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Alkahtane AA, Alghamdi HA, Almutairi B, Khan MM, Hasnain MS, Abdel-Daim MM, Alghamdi WM, Alkahtani S. Inhibition of human amylin aggregation by Flavonoid Chrysin: An in-silico and in-vitro approach. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:199-206. [PMID: 33390788 PMCID: PMC7738956 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin), consecrated by the pancreatic β-cells with insulin, has a significant role to play in maintaining homeostasis of islet cell hormones. Alzheimer's disease is the predominant source of dementia. However, its etiology remains uncertain; it appears that type 2 diabetes mellitus and other prediabetic states of insulin resistance contribute to the intermittent Alzheimer's disease presence. Amylin is abnormally elevated in Type II diabetes patients, accumulated into amylin aggregates, and ultimately causes apoptosis of the β-cells, and till date, its mechanism remains unclear. Several flavonoids have inhibitory effects on amylin amyloidosis, but its inhibition mechanisms are unknown. Screening a collection of traditional compounds revealed the flavone Chrysin, a potential lead compound. Chrysin inhibits amyloid aggregate formation according to Thioflavin T binding, turbidimetry assay. We report results of molecular interaction analysis of Chrysin with amylin which shows potent binding affinity against amylin. Pharmacokinetics and Drug likeness studies of Chrysin also suggest that it is a potential lead compound. Therefore, Chrysin prevented amylin aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alkahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah A Alghamdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Muazzam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, NH-24, Rajabpur, Gajraula, Amroha - 244236, U.P., India
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Wadha M Alghamdi
- Medical Services at the Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhang W, Sun J, Zhu H, Yue R, Zhang Y, Niu F, Rong L. An efficient synthesis of spiroacridinone derivatives from the facile reaction of isatins, dimedone, and 5‐aminoindazole (6‐aminoindazole or 5‐aminoindole). J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Ting Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu/Sweet Potato Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xuzhou China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Jian Sun
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu/Sweet Potato Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xuzhou China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu/Sweet Potato Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xuzhou China
| | - Rui‐Xue Yue
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu/Sweet Potato Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xuzhou China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu/Sweet Potato Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xuzhou China
| | - Fu‐Xiang Niu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu/Sweet Potato Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xuzhou China
| | - Liangce Rong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
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3
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Kumar S, Kumar S, Ram H. Anti-Aggregation Property of Allicin by In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519866185. [PMID: 31384132 PMCID: PMC6664621 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519866185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenesis is the process in which amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation
results in plaque formation in central nervous system (CNS) are associated with
many neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The peptide aggregation
initiated from peptide monomers results in formation of dimers, tetramers,
fibrils, and protofibrils. The ability of allicin, a lipid-soluble volatile
organosulfur biological compound, present in freshly crushed garlic
(Allium sativum L.) to inhibit fibril formation by the Aβ
peptide in vitro was investigated in the present study. Inhibition of
fibrillogenesis was measured by a Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and
visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interaction
between allicin and Aβ peptide was also demonstrated by in silico studies. The
results show that allicin strongly inhibited Aβ fibrils by 97% at 300 µM,
compared with control (Aβ only) (P < .001). These results
were further validated by visual of fibril formation by transmission microscopy
and molecular interaction of amyloid peptide with allicin by molecular docking.
Aβ forms favourable hydrophobic interaction with Ile32, Met35, Val36, and Val39,
and oxygen of allicin forms hydrogen bond with the amino acid residue Lys28.
Allicin anti-amyloidogenic property suggests that this naturally occurring
compound may have potential to ameliorate and prevent Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | - Shivani Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India
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4
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de Castro AA, Soares FV, Pereira AF, Polisel DA, Caetano MS, Leal DHS, da Cunha EFF, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Non-conventional compounds with potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:375-395. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1608823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ander F. Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Polisel
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Melissa S. Caetano
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel H. S. Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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5
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Effect of Varying Concentrations of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Amyloid Beta (1⁻42) Aggregation: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123089. [PMID: 30486385 PMCID: PMC6321163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare has advanced significantly, bringing with it longer life expectancies and a growing population of elders who suffer from dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide has been implicated in the cause of AD, where the peptides undergo a conformational change and form neurotoxic amyloid oligomers which cause neuronal cell death. While AD has no cure, preventative measures are being designed to either slow down or stop the progression of this neurodegenerative disease. One of these measures involves dietary supplements with polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This omega-3 fatty acid is a key component of brain development and has been suggested to reduce the progression of cognitive decline. However, different studies have yielded different results as to whether DHA has positive, negative, or no effects on Aβ fibril formation. We believe that these discrepancies can be explained with varying concentrations of DHA. Here, we test the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of DHA on amyloid fibril formation using atomic force microscopy. Our results show that DHA has a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ1–42 fibril formation at lower concentrations (50% reduction in fibril length) than higher concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (70% increase in fibril length and three times the length of those at lower concentrations). We provide evidence that various concentrations of DHA can play a role in the inhibitory effects of amyloid fibril formation in vitro and help explain the discrepancies observed in previous studies.
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Prasher P, Sharma M. Medicinal chemistry of acridine and its analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1589-1618. [PMID: 30429967 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
'Acridine' along with its functional analogue 'Acridone' is the most privileged pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry with diverse applications ranging from DNA intercalators, endonuclease mimics, ratiometric selective ion sensors, and P-glycoprotein inhibitors in countering the multi-drug resistance, enzyme inhibitors, and reversals of neurodegenerative disorders. Their interaction with DNA and ability of selectively identifying numerous biologically useful ions has cemented exploitability of the acridone nucleus in modern day therapeutics. Additionally, most derivatives and salts of acridine are planar, crystalline, and stable displaying a strong fluorescence which, when coupled with their marked bio selectivity and low cytotoxicity, enables the studying and monitoring of several biochemical, metabolic, and pharmacological processes. In this review, a detailed picture covering the important therapeutic aspects of the acridone nucleus and its functional analogues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India.,Department of Chemistry , University of Petroleum & Energy Studies , Dehradun 248007 , India . ;
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India
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7
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Jha NN, Kumar R, Panigrahi R, Navalkar A, Ghosh D, Sahay S, Mondal M, Kumar A, Maji SK. Comparison of α-Synuclein Fibril Inhibition by Four Different Amyloid Inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2722-2733. [PMID: 28872299 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) into toxic oligomers and fibrils leads to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Molecules that can inhibit the fibrillization and oligomerization of α-Syn have potential therapeutic value. Here, we studied four selective amyloid inhibitors: dopamine (Dopa), amphotericin-B (Amph), epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), and quinacrinedihydrochloride (Quin) for their effect on oligomerization, fibrillization, and preformed fibrils of α-Syn. The aggregation kinetics of α-Syn using ThT fluorescence and conformational transition by circular dichroism (CD) in the presence and absence of these four compounds suggest that, except Quin, the remaining three molecules inhibit α-Syn aggregation in a concentration dependent manner. Consistent with the aggregation kinetics data, the morphological study of aggregates formed in the presence of these compounds showed corresponding decrease in fibrillar size. The analysis of cell viability using MTT assay showed reduction in toxicity of α-Syn aggregates formed in the presence of these compounds, which also correlates with reduction of exposed hydrophobic surface as studied by ANS binding. Additionally, these inhibitors, except Quin, demonstrated reduction in size as well as the toxicity of oligomeric/fibrillar aggregates of α-Syn. The residue specific interaction to low molecular weight (LMW) species of α-Syn by 2D NMR study revealed that, the region and extent of binding are different for all these molecules. Furthermore, fibril-binding data using SPR suggested that there is no direct relationship between the binding affinity and fibril inhibition by these compounds. The present study suggests that sequence based interaction of small molecules with soluble α-Syn might dictate their inhibition or modulation capacity, which might be helpful in designing modulators of α-Syn aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Nath Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Shruti Sahay
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Mritunjoy Mondal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Samir. K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
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8
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Kumar M, Hong Y, Thorn DC, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Monitoring Early-Stage Protein Aggregation by an Aggregation-Induced Emission Fluorogen. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9322-9329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Kumar
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
- School of
Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - David C. Thorn
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School
of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research
Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - John A. Carver
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
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9
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Multi-target-directed therapeutic potential of 7-methoxytacrine-adamantylamine heterodimers in the Alzheimer's disease treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:607-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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11
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Viet MH, Siposova K, Bednarikova Z, Antosova A, Nguyen TT, Gazova Z, Li MS. In Silico and in Vitro Study of Binding Affinity of Tripeptides to Amyloid β Fibrils: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5145-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Hoang Viet
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarina Siposova
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University, Srobarova 2, 041
54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bednarikova
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University, Srobarova 2, 041
54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Antosova
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University, Srobarova 2, 041
54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Truc Trang Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward,
District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Zuzana Gazova
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Huy PDQ, Li MS. Binding of fullerenes to amyloid beta fibrils: size matters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20030-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Whiteley CG. Arginine metabolising enzymes as targets against Alzheimers’ disease. Neurochem Int 2014; 67:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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He C, Han Y, Zhu L, Deng M, Wang Y. Modulation of Aβ(1–40) Peptide Fibrillar Architectures by Aβ-Based Peptide Amphiphiles. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10475-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4044286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian He
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Han
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Manli Deng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Stevens CB, Hanna JM, Lammi RK. Synthesis of tetrahydroxybiphenyls and tetrahydroxyterphenyls and their evaluation as amyloid-β aggregation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1703-6. [PMID: 23403086 PMCID: PMC3594554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydroxybiphenyl and three isomeric 3,3″,4,4″-tetrahydroxyterphenyls with varying geometries around the central phenyl ring have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activity against aggregation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Results from Congo red spectral-shift assays reveal that all four compounds successfully inhibit association of Aβ monomers. For the tetrahydroxyterphenyls, efficacy varies with linker geometry: the ortho-arrangement affords the most successful inhibition and the para-geometry the least, perhaps due to differing abilities of these compounds to bind Aβ. Of the four small molecules studied, 3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl is the most effective inhibitor, reducing Aβ aggregation by 50% when present in stoichiometric concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Geology, Winthrop University, 101 Sims Science Building, Rock Hill, SC 29733
| | - James M. Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Geology, Winthrop University, 101 Sims Science Building, Rock Hill, SC 29733
| | - Robin K. Lammi
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Geology, Winthrop University, 101 Sims Science Building, Rock Hill, SC 29733
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Shukla SP, Tiwari R, Verma AK. Silver-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of acridines, quinolines, and naphthalenes from 3-(2-alkynyl)aryl-β-ketoesters. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Ngo ST, Li MS. Curcumin binds to Aβ1-40 peptides and fibrils stronger than ibuprofen and naproxen. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10165-75. [PMID: 22877239 DOI: 10.1021/jp302506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Binding of curcumin, naproxen, and ibuprofen to Aβ1-40 peptide and its fibrils is studied by docking method and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The Gromos96 43a1 force field and simple point charge model of water have been used for molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that if the receptor is a monomer then naproxen and ibuprofen are bound to the same place that is different from the binding position of curcumin. However all of three ligands have the same binding pocket in fibrillar structures. The binding mechanism is studied in detail showing that the van der Waals interaction between ligand and receptor dominates over the electrostatic interaction. The binding free energies obtained by the molecular mechanic-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area method indicate that curcumin displays higher binding affinity than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Our results are in good agreement with the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Tung Ngo
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology , 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and
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18
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Thomas V, Góis A, Ritts B, Burke P, Hänscheid T, McDonnell G. A novel way to grow hemozoin-like crystals in vitro and its use to screen for hemozoin inhibiting antimalarial compounds. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41006. [PMID: 22815894 PMCID: PMC3399802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemozoin crystals are normally formed in vivo by Plasmodium parasites to detoxify free heme released after hemoglobin digestion during its intraerythrocytic stage. Inhibition of hemozoin formation by various drugs results in free heme concentration toxic for the parasites. As a consequence, in vitro assays have been developed to screen and select candidate antimalarial drugs based on their capacity to inhibit hemozoin formation. In this report we describe new ways to form hemozoin-like crystals that were incidentally discovered during research in the field of prion inactivation. METHODS We investigated the use of a new assay based on naturally occurring "self-replicating" particles and previously described as presenting resistance to decontamination comparable to prions. The nature of these particles was determined using electron microscopy, Maldi-Tof analysis and X-ray diffraction. They were compared to synthetic hemozoin and to hemozoin obtained from Plasmodium falciparum. We then used the assay to evaluate the capacity of various antimalarial and anti-prion compounds to inhibit "self-replication" (crystallisation) of these particles. RESULTS We identified these particles as being similar to ferriprotoporphyrin IX crystal and confirmed the ability of these particles to serve as nuclei for growth of new hemozoin-like crystals (HLC). HLC are morphologically similar to natural and synthetic hemozoin. Growth of HLC in a simple assay format confirmed inhibition by quinolines antimalarials at potencies described in the literature. Interestingly, artemisinins and tetracyclines also seemed to inhibit HLC growth. CONCLUSIONS The described HLC assay is simple and easy to perform and may have the potential to be used as an additional tool to screen antimalarial drugs for their hemozoin inhibiting activity. As already described by others, drugs that inhibit hemozoin crystal formation have also the potential to inhibit misfolded proteins assemblies formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Góis
- Unidade de Microbiologia Molecular e Infecção, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruce Ritts
- STERIS Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Peter Burke
- STERIS Corporation, Mentor, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Hänscheid
- Unidade de Microbiologia Molecular e Infecção, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Ahn M, Ghaemmaghami S, Huang Y, Phuan PW, May BCH, Giles K, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB. Pharmacokinetics of quinacrine efflux from mouse brain via the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39112. [PMID: 22768295 PMCID: PMC3388068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipophilic cationic compound quinacrine has been used as an antimalarial drug for over 75 years but its pharmacokinetic profile is limited. Here, we report on the pharmacokinetic properties of quinacrine in mice. Following an oral dose of 40 mg/kg/day for 30 days, quinacrine concentration in the brain of wild-type mice was maintained at a concentration of ∼1 µM. As a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter, quinacrine is actively exported from the brain, preventing its accumulation to levels that may show efficacy in some disease models. In the brains of P-gp-deficient Mdr1(0/0) mice, we found quinacrine reached concentrations of ∼80 µM without any signs of acute toxicity. Additionally, we examined the distribution and metabolism of quinacrine in the wild-type and Mdr1(0/0) brains. In wild-type mice, the co-administration of cyclosporin A, a known P-gp inhibitor, resulted in a 6-fold increase in the accumulation of quinacrine in the brain. Our findings argue that the inhibition of the P-gp efflux transporter should improve the poor pharmacokinetic properties of quinacrine in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misol Ahn
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sina Ghaemmaghami
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Puay-Wah Phuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Barnaby C. H. May
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt Giles
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. DeArmond
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley B. Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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20
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Geng J, Li M, Wu L, Ren J, Qu X. Liberation of copper from amyloid plaques: making a risk factor useful for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9146-55. [PMID: 22663067 DOI: 10.1021/jm3003813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial syndrome. Metal chelator and Aβ inhibitor are showing promise against AD. In this report, three small hybrid compounds (1, 2, and 3) have been designed and synthesized utilizing salicylaldehyde (SA) based Schiff bases as the chelators and benzothiazole (BT) as the recognition moiety for AD treatment. These conjugates can capture Cu(2+) from Aβ and become dimers upon Cu(2+) coordination and show high efficiency for both Cu(2+) elimination and Aβ assembly inhibition. Besides, the complexes have superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and significant antioxidant capacity and are capable of decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing cell viability. All these results indicate that the multifunctional metal complexes which have Aβ specific recognition moiety and metal ion chelating elements show the potential for AD treatment. Therefore, our work will provide new insights into exploration of more potent amyloid inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Geng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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21
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Kumar S, Okello EJ, Harris JR. Experimental inhibition of fibrillogenesis and neurotoxicity by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and other disease-related peptides/proteins by plant extracts and herbal compounds. Subcell Biochem 2012; 65:295-326. [PMID: 23225009 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5416-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillogenesis and associated cyto/neurotoxicity are major pathological events and hallmarks in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The understanding of Aβ molecular pathogenesis is currently a pharmacological target for rational drug design and discovery based on reduction of Aβ generation, inhibition of Aβ fibrillogenesis and aggregation, enhancement of Aβ clearance and amelioration of associated cytotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms for other amyloidoses, such as transthyretin amyloidosis, AL-amyloidosis, as well as α-synuclein and prion protein are also pharmacological targets for current drug therapy, design and discovery. We report on natural herbal compounds and extracts that are capable binding to and inhibiting different targets associated with AD and other amyloid-associated diseases, providing a basis for future therapeutic strategies. Many herbal compounds, including curcumin, galantamine, quercetin and other polyphenols, are under active investigation and hold considerable potential for future prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as systemic amyloid diseases. A common emerging theme throughout many studies is the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the compounds or herbal extracts under investigation, within the context of the inhibition of cyto/neurotoxicity and anti-amyloid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, 10075, Dwarka, Delhi, India,
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22
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Viet MH, Ngo ST, Lam NS, Li MS. Inhibition of Aggregation of Amyloid Peptides by Beta-Sheet Breaker Peptides and Their Binding Affinity. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7433-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1116728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Hoang Viet
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Sy Lam
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Vietnam
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Oz M, Lorke DE, Hasan M, Petroianu GA. Cellular and molecular actions of Methylene Blue in the nervous system. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:93-117. [PMID: 19760660 DOI: 10.1002/med.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB), following its introduction to biology in the 19th century by Ehrlich, has found uses in various areas of medicine and biology. At present, MB is the first line of treatment in methemoglobinemias, is used frequently in the treatment of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and is routinely employed as a diagnostic tool in surgical procedures. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that MB has beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease and memory improvement. Although the modulation of the cGMP pathway is considered the most significant effect of MB, mediating its pharmacological actions, recent studies indicate that it has multiple cellular and molecular targets. In the majority of cases, biological effects and clinical applications of MB are dictated by its unique physicochemical properties including its planar structure, redox chemistry, ionic charges, and light spectrum characteristics. In this review article, these physicochemical features and the actions of MB on multiple cellular and molecular targets are discussed with regard to their relevance to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Oz
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
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24
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Neuroactive Multifunctional Tacrine Congeners with Cholinesterase, Anti-Amyloid Aggregation and Neuroprotective Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4053961 DOI: 10.3390/ph4020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ouberai M, Brannstrom K, Vestling M, Olofsson A, Dumy P, Chierici S, Garcia J. Clicked tacrine conjugates as acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid directed compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1140-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Bongarzone S, Tran HNA, Cavalli A, Roberti M, Carloni P, Legname G, Bolognesi ML. Parallel Synthesis, Evaluation, and Preliminary Structure−Activity Relationship of 2,5-Diamino-1,4-benzoquinones as a Novel Class of Bivalent Anti-Prion Compound. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8197-201. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100882t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bongarzone
- Statistical and Biological Physics Sector, Neurobiology Sector, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, SISSA-ISAS Unit, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Statistical and Biological Physics Sector, Neurobiology Sector, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, SISSA-ISAS Unit, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-INFM-DEMOCRITOS Modeling Center for Research in Atomistic Simulation, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Sanghamitra NJ, Varghese N, Rao C. Effect of curcumin and Cu2+/Zn2+ ions on the fibrillar aggregates formed by the amyloid peptide and other peptides at the organic–aqueous interface. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Bartolini M, Andrisano V. Strategies for the Inhibition of Protein Aggregation in Human Diseases. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1018-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Rogness DC, Larock RC. Synthesis of acridines by the [4 + 2] annulation of arynes and 2-aminoaryl ketones. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2289-95. [PMID: 20222700 PMCID: PMC2852258 DOI: 10.1021/jo1000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-aminoaryl ketones and arynes generated by the treatment of various o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates with CsF results in [4 + 2] annulation to afford substituted acridines in good yields.
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30
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Sasvari Z, Bach S, Blondel M, Nagy PD. Inhibition of RNA recruitment and replication of an RNA virus by acridine derivatives with known anti-prion activities. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7376. [PMID: 19823675 PMCID: PMC2757906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small molecule inhibitors of RNA virus replication are potent antiviral drugs and useful to dissect selected steps in the replication process. To identify antiviral compounds against Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a model positive stranded RNA virus, we tested acridine derivatives, such as chlorpromazine (CPZ) and quinacrine (QC), which are active against prion-based diseases. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we report that CPZ and QC compounds inhibited TBSV RNA accumulation in plants and in protoplasts. In vitro assays revealed that the inhibitory effects of these compounds were manifested at different steps of TBSV replication. QC was shown to have an effect on multiple steps, including: (i) inhibition of the selective binding of the p33 replication protein to the viral RNA template, which is required for recruitment of viral RNA for replication; (ii) reduction of minus-strand synthesis by the tombusvirus replicase; and (iii) inhibition of translation of the uncapped TBSV genomic RNA. In contrast, CPZ was shown to inhibit the in vitro assembly of the TBSV replicase, likely due to binding of CPZ to intracellular membranes