus theta, alpha, and beta and in post-stimulus beta (all p < .01) and reduced pre-stimulus/post-stimulus change in theta connectivity (p < .01). In the majority of indices showing ADHD persister-control differences, ADHD remitters differed from controls (all p < .05) but not from persisters. Similarly, connectivity measures were unrelated to continuous outcome measures of ADHD symptoms and impairment in participants with childhood ADHD. These findings indicate that adolescents and young adults with persistent and remitted ADHD share atypical over-connectivity profiles and reduced ability to modulate connectivity patterns with task demands, compared to controls. Task-based functional connectivity impairments may represent enduring deficits in individuals with childhood ADHD irrespective of diagnostic status in adolescence/young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, State University New York (SUNY) Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Joseph Jurgiel
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Celeste H M Cheung
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Iman Mohammad-Rezazadeh
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- HRL Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
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Shephard E, Tye C, Ashwood KL, Azadi B, Johnson MH, Charman T, Asherson P, McLoughlin G, Bolton PF. Oscillatory neural networks underlying resting-state, attentional control and social cognition task conditions in children with ASD, ADHD and ASD+ADHD. Cortex 2019; 117:96-110. [PMID: 30954695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common and impairing neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The neurobiological mechanisms involved in ASD and ADHD are not fully understood. However, alterations in large-scale neural networks have been proposed as core deficits in both ASD and ADHD and may help to disentangle the neurobiological basis of these disorders and their co-occurrence. In this study, we examined similarities and differences in large-scale oscillatory neural networks between boys aged 8-13 years with ASD (n = 19), ADHD (n = 18), ASD + ADHD (n = 29) and typical development (Controls, n = 26). Oscillatory neural networks were computed using graph-theoretical methods from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected during an eyes-open resting-state and attentional control and social cognition tasks in which we previously reported disorder-specific atypicalities in oscillatory power and event-related potentials (ERPs). We found that children with ASD showed significant hypoconnectivity in large-scale networks during all three task conditions compared to children without ASD. In contrast, children with ADHD showed significant hyperconnectivity in large-scale networks during the attentional control and social cognition tasks, but not during the resting-state, compared to children without ADHD. Children with co-occurring ASD + ADHD did not differ from children with ASD when paired with this group and vice versa when paired with the ADHD group, indicating that these children showed both ASD-like hypoconnectivity and ADHD-like hyperconnectivity. Our findings suggest that ASD and ADHD are associated with distinct alterations in large-scale oscillatory networks, and these atypicalities present together in children with both disorders. These alterations appear to be task-independent in ASD but task-related in ADHD, and may underlie other neurocognitive atypicalities in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shephard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Charlotte Tye
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Karen L Ashwood
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Bahar Azadi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Grainne McLoughlin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick F Bolton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Silberstein R, Camfield DA, Nield G, Stough C. Gender differences in parieto-frontal brain functional connectivity correlates of creativity. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01196. [PMID: 30688029 PMCID: PMC6379588 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Creativity is a complex construct that lies at the core of what has made human civilizations possible. One frequently used measure of creativity is the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults that yields an overall creativity score. In this study, we examine the relationship between the task-related differences in brain functional connectivity and the creativity score in a male and female group of participants. METHODS Brain functional connectivity was estimated from the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) event-related partial coherence in a group of 27 females and 27 males while they performed a low-demand visual vigilance task and the A-X version of the Continuous Performance Task. Task-related differences in brain functional connectivity (ΔFC) were correlated with the creativity score separately in the female and male groups. RESULTS We found that the creativity score was correlated with a parieto-frontal ΔFC component for both the female and male groups. However, significant gender differences were observed in both the timing and the laterality of the parietal component. Females exhibited a left parietal to bilateral frontal ΔFC component correlated with creativity score and this peaked on the appearance of a target in both tasks. By contrast, males demonstrated a right parietal to bilateral frontal ΔFC component correlated with creativity score which peaked on the appearance of the letter following the targets. CONCLUSION These findings are discussed in the context of the role of the Default Mode Network in creativity, and the role of gender-related differences in cortical networks that mediate creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Silberstein
- Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Neuro‐Insight Pty LtdMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - David A. Camfield
- Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | | | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
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Slater JL, Tate MC. Timing Deficits in ADHD: Insights From the Neuroscience of Musical Rhythm. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:51. [PMID: 30034331 PMCID: PMC6043674 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday human behavior relies upon extraordinary feats of coordination within the brain. In this perspective paper, we argue that the rich temporal structure of music provides an informative context in which to investigate how the brain coordinates its complex activities in time, and how that coordination can be disrupted. We bring insights from the neuroscience of musical rhythm to considerations of timing deficits in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), highlighting the significant overlap between neural systems involved in processing musical rhythm and those implicated in ADHD. We suggest that timing deficits warrant closer investigation since they could lead to the identification of potentially informative phenotypes, tied to neurobiological and genetic factors. Our novel interdisciplinary approach builds upon recent trends in both fields of research: in the neuroscience of rhythm, an increasingly nuanced understanding of the specific contributions of neural systems to rhythm processing, and in ADHD, an increasing focus on differentiating phenotypes and identifying distinct etiological pathways associated with the disorder. Finally, we consider the impact of musical experience on rhythm processing and the potential value of musical rhythm in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Slater
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew C. Tate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Levy F, Pipingas A, Harris EV, Farrow M, Silberstein RB. Continuous performance task in ADHD: Is reaction time variability a key measure? Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:781-786. [PMID: 29588592 PMCID: PMC5858546 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s158308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the use of the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) reaction time variability (intraindividual variability or standard deviation of reaction time), as a measure of vigilance in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and stimulant medication response, utilizing a simple CPT X-task vs an A-X-task. METHOD Comparative analyses of two separate X-task vs A-X-task data sets, and subgroup analyses of performance on and off medication were conducted. RESULTS The CPT X-task reaction time variability had a direct relationship to ADHD clinician severity ratings, unlike the CPT A-X-task. Variability in X-task performance was reduced by medication compared with the children's unmedicated performance, but this effect did not reach significance. When the coefficient of variation was applied, severity measures and medication response were significant for the X-task, but not for the A-X-task. CONCLUSION The CPT-X-task is a useful clinical screening test for ADHD and medication response. In particular, reaction time variability is related to default mode interference. The A-X-task is less useful in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Levy
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Head, Child and Family East, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth V Harris
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maree Farrow
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Richard B Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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Baijot S, Cevallos C, Zarka D, Leroy A, Slama H, Colin C, Deconinck N, Dan B, Cheron G. EEG Dynamics of a Go/Nogo Task in Children with ADHD. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7120167. [PMID: 29261133 PMCID: PMC5742770 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies investigating event-related potential (ERP) evoked in a Cue-Go/NoGo paradigm have shown lower frontal N1, N2 and central P3 in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children (TDC). However, the electroencephalographic (EEG) dynamics underlying these ERPs remain largely unexplored in ADHD. Methods: We investigate the event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence linked to the ERP triggered by visual Cue-Go/NoGo stimuli, in 14 children (7 ADHD and 7 TDC) aged 8 to 12 years. Results: Compared to TDC, the EEG dynamics of children with ADHD showed a lower theta-alpha ITC concomitant to lower occipito-parietal P1-N2 and frontal N1-P2 potentials in response to Cue, Go and Nogo stimuli; an upper alpha power preceding lower central Go-P3; a lower theta-alpha power and ITC were coupled to a lower frontal Nogo-N3; a lower low-gamma power overall scalp at 300 ms after Go and Nogo stimuli. Conclusion: These findings suggest impaired ability in children with ADHD to conserve the brain oscillations phase associated with stimulus processing. This physiological trait might serve as a target for therapeutic intervention or be used as monitoring of their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Baijot
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (N.D.); (B.D.)
