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Wang J, Liu J, Li J, Zhu JY. Characterization of Microstructure, Chemical, and Physical Properties of Delignified and Densified Poplar Wood. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5709. [PMID: 34640115 PMCID: PMC8510089 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wood is an attractive and inherently sustainable alternative to many conventional materials. Recent research on improving wood mechanical strength emphasizes wood densification through the partial removal of lignin and hemicelluloses, therefore the chemical and physical properties of delignified and densified wood require further investigation. In this study, poplar wood samples were subjected to alkali and maleic acid hydrotropic delignification with varying degrees of lignin and hemicellulose removal followed by hot pressing, and the microstructure, chemical properties, and dimensional stability of densified wood through delignification were evaluated. The results showed that the complete wood cell collapse was observed near the surface of all the delignified wood blocks, as well as some micro-cracks in the cell walls. The chemical analysis indicated that delignification occurred mainly near the surface of the wood blocks and enhanced hydrogen bonding among the aligned cellulose fibers. For dimensional stability, the set recovery decreased with the increase in alkali dosage, and the considerable fixation of compressive deformation was obtained by a post-densification hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C. These results have demonstrated that the densified wood with delignification can be easily fabricated using the proposed method, and the densified wood exhibited great potential to be used as a sustainable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (J.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- USDA Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Junliang Liu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (J.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianzhang Li
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - J. Y. Zhu
- USDA Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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2
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Cai C, Li J, Hirth K, Huber GW, Lou H, Zhu JY. Comparison of Two Acid Hydrotropes for Sustainable Fractionation of Birch Wood. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4649-4659. [PMID: 32463990 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a comparative study of acid hydrotropic fractionation (AHF) of birch wood using maleic acid (MA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH). Under the same level of delignification, lignin dissolved by MA is much less condensed with a higher content of ether aryl β-O-4 linkages. Lignin depolymerization dominated in MA hydrotropic fractionation (MAHF) and resulted in a single lower molecular weight peak, in contrast to the competitive depolymerization and repolymerization in p-TsOH AHF with a bimodal distribution. The less condensed MA-dissolved lignin facilitated catalytic conversion to monophenols. Carboxylation of residual lignin in fractionated cellulosic water-insoluble solids (WISs) enhanced enzymatic saccharification by decreasing nonproductive cellulase binding to lignin. At a low cellulase loading of 10 FPU g-1 glucan, saccharification of WIS-MT120 from MAHF at 120 °C was 95 % compared with 48 % for WIS-PT85 from p-TsOH AHF at 85 °C under the same level of delignification of 63 %. Residual lignin carboxylation also facilitated nanofibrillation of WIS for producing lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) through an enhanced lignin lubrication effect, which substantially decreases fibrillation energy. LCNFs from only one pass of microfluidization of WIS-MT120 have the same morphology as those from WIS-PT85 after three passes. MA also has a lower solubility and higher minimal hydrotropic concentration, which facilitated acid recovery. MA is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved as an indirect food additive, affording significant advantages compared with p-TsOH for biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cai
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, South China University Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kolby Hirth
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - George W Huber
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hongming Lou
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, South China University Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
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Bhalla A, Cai CM, Xu F, Singh SK, Bansal N, Phongpreecha T, Dutta T, Foster CE, Kumar R, Simmons BA, Singh S, Wyman CE, Hegg EL, Hodge DB. Performance of three delignifying pretreatments on hardwoods: hydrolysis yields, comprehensive mass balances, and lignin properties. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:213. [PMID: 31516552 PMCID: PMC6732840 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, three pretreatments under investigation at the DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) were subjected to a side-by-side comparison to assess their performance on model bioenergy hardwoods (a eucalyptus and a hybrid poplar). These include co-solvent-enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF), pretreatment with an ionic liquid using potentially biomass-derived components (cholinium lysinate or [Ch][Lys]), and two-stage Cu-catalyzed alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (Cu-AHP). For each of the feedstocks, the pretreatments were assessed for their impact on lignin and xylan solubilization and enzymatic hydrolysis yields as a function of enzyme loading. Lignins recovered from the pretreatments were characterized for polysaccharide content, molar mass distributions, β-aryl ether content, and response to depolymerization by thioacidolysis. RESULTS All three pretreatments resulted in significant solubilization of lignin and xylan, with the CELF pretreatment solubilizing the majority of both biopolymer categories. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields were shown to exhibit a strong, positive correlation with the lignin solubilized for the low enzyme loadings. The pretreatment-derived solubles in the [Ch][Lys]-pretreated biomass were presumed to contribute to inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis in the eucalyptus as a substantial fraction of the pretreatment liquor was carried forward into hydrolysis for this pretreatment. The pretreatment-solubilized lignins exhibited significant differences in polysaccharide content, molar mass distributions, aromatic monomer yield by thioacidolysis, and β-aryl ether content. Key trends include a substantially higher polysaccharide content in the lignins recovered from the [Ch][Lys] pretreatment and high β-aryl ether contents and aromatic monomer yields from the Cu-AHP pretreatment. For all lignins, the 13C NMR-determined β-aryl ether content was shown to be correlated with the monomer yield with a second-order functionality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, it was demonstrated that the three pretreatments highlighted in this study demonstrated uniquely different functionalities in reducing biomass recalcitrance and achieving higher enzymatic hydrolysis yields for the hybrid poplar while yielding a lignin-rich stream that may be suitable for valorization. Furthermore, modification of lignin during pretreatment, particularly cleavage of β-aryl ether bonds, is shown to be detrimental to subsequent depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalla
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Charles M. Cai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Sandip K. Singh
- Chemical & Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
| | - Namita Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Thanaphong Phongpreecha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Tanmoy Dutta
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Cliff E. Foster
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Charles E. Wyman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Eric L. Hegg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - David B. Hodge
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Chemical & Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Chen L, Dou J, Ma Q, Li N, Wu R, Bian H, Yelle DJ, Vuorinen T, Fu S, Pan X, Zhu J(J. Rapid and near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at ≤80°C by a recyclable acid hydrotrope. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701735. [PMID: 28929139 PMCID: PMC5600535 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of the hydrotropic properties of a recyclable aromatic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), for potentially low-cost and efficient fractionation of wood through rapid and near-complete dissolution of lignin. Approximately 90% of poplar wood (NE222) lignin can be dissolved at 80°C in 20 min. Equivalent delignification using known hydrotropes, such as aromatic salts, can be achieved only at 150°C or higher for more than 10 hours or at 150°C for 2 hours with alkaline pulping. p-TsOH fractionated wood into two fractions: (i) a primarily cellulose-rich water-insoluble solid fraction that can be used for the production of high-value building blocks, such as dissolving pulp fibers, lignocellulosic nanomaterials, and/or sugars through subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis; and (ii) a spent acid liquor stream containing mainly dissolved lignin that can be easily precipitated as lignin nanoparticles by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the minimal hydrotrope concentration. Our nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the dissolved lignin revealed that p-TsOH can depolymerize lignin via ether bond cleavage and can separate carbohydrate-free lignin from the wood. p-TsOH has a relatively low water solubility, which can facilitate efficient recovery using commercially proven crystallization technology by cooling the concentrated spent acid solution to ambient temperatures to achieve environmental sustainability through recycling of p-TsOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Qianli Ma
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ruchun Wu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel J. Yelle
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Junyong (J.Y.) Zhu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Brodeur G, Telotte J, Stickel JJ, Ramakrishnan S. Two-stage dilute-acid and organic-solvent lignocellulosic pretreatment for enhanced bioprocessing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:621-628. [PMID: 27631703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A two stage pretreatment approach for biomass is developed in the current work in which dilute acid (DA) pretreatment is followed by a solvent based pretreatment (N-methyl morpholine N oxide - NMMO). When the combined pretreatment (DAWNT) is applied to sugarcane bagasse and corn stover, the rates of hydrolysis and overall yields (>90%) are seen to dramatically improve and under certain conditions 48h can be taken off the time of hydrolysis with the additional NMMO step to reach similar conversions. DAWNT shows a 2-fold increase in characteristic rates and also fractionates different components of biomass - DA treatment removes the hemicellulose while the remaining cellulose is broken down by enzymatic hydrolysis after NMMO treatment to simple sugars. The remaining residual solid is high purity lignin. Future work will focus on developing a full scale economic analysis of DAWNT for use in biomass fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brodeur
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - J Telotte
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - J J Stickel
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States.
