1
|
Deng M, Yang R, Sun Q, Zhang J, Miao J. Small-molecule inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 improves NK-92MI cell infiltration into ovarian tumours. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:629-642. [PMID: 38501576 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells transferred adoptively in combating solid tumours is limited by challenges such as their difficulty in penetrating tumours from the bloodstream and maintaining viability without the support of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Genetically modified NK-92MI cells, which can release IL-2 to sustain their viability, have been identified as a promising alternative. This adaptation addresses the negative consequences of systemic IL-2 administration. The role of PSD-95/discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding kinase (PBK) in cancer development is recognized, but its effects on immunity are not fully understood. This study explores how PBK expression influences the ability of NK-92MI cells to infiltrate ovarian tumours. Elevated levels of PBK expression have been found in various cancers, including ovarian cancer (OV), with analyses showing higher PBK mRNA levels in tumour tissues compared to normal ones. Immunohistochemistry has confirmed increased PBK expression in OV tissues. Investigations into PBK's role in immune regulation reveal its association with immune cell infiltration, indicating a potentially compromised immune environment in OV with high PBK expression. The small-molecule inhibitor HI-TOPK-032, which inhibits PBK, enhances the cytotoxicity of NK-92MI cells toward OV cells. It increases the production of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α, reduces apoptosis and encourages cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies showed that contact with OV cells treated with HI-TOPK-032 upregulates CD107a on NK-92 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that HI-TOPK-032 improves the antitumour effects of NK-92MI cells in OVCAR3Luc xenografts, extending survival without significant side effects. Safety assessments in mice confirm HI-TOPK-032's favourable safety profile, highlighting its potential as a viable antitumour therapy. These results suggest that combining NK-92MI cells with HI-TOPK-032 enhances antitumour effectiveness against OV, indicating a promising, safe and effective treatment strategy that warrants further clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Deng
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiye Yang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwei Miao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naik A, Lattab B, Qasem H, Decock J. Cancer testis antigens: Emerging therapeutic targets leveraging genomic instability in cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200768. [PMID: 38596293 PMCID: PMC10876628 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer care has witnessed remarkable progress in recent decades, with a wide array of targeted therapies and immune-based interventions being added to the traditional treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, despite these advancements, the challenge of achieving high tumor specificity while minimizing adverse side effects continues to dictate the benefit-risk balance of cancer therapy, guiding clinical decision making. As such, the targeting of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) offers exciting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of cancer since they display highly tumor specific expression patterns, natural immunogenicity and play pivotal roles in various biological processes that are critical for tumor cellular fitness. In this review, we delve deeper into how CTAs contribute to the regulation and maintenance of genomic integrity in cancer, and how these mechanisms can be exploited to specifically target and eradicate tumor cells. We review the current clinical trials targeting aforementioned CTAs, highlight promising pre-clinical data and discuss current challenges and future perspectives for future development of CTA-based strategies that exploit tumor genomic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adviti Naik
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Boucif Lattab
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Qasem
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu H, Qian J, Zhou L, Hu T, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Gu C. FHND004 inhibits malignant proliferation of multiple myeloma by targeting PDZ-binding kinase in MAPK pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4811-4831. [PMID: 38460944 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TKIs) are producing impressive benefits to responsive types of cancers but challenged with drug resistances. FHND drugs are newly modified small molecule inhibitors based on the third-generation EGFR-TKI AZD9291 (Osimertinib) that are mainly for targeting the mutant-selective EGFR, particularly for the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Successful applications of EGFR-TKIs to other cancers are less certain, thus the present pre-clinical study aims to explore the anticancer effect and downstream targets of FHND in multiple myeloma (MM), which is an incurable hematological malignancy and reported to be insensitive to first/second generation EGFR-TKIs (Gefitinib/Afatinib). Cell-based assays revealed that FHND004 and FHND008 significantly inhibited MM cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. The RNA-seq identified the involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway. The protein chip screened PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) as a potential drug target. The interaction between PBK and FHND004 was verified by molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay with site mutation (N124/D125). Moreover, the public clinical datasets showed high expression of PBK was associated with poor clinical outcomes. PBK overexpression evidently promoted the proliferation of two MM cell lines, whereas the FHND004 treatment significantly inhibited survival of 5TMM3VT cell-derived model mice and growth of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. The mechanistic study showed that FHND004 downregulated PBK expression, thus mediating ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the MAPK pathway. Our study not only demonstrates PBK as a promising novel target of FHND004 to inhibit MM cell proliferation, but also expands the EGFR kinase-independent direction for developing anti-myeloma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianxin Zhou