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador
| | - David Zarka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Research Unit in Osteopathy, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Hichem Slama
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecile Colin
- Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Sensory Neurophysiology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (N.D.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Bernard Dan
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (N.D.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Medical and Rehabilitation Departments, Inkendaal Rehabilitation Hospital, 1602 Vlezenbeek, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP640, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.Z.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-25-553-403
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Silberstein RB, Levy F, Pipingas A, Farrow M. First-Dose Methylphenidate-Induced Changes in Brain Functional Connectivity Are Correlated With 3-Month Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Response. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:679-686. [PMID: 28465019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are most commonly treated with stimulant medication such as methylphenidate (MPH); however, approximately 25% of patients show little or no symptomatic response. We examined the extent to which initial changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with the first MPH dose in boys newly diagnosed with ADHD predict MPH-associated changes in ADHD inattentiveness and hyperactivity symptoms at 3 months. METHODS Brain FC was estimated using steady-state visual evoked potential partial coherence before and 90 minutes after the administration of the first MPH dose to 40 stimulant drug-naïve boys newly diagnosed with ADHD while they performed the AX version of the continuous performance task. The change in parent-rated inattention and hyperactivity scores over the first 3 months of MPH medication was correlated with the initial 90-minute MPH-mediated FC changes. RESULTS Hyperactivity improvements at 3 months were associated with first-dose MPH-mediated FC reductions restricted to frontal-prefrontal sites following the appearance of the "A" and at frontal and right temporal sites during the appearance of the "X." Corresponding 3-month inattention score improvement was associated with initial MPH-mediated FC reductions restricted to occipitoparietal sites following the appearance of the "A." CONCLUSIONS These findings are discussed in the context of MPH effects on the default mode network and the possible role of the default mode network in MPH-mediated improvements in inattention and hyperactivity symptom scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia; Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Florence Levy
- Child and Family East, Prince of Wales Hospital and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maree Farrow
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Silberstein RB, Pipingas A, Farrow M, Levy F, Stough CK. Dopaminergic modulation of default mode network brain functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00582. [PMID: 28032005 PMCID: PMC5167011 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a range of brain functional connectivity abnormalities, with one of the most prominent being reduced inhibition of the default mode network (DMN) while performing a cognitive task. In this study, we examine the effects of a methylphenidate dose on brain functional connectivity in boys diagnosed with ADHD while they performed a cognitive task. METHOD Brain functional connectivity was estimated using steady-state visual evoked potential partial coherence before and 90 min after the administration of a methylphenidate dose to 42 stimulant drug-naïve boys newly diagnosed with ADHD while they performed the A-X version of the continuous performance task (CPT A-X). RESULTS Methylphenidate robustly reversed the transient functional connectivity increase in the A-X interval seen premedication to a postmedication decrease during this interval. In addition, methylphenidate-induced reductions in individual reaction time were correlated with corresponding reductions in functional connectivity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that methylphenidate suppresses the increased functional connectivity observed in ADHD and that such suppression is associated with improved performance. Our findings support the suggestion that the increased functional connectivity we have observed in ADHD is associated with abnormal DMN activity. In addition, we comment on the significance of specific frequency channels mediating top-down communication within the cortex and the extent to which our findings are selectively sensitive to top-down intracortical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University Hawthorn Vic.Australia; Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University Hawthorn Vic. Australia
| | - Maree Farrow
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Florence Levy
- Head Child and Family East Prince of Wales Hospital and School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Con K Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University Hawthorn Vic. Australia
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Silberstein RB, Pipingas A, Farrow M, Levy F, Stough CK, Camfield DA. Brain functional connectivity abnormalities in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00583. [PMID: 28032006 PMCID: PMC5167009 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with brain functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities. METHODS In this study, we use steady-state visually evoked potential event-related partial coherence as a measure of brain FC to examine functional connectivity differences between a typically developing (TD) group of 25 boys and an age/IQ-matched group of 42 drug naive boys newly diagnosed with ADHD (ADHD group). Functional connectivity was estimated while both groups performed a low-demand reference task and the A-X version of the continuous performance task (CPT A-X). RESULTS While the TD and ADHD groups exhibited similar prefrontal FC increases prior to the appearance of the target in the reference task, these groups demonstrated significant FC differences in the interval preceding the appearance of the target in the CPT A-X task. Specifically, the ADHD group exhibited robust prefrontal and parieto-frontal FC increases that were not apparent in the TD group. CONCLUSION The FC differences observed in the ADHD group are discussed in the context of inadequate suppression of cortical networks that may interfere with task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University Hawthorn Vic.Australia; Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University Hawthorn Vic. Australia
| | - Maree Farrow
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Florence Levy
- Prince of Wales Hospital and School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Con K Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University Hawthorn Vic. Australia
| | - David A Camfield
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University Hawthorn Vic. Australia
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