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6
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Zhang J, Gu F, Zhu JY, Zalesny RS. Using a combined hydrolysis factor to optimize high titer ethanol production from sulfite-pretreated poplar without detoxification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 186:223-231. [PMID: 25817033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) was applied to poplar NE222 chips in a range of chemical loadings, temperatures, and times. The combined hydrolysis factor (CHF) as a pretreatment severity accurately predicted xylan dissolution by SPORL. Good correlations between CHF and pretreated solids enzymatic digestibility, sugar yield, and the formations of furfural and acetic acid were obtained. Therefore, CHF was used to balance sugar yield with the formation of fermentation inhibitors for high titer ethanol production without detoxification. The results indicated that optimal sugar yield can be achieved at CHF=3.1, however, fermentation using un-detoxified whole slurries of NE222 pretreated at different severities by SPORL indicated CHF≈2 produced best results. An ethanol titer of 41 g/L was achieved at total solids of approximately 20 wt% without detoxification with a low cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g glucan (27 mL/kg untreated wood).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Zhang
- School of Life Sci. Technol., Beijing Univ. Chem. Technol., Beijing, China; USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Feng Gu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Ronald S Zalesny
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Rhinelander, WI, USA
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7
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Zhu JY, Chandra MS, Gu F, Gleisner R, Reiner R, Sessions J, Marrs G, Gao J, Anderson D. Using sulfite chemistry for robust bioconversion of Douglas-fir forest residue to bioethanol at high titer and lignosulfonate: a pilot-scale evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 179:390-397. [PMID: 25553570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated at the pilot-scale (50 kg) use of Douglas-fir forest harvest residue, an underutilized forest biomass, for the production of high titer and high yield bioethanol using sulfite chemistry without solid-liquor separation and detoxification. Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome the Recalcitrance of Lignocelluloses (SPORL) was directly applied to the ground forest harvest residue with no further mechanical size reduction, at a low temperature of 145°C and calcium bisulfite or total SO2 loadings of only 6.5 or 6.6 wt% on oven dry forest residue, respectively. The low temperature pretreatment facilitated high solids fermentation of the un-detoxified pretreated whole slurry. An ethanol yield of 282 L/tonne, equivalent to 70% theoretical, with a titer of 42 g/L was achieved. SPORL solubilized approximately 45% of the wood lignin as directly marketable lignosulfonate with properties equivalent to or better than a commercial lignosulfonate, important to improve the economics of biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - M Subhosh Chandra
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA; Dept. of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Feng Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key and Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Rick Reiner
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Sessions
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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8
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Life cycle assessment of bioethanol production from woodchips with modifications in the pretreatment process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1080-91. [PMID: 25367284 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatment as a crucial step in the process of ethanol production has significant influences on the process efficiency and on the environmental performance of the bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. In present life cycle analysis (LCA) study, two cases for pretreatment of woodchips were considered as the focal point of the ethanol plant. One was assumed as base scenario whereas the second is the proposed alternative by implementation of modifications on the base design. In the first stage, LCA results of pretreatment unit showed lower environmental impacts in respiratory inorganics and land use than in new scenario, while the base scenario revealed better performance in fossil fuels. The results of the second stage of LCA study demonstrated improvement in proposed design in most categories of environmental impacts such as 18.5 % in land use as well as 17 % improvement in ecosystem quality.
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9
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Existence of the sugar-bisulfite adducts and its inhibiting effect on degradation of monosaccharide in acid system. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1612-22. [PMID: 24241969 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of fermentable monosaccharides is one of the primary concerns for acid prehydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Recently, in our research on degradation of pure monosaccharides in aqueous SO₂ solution by gas chromatography (GC) analysis, we found that detected yield was not actual yield of each monosaccharide due to the existence of sugar-bisulfite adducts, and a new method was developed by ourselves which led to accurate detection of recovery yield of each monosaccharide in aqueous SO₂ solution by GC analysis. By the use of this method, degradation of each monosaccharide in aqueous SO₂ was investigated and results showed that sugar-bisulfite adducts have different inhibiting effect on degradation of each monosaccharide in aqueous SO₂ because of their different stability. In addition, NMR testing also demonstrated possible existence of reaction between conjugated based HSO₃(-) and aldehyde group of sugars in acid system.