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanjiao Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kato M, Ota A, Ono T, Karnan S, Hyodo T, Rahman ML, Hasan MN, Onda M, Kondo S, Ito K, Furuhashi A, Hayashi T, Konishi H, Tsuzuki S, Hosokawa Y, Kazaoka Y. PDZ-binding kinase inhibitor OTS514 suppresses the proliferation of oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oral Dis 2024; 30:223-234. [PMID: 36799330 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) has been reported as a poor prognostic factor and is a promising molecular target for anticancer therapeutics. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of specific PBK inhibitor OTS514 on the survival of OSCC cells. METHODS Four OSCC cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, SAS, and OSC-19) were used to examine the effect of OTS514 on cell survival and apoptosis. DNA microarray analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of OTS514 on gene expression in OSCC cells. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to identify molecular signatures related to the antiproliferative effect of OTS514. RESULTS OTS514 decreased the cell survival of OSCC cells dose-dependently, and administration of OTS514 readily suppressed the HSC-2-derived tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Treatment with OTS514 significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3/7 activity. Importantly, OTS514 suppressed the expression of E2F target genes with a marked decrease in protein levels of E2F1, a transcriptional factor. Moreover, TP53 knockdown attenuated OTS514-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION OTS514 suppressed the proliferation of OSCC cells by downregulating the expression of E2F target genes and induced apoptosis by mediating the p53 signaling pathway. These results highlight the clinical application of PBK inhibitors in the development of molecular-targeted therapeutics against OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Md Lutfur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Muhammad Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Maho Onda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kondo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akifumi Furuhashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tomio Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kazaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morales-Martínez M, Vega MI. p38 Molecular Targeting for Next-Generation Multiple Myeloma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:256. [PMID: 38254747 PMCID: PMC10813990 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy and disease progression are the main causes of mortality in most cancers. In particular, the development of resistance is an important limitation affecting the efficacy of therapeutic alternatives for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Signaling pathways are largely responsible for the mechanisms of resistance to cancer treatment and progression, and multiple myeloma is no exception. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) is downstream of several signaling pathways specific to treatment resistance and progression. Therefore, in recent years, developing therapeutic alternatives directed at p38 has been of great interest, in order to reverse chemotherapy resistance and prevent progression. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of p38, including recent advances in our understanding of its expression and activity as well as its isoforms, and its possible clinical role based on the mechanisms of resistance and progression in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morales-Martínez
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Mario I. Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology and Clinical Nutrition Division, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA Medical Center, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu W, Xu J, Gao D, Xie Z, Chen W, Li W, Yuan Q, Duan L, Zhang Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Dong Z, Liu K, Jiang Y. TOPK promotes the growth of esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo by enhancing YB1/eEF1A1 signal pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:364. [PMID: 37328464 PMCID: PMC10276051 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-LAK-originated protein kinase (TOPK), a dual specificity serine/threonine kinase, is up-regulated and related to poor prognosis in many types of cancers. Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1) is a DNA/RNA binding protein and serves important roles in multiple cellular processes. Here, we reported that TOPK and YB1 were both highly expressed in esophageal cancer (EC) and correlated with poor prognosis. TOPK knockout effectively suppressed EC cell proliferation and these effects were reversible by rescuing YB1 expression. Notably, TOPK phosphorylated YB1 at Thr 89 (T89) and Ser 209 (S209) amino acid residues, then the phosphorylated YB1 bound with the promoter of the eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (eEF1A1) to activate its transcription. Consequently, the AKT/mTOR signal pathway was activated by up-regulated eEF1A1 protein. Importantly, TOPK inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 suppressed the EC cell proliferation and tumor growth by TOPK/YB1/eEF1A1 signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study reveals that TOPK and YB1 are essential for the growth of EC, and TOPK inhibitors may be applied to retard cell proliferation in EC. This study highlights the promising therapeutic potential of TOPK as a target for treatment of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Jialuo Xu
