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Kwong JMK, Caprioli J, Lee JCY, Song Y, Yu FJ, Bian J, Sze YH, Li KK, Do CW, To CH, Lam TC. Differential Responses of Retinal Neurons and Glia Revealed via Proteomic Analysis on Primary and Secondary Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12109. [PMID: 37569482 PMCID: PMC10418669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the temporal profile of retinal proteomes specific to primary and secondary retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Unilateral partial optic nerve transection (pONT) was performed on the temporal side of the rat optic nerve. Temporal and nasal retinal samples were collected at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after pONT (n = 4 each) for non-biased profiling with a high-resolution hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry running on label-free SWATHTM acquisition (SCIEX). An information-dependent acquisition ion library was generated using ProteinPilot 5.0 and OneOmics cloud bioinformatics. Combined proteome analysis detected 2531 proteins with a false discovery rate of <1%. Compared to the nasal retina, 10, 25 and 61 significantly regulated proteins were found in the temporal retina at 1, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively (p < 0.05, FC ≥ 1.4 or ≤0.7). Eight proteins (ALDH1A1, TRY10, GFAP, HBB-B1, ALB, CDC42, SNCG, NEFL) were differentially expressed for at least two time points. The expressions of ALDH1A1 and SNCG at nerve fibers were decreased along with axonal loss. Increased ALDH1A1 localization in the inner nuclear layer suggested stress response. Increased GFAP expression demonstrated regional reactivity of astrocytes and Muller cells. Meta-analysis of gene ontology showed a pronounced difference in endopeptidase and peptidase inhibitor activity. Temporal proteomic profiling demonstrates established and novel protein targets associated with RGC damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky M. K. Kwong
- Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Joanne C. Y. Lee
- Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yifan Song
- Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Feng-Juan Yu
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (F.-J.Y.); (J.B.); (Y.-H.S.); (K.-K.L.); (C.-W.D.); (C.-H.T.)
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingfang Bian
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (F.-J.Y.); (J.B.); (Y.-H.S.); (K.-K.L.); (C.-W.D.); (C.-H.T.)
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Hon Sze
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (F.-J.Y.); (J.B.); (Y.-H.S.); (K.-K.L.); (C.-W.D.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - King-Kit Li
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (F.-J.Y.); (J.B.); (Y.-H.S.); (K.-K.L.); (C.-W.D.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chi-Wai Do
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (F.-J.Y.); (J.B.); (Y.-H.S.); (K.-K.L.); (C.-W.D.); (C.-H.T.)
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ho To
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (F.-J.Y.); (J.B.); (Y.-H.S.); (K.-K.L.); (C.-W.D.); (C.-H.T.)
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Chuen Lam
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (F.-J.Y.); (J.B.); (Y.-H.S.); (K.-K.L.); (C.-W.D.); (C.-H.T.)
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518052, China
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Zanotti LC, Malizia F, Cesatti Laluce N, Avila A, Mamberto M, Anselmino LE, Menacho-Márquez M. Synuclein Proteins in Cancer Development and Progression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:980. [PMID: 37371560 PMCID: PMC10296229 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleins are a family of small, soluble proteins mainly expressed in neural tissue and in certain tumors. Since their discovery, tens of thousands of scientific reports have been published about this family of proteins as they are associated with severe human diseases. Although the physiological function of these proteins is still elusive, their relationship with neurodegeneration and cancer has been clearly described over the years. In this review, we summarize data connecting synucleins and cancer, going from the structural description of these molecules to their involvement in tumor-related processes, and discuss the putative use of these proteins as cancer molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía C. Zanotti
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Suipacha 660, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario, Red de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario (RICaR), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Florencia Malizia
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Suipacha 660, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario, Red de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario (RICaR), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nahuel Cesatti Laluce
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Suipacha 660, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario, Red de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario (RICaR), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Aylén Avila
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Suipacha 660, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario, Red de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario (RICaR), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Macarena Mamberto
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Suipacha 660, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario, Red de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario (RICaR), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luciano E. Anselmino
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Suipacha 660, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario, Red de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario (RICaR), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR), Suipacha 660, Rosario 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario, Red de Investigación del Cáncer de Rosario (RICaR), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Li Y, Pan Q, Cheng M, Wu Z. Identification and validation of anoikis-associated gene SNCG as a prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2541-2553. [PMID: 36996495 PMCID: PMC10120907 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Anoikis is a newly discovered form of apoptosis that was originally identified in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent studies have reported that anoikis is central to cancer metastasis. Here, SNCG was identified as hub anoikis-associated gene in GC and associated with prognosis of patients with GC. To screen the hub anoikis-associated genes connected to GC, the database of Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was employed. For further validating these identified genes, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was applied, and Western blotting and quantitative Real-Time PCR were carried out. To identify hub genes, we conducted the analyses of univariate Cox regression, differential expression, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). According to the identified hub genes, we constructed a model of prognosis. Following complex analysis, SNCG was finally identified as hub anoikis-associated gene in GC. Indeed, K-M and receiver operating characteristic analyses suggested that the expression patterns of SNCG can be used as prognostic factors for GC survival. The expression and survival trends of SNCG were verified in the validation cohort and in vitro experimental analyses. The analysis of immune cell infiltration showed that the infiltrated immune cells varied among patients with GC and gene SNCG. Furthermore, due to the significant association of the constructed risk signature with patient age and survival, this risk signature can be used to predict the prognosis of GC. We suggest that SNCG was served as hub anoikis-associated gene in GC. Meanwhile, SNCG may have prognostic potential for overall patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Operating Room, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Mingxia Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wu
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
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Nadal-Nicolás FM, Galindo-Romero C, Lucas-Ruiz F, Marsh-Amstrong N, Li W, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Pan-retinal ganglion cell markers in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques. Zool Res 2023; 44:226-248. [PMID: 36594396 PMCID: PMC9841181 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Univocal identification of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is an essential prerequisite for studying their degeneration and neuroprotection. Before the advent of phenotypic markers, RGCs were normally identified using retrograde tracing of retinorecipient areas. This is an invasive technique, and its use is precluded in higher mammals such as monkeys. In the past decade, several RGC markers have been described. Here, we reviewed and analyzed the specificity of nine markers used to identify all or most RGCs, i.e., pan-RGC markers, in rats, mice, and macaques. The best markers in the three species in terms of specificity, proportion of RGCs labeled, and indicators of viability were BRN3A, expressed by vision-forming RGCs, and RBPMS, expressed by vision- and non-vision-forming RGCs. NEUN, often used to identify RGCs, was expressed by non-RGCs in the ganglion cell layer, and therefore was not RGC-specific. γ-SYN, TUJ1, and NF-L labeled the RGC axons, which impaired the detection of their somas in the central retina but would be good for studying RGC morphology. In rats, TUJ1 and NF-L were also expressed by non-RGCs. BM88, ERRβ, and PGP9.5 are rarely used as markers, but they identified most RGCs in the rats and macaques and ERRβ in mice. However, PGP9.5 was also expressed by non-RGCs in rats and macaques and BM88 and ERRβ were not suitable markers of viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Nadal-Nicolás
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2510, USA
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Nicholas Marsh-Amstrong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2510, USA
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain. E-mail:
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain. E-mail:
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Liu Q, Ma Z, Cao Q, Zhao H, Guo Y, Liu T, Li J. Perineural invasion-associated biomarkers for tumor development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113691. [PMID: 36095958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is the process of neoplastic invasion of peripheral nerves and is considered to be the fifth mode of cancer metastasis. PNI has been detected in head and neck tumors and pancreatic, prostate, bile duct, gastric, and colorectal cancers. It leads to poor prognostic outcomes and high local recurrence rates. Despite the increasing number of studies on PNI, targeted therapeutic modalities have not been proposed. The identification of PNI-related biomarkers would facilitate the non-invasive and early diagnosis of cancers, the establishment of prognostic panels, and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we compile information on the molecular mediators involved in PNI-associated cancers. The expression and prognostic significance of molecular mediators and their receptors in PNI-associated cancers are analyzed, and the possible mechanisms of action of these mediators in PNI are explored, as well as the association of cells in the microenvironment where PNI occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Education, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Pan Y, Zheng Y, Yang J, Wei Y, Wu H, Liu S, Yin A, Hu J, Zeng Y. A new biomarker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer: gastric juice- and serum-derived SNCG. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3179-3190. [PMID: 35947016 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the possibility of gastric juice (GJ)- and serum-derived SNCG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC). Materials & methods: GJ and serum samples were collected from 87 patients with GC, 38 patients with gastric precancerous lesions and 44 healthy volunteers. The levels of SNCG in GJ and serum samples were detected by ELISA. Results: The levels of SNCG in GJ and serum were significantly higher in the GC group when compared with the GPL group or the control group. The expression of SNCG in GJ and serum was associated with tumor node metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size and drinking, and it is important for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings highlight the significance of SNCG in GC diagnosis and prognosis and implicate SNCG as a promising candidate for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Pan
- Precision Clinical Laboratory, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Disease, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Wei
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hanrui Wu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aihua Yin
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Precision Clinical Laboratory, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Takemura Y, Ojima H, Oshima G, Shinoda M, Hasegawa Y, Kitago M, Yagi H, Abe Y, Hori S, Fujii‐Nishimura Y, Kubota N, Masuda Y, Hibi T, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y. Gamma-synuclein is a novel prognostic marker that promotes tumor cell migration in biliary tract carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5599-5613. [PMID: 34245137 PMCID: PMC8366101 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma‐synuclein (SNCG) promotes invasive behavior and is reportedly a prognostic factor in a range of cancers. However, its role in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) remains unknown. Consequently, we investigated the clinicopathological significance and function of SNCG in BTC. Using resected BTC specimens from 147 patients with adenocarcinoma (extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [ECC, n = 96]; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [ICC, n = 51]), we immunohistochemically evaluated SNCG expression and investigated its correlation with clinicopathological factors and outcomes. Furthermore, cell lines with high SNCG expression were selected from 16 BTC cell lines and these underwent cell proliferation and migration assays by siRNAs. In the results, SNCG expression was present in 22 of 96 (22.9%) ECC patients and in 10 of 51 (19.6%) ICC patients. SNCG expression was significantly correlated with poorly differentiated tumor in both ECC and ICC (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) and with perineural invasion and lymph node metastases in ECC (p = 0.04 and 0.003, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that SNCG expression was an independent poor prognostic factor in both OS and RFS in both ECC and ICC. In vitro analyses showed high SNCG expression in three BTC cell lines (NCC‐BD1, NCC‐BD3, and NCC‐CC6‐1). Functional analysis revealed that SNCG silencing could suppress cell migration in NCC‐BD1 and NCC‐CC6‐1 and downregulate cell proliferation in NCC‐CC6‐1 significantly. In conclusion, SNCG may promote tumor cell activity and is potentially a novel prognostic marker in BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takemura
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of PathologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Department of PathologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Go Oshima
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shutaro Hori
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Fujii‐Nishimura
- Department of PathologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of PathologyInternational University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of PathologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and TransplantationKumamoto University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamotoJapan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of PathologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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