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10
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Zhou H, Lou H, Yang D, Zhu JY, Qiu X. Lignosulfonate To Enhance Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocelluloses: Role of Molecular Weight and Substrate Lignin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhou
- Forest Products Laboratory,
Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Hongming Lou
- Forest Products Laboratory,
Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | | | - J. Y. Zhu
- Forest Products Laboratory,
Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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11
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Jin Y, Yang L, Jameel H, Chang HM, Phillips R. Sodium sulfite-formaldehyde pretreatment of mixed hardwoods and its effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:109-15. [PMID: 23127844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, mixed hardwoods were pretreated by sodium sulfite-formaldehyde (SF). The effects of SF pretreatment on the chemical compositions and enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed hardwoods were investigated. SF pretreatment temperature had a significant effect on pulp yield and delignification, resulting in an increased efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. After 96 h of enzymatic hydrolysis at the cellulase loading of 40 FPU/g substrate, the yields of glucan and xylan on the basis of original wood were 37% and 11% for the pulp produced with 12% sulfite charge at 170 °C for 2 h. The total sugar recovery based on the sugar in original wood was 74%. These results indicate that sulfite-formaldehyde cooking is of great potential to be a pretreatment method for a greenfield mill to produce fuel ethanol from hardwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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Quantitative predictions of bioconversion of aspen by dilute acid and SPORL pretreatments using a unified combined hydrolysis factor (CHF). Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Taylor MP, Mulako I, Tuffin M, Cowan D. Understanding physiological responses to pre-treatment inhibitors in ethanologenic fermentations. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1169-81. [PMID: 22331581 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-based liquid fuels feature significantly in the political and social agendas of many countries, seeking energy sustainability. It is certain that ethanol will be the entry point for many sustainable processes. Conventional ethanol production using maize- and sugarcane-based carbohydrates with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well established, while lignocellulose-based processes are receiving growing interest despite posing greater technical and scientific challenges. A significant challenge that arises from the chemical hydrolysis of lignocellulose is the generation of toxic compounds in parallel with the release of sugars. These compounds, collectively termed pre-treatment inhibitors, impair metabolic functionality and growth. Their removal, pre-fermentation or their abatement, via milder hydrolysis, are currently uneconomic options. It is widely acknowledged that a more cost effective strategy is to develop resistant process strains. Here we describe and classify common inhibitors and describe in detail the reported physiological responses that occur in second-generation strains, which include engineered yeast and mesophilic and thermophilic prokaryotes. It is suggested that a thorough understanding of tolerance to common pre-treatment inhibitors should be a major focus in ongoing strain engineering. This review is a useful resource for future metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Taylor
- TMO Renewables Ltd., The Surrey Research Park, Guildford, UK
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14
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Zhu JY, Gleisner R, Scott CT, Luo XL, Tian S. High titer ethanol production from simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of aspen at high solids: a comparison between SPORL and dilute acid pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8921-9. [PMID: 21824766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Native aspen (Populus tremuloides) was pretreated using sulfuric acid and sodium bisulfite (SPORL) and dilute sulfuric acid alone (DA). Simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted at 18% solids using commercial enzymes with cellulase loadings ranging from 6 to 15 FPU/g glucan and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5. Compared with DA pretreatment, the SPORL pretreatment reduced the energy required for wood chip size-reduction, and reduced mixing energy of the resultant substrate for solid liquefaction. Approximately 60% more ethanol was produced from the solid SPORL substrate (211 L/ton wood at 59 g/L with SSF efficiency of 76%) than from the solid DA substrate (133 L/ton wood at 35 g/L with SSF efficiency 47%) at a cellulase loading of 10 FPU/g glucan after 120 h. When the cellulase loading was increased to 15 FPU/g glucan on the DA substrate, the ethanol yield still remained lower than the SPORL substrate at 10 FPU/g glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA.
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