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenliang Xie
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Lina Duan
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ziming Dong
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun H, Zheng J, Xiao J, Yue J, Shi Z, Xuan Z, Chen C, Zhao Y, Tang W, Ye S, Li J, Deng Q, Zhang L, Zhu F, Shao C. TOPK/PBK is phosphorylated by ERK2 at serine 32, promotes tumorigenesis and is involved in sorafenib resistance in RCC. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:450. [PMID: 35546143 PMCID: PMC9095598 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TOPK/PBK (T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase) is a serine/threonine kinase that is highly expressed in a variety of human tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in many types of human malignancies. Its activation mechanism is not yet fully understood. A bidirectional signal transduced between TOPK and ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2) has been reported, with ERK2 able to phosphorylate TOPK at the Thr9 residue. However, mutated TOPK at Thr9 cannot repress cellular transformation. In the present study, Ser32 was revealed to be a novel phosphorylated site on TOPK that could be activated by ERK2. Phospho-TOPK (S32) was found to be involved in the resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to sorafenib. Herein, combined a TOPK inhibitor with sorafenib could promoted the apoptosis of sorafenib-resistant RCC. High expression of HGF/c-met contributes to activation of p-TOPK (S32) during the development of sorafenib resistance in RCC. The current research presents a possible mechanism of sorafenib resistance in RCC and identifies a potential diagnostic marker for predicting sorafenib resistance in RCC, providing a valuable supplement for the clinically targeted treatment of advanced RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- The Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer precision Medicine of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Novel Onco-Kinases in Target Therapy, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Juntao Yue
- Department of Urology, 985th hospital of PLA, Taiyuan, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zuodong Xuan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbin Tang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shaopei Ye
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiumin Deng
- The Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer precision Medicine of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Public healthy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Novel Onco-Kinases in Target Therapy, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Functional genomics for breast cancer drug target discovery. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:927-935. [PMID: 34285339 PMCID: PMC8384626 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that develops through a multistep process via the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic alterations in various cancer-related genes. Current treatment options for breast cancer patients include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy including conventional cytotoxic and molecular-targeted anticancer drugs for each intrinsic subtype, such as endocrine therapy and antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy. However, these therapies often fail to prevent recurrence and metastasis due to resistance. Overall, understanding the molecular mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis and progression will help to establish therapeutic modalities to improve treatment. The recent development of comprehensive omics technologies has led to the discovery of driver genes, including oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, contributing to the development of molecular-targeted anticancer drugs. Here, we review the development of anticancer drugs targeting cancer-specific functional therapeutic targets, namely, MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase), TOPK (T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase), and BIG3 (brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 3), as identified through comprehensive breast cancer transcriptomics.
Collapse
|
9
|
Thanindratarn P, Wei R, Dean DC, Singh A, Federman N, Nelson SD, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK): an emerging prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3721-3737. [PMID: 34115928 PMCID: PMC8637563 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphokine-activated killer (T-LAK) cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is an emerging target with critical roles in various cancers; however, its expression and function in osteosarcoma remain unexplored. We evaluated TOPK expression using RNA sequencing and gene expression data from public databases (TARGET-OS, CCLE, GTEx, and GENT2) and immunohistochemistry in an osteosarcoma tissue microarray (TMA). TOPK gene expression was significantly higher in osteosarcoma than normal tissues and directly correlated with shorter overall survival. TOPK was overexpressed in 83.3% of the osteosarcoma specimens within our TMA and all osteosarcoma cell lines, whereas normal osteoblast cells had no aberrant expression. High expression of TOPK associated with metastasis, disease status, and shorter overall survival. Silencing of TOPK with small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased cell viability, and inhibition with the selective inhibitor OTS514 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, colony-forming ability, and spheroid growth. Enhanced chemotherapeutic sensitivity and a synergistic effect were also observed with the combination of OTS514 and either doxorubicin or cisplatin in osteosarcoma cell lines. Taken together, our study demonstrated that TOPK is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Sarcoma Service, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang H, Lee MH, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo Z, Kim MO. PBK/TOPK: An Effective Drug Target with Diverse Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092232. [PMID: 34066486 PMCID: PMC8124186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, and addressing its morbidity, mortality, and prevalence is the first step towards appropriate control measures. Over the past several decades, many pharmacologists have worked to identify anti-cancer targets and drug development strategies. Within this timeframe, many natural compounds have been developed to inhibit cancer growth by targeting kinases, such as AKT, AURKA, and TOPK. Kinase assays and computer modeling are considered to be effective and powerful tools for target screening, as they can predict physical interactions between small molecules and their bio-molecular targets. In the present review, we summarize the inhibitors and compounds that target TOPK and describe its role in cancer progression. The extensive body of research that has investigated the contribution of TOPK to cancer suggests that it may be a promising target for cancer therapy. Abstract T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK, also known as PDZ-binding kinase or PBK) plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation and mitotic progression. Abnormal overexpression or activation of TOPK has been observed in many cancers, including colorectal cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and melanoma, and it is associated with increased development, dissemination, and poor clinical outcomes and prognosis in cancer. Moreover, TOPK phosphorylates p38, JNK, ERK, and AKT, which are involved in many cellular functions, and participates in the activation of multiple signaling pathways related to MAPK, PI3K/PTEN/AKT, and NOTCH1; thus, the direct or indirect interactions of TOPK make it a highly attractive yet elusive target for cancer therapy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting TOPK have shown great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer both in vitro and in vivo, even in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting TOPK could be an important approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Thus, the purpose of the present review was to consider and analyze the role of TOPK as a drug target in cancer therapy and describe the recent findings related to its role in tumor development. Moreover, this review provides an overview of the current progress in the discovery and development of TOPK inhibitors, considering future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanamdo 58245, Korea;
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zeayoung Ryoo
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu K, Cheng X, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Wu J. PBK/TOPK Inhibitor Suppresses the Progression of Prolactinomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:706909. [PMID: 35126305 PMCID: PMC8815076 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactinoma is the most common type of pituitary tumors, and its resultant tumor occupying and hormone disturbance greatly damage the health of patients. In this study, we investigated a protein kinase-PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK)/T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase (TOPK) as a candidate protein regulating prolactin (PRL) secretion and tumor growth of prolactinomas. METHODS Downloaded prolactinoma transcriptome dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal pituitary tissues and prolactinoma tissues. Then, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the hub genes were identified. After a literature search, TOPK was presumed as an candidate target regulating the prolactinoma. We found a specific inhibitor of TOPK to investigate its effects on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and PRL secretion of pituitary tumor cells. Finally, the regulation of TOPK inhibitor on its downstream target-p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (p38 MAPK) was detected to explore the potential mechanism. RESULTS A total of 361 DEGs were identified, and 20 hub genes were screened out. TOPK inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 could suppress the proliferation & migration and induce apoptosis of pituitary tumor cells in vitro, and reduce PRL secretion and tumor growth in vivo. HI-TOPK-032 also inhibited the phosphorylation level of the downstream target p38 MAPK, suggesting that TOPK inhibitors regulate the development of prolactinoma by mediating p38 MAPK. CONCLUSION Our study of identification and functional validation of TOPK suggests that this candidate can be a promising molecular target for prolactinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- School of Medicine, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueting Cheng
- The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuman Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiong Wang, ; Yonggang Chen, ; Jinhu Wu,
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiong Wang, ; Yonggang Chen, ; Jinhu Wu,
| | - Jinhu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiong Wang, ; Yonggang Chen, ; Jinhu Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ikeda Y, Sato S, Yabuno A, Shintani D, Ogasawara A, Miwa M, Zewde M, Miyamoto T, Fujiwara K, Nakamura Y, Hasegawa K. High expression of maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK) impacts clinical outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer and its inhibition suppresses ovarian cancer cells growth ex vivo. J Gynecol Oncol 2020; 31:e93. [PMID: 33078598 PMCID: PMC7593222 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is receiving an attention as a therapeutic target in various types of cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of MELK expression in ovarian cancer using clinical samples, and assessed the efficacy of a small molecule MELK inhibitor, OTS167, using patient-derived ovarian cancer cells as well as cell lines. Methods Expression levels of MELK in 11 ovarian cancer cell lines were confirmed by western blotting. Inhibitory concentration of OTS167 was determined by colorimetric assay. MELK messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was evaluated in 228 ovarian cancer patients by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Growth inhibition of OTS167 was also evaluated using freshly-isolated primary ovarian cancer cells including spheroid formation condition. Results MELK mRNA expression was significantly higher in ovarian cancer than in normal ovaries (p<0.001), and high MELK mRNA expression was observed in patients with advanced stage, positive ascites cytology and residual tumor size. Patients with high MELK mRNA expression showed shorter progression-free survival (p=0.001). Expression of MELK was also confirmed in 10 of 11 ovarian cancer cell lines tested, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration of MELK inhibitor, OTS167, ranged from 9.3 to 60 nM. Additionally, OTS167 showed significant growth inhibitory effect against patient-derived ovarian cancer cells, regardless of their tumor locations, histologic subtypes and stages. Conclusions We demonstrated MELK as both a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer using clinical ovarian cancer samples. MELK inhibition by OTS167 may be an effective approach to treat ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.,Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sho Sato
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shintani
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Aiko Ogasawara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Maiko Miwa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Makda Zewde
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thanindratarn P, Dean DC, Nelson SD, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is a Novel Prognostic and Therapeutic Target in Chordoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12901. [PMID: 32960500 PMCID: PMC7574876 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the expression, prognostic value, and functionality of T‐lymphokine‐activated killer (T‐LAK) cell‐originated protein kinase (TOPK) in chordoma pathogenesis. Materials and Methods TOPK expression in chordoma was assessed via immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray (TMA) and correlated with patient clinicopathology. TOPK expression in chordoma cell lines and fresh patient tissues was then evaluated by Western blot. TOPK small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the specific inhibitor OTS514 were applied to determine the roles of TOPK in chordoma pathogenicity. The effect of TOPK expression on chordoma cell clonogenicity was also investigated using clonogenic assays. A 3D cell culture model was utilized to mimic in vivo environment to validate the effect of TOPK inhibition on chordoma cells. Results TOPK was highly expressed in 78.2% of the chordoma specimens in the TMA and all chordoma cell lines. High TOPK expression significantly correlated with metastasis, recurrence, disease status and shorter overall survival. Knockdown of TOPK with specific siRNA resulted in significantly decrease chordoma cell viability. Inhibition of TOPK with OTS514 significantly inhibited chordoma cell growth and proliferation, colony‐forming capacity and ex vivo spheroid growth. Conclusions High expression of TOPK is an important predictor of poor prognosis in chordoma. Inhibition of TOPK resulted in significantly decrease chordoma cell proliferation and increase apoptosis. Our results indicate TOPK as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chulabhorn hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stefka AT, Johnson D, Rosebeck S, Park JH, Nakamura Y, Jakubowiak AJ. Potent anti-myeloma activity of the TOPK inhibitor OTS514 in pre-clinical models. Cancer Med 2019; 9:324-334. [PMID: 31714026 PMCID: PMC6943155 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) continues to be considered incurable, necessitating new drug discovery. The mitotic kinase T‐LAK cell‐originated protein kinase/PDZ‐binding kinase (TOPK/PBK) is associated with proliferation of tumor cells, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and poor patient prognosis in many cancers. In this report, we demonstrate potent anti‐myeloma effects of the TOPK inhibitor OTS514 for the first time. OTS514 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at nanomolar concentrations in a series of human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) and prevents outgrowth of a putative CD138+ stem cell population from MM patient‐derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In bone marrow cells from MM patients, OTS514 treatment exhibited preferential killing of the malignant CD138+ plasma cells compared with the CD138− compartment. In an aggressive mouse xenograft model, OTS964 given orally at 100 mg/kg 5 days per week was well tolerated and reduced tumor size by 48%‐81% compared to control depending on the initial graft size. FOXO3 and its transcriptional targets CDKN1A (p21) and CDKN1B (p27) were elevated and apoptosis was induced with OTS514 treatment of HMCLs. TOPK inhibition also induced loss of FOXM1 and disrupted AKT, p38 MAPK, and NF‐κB signaling. The effects of OTS514 were independent of p53 mutation or deletion status. Combination treatment of HMCLs with OTS514 and lenalidomide produced synergistic effects, providing a rationale for the evaluation of TOPK inhibition in existing myeloma treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Stefka
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shaun Rosebeck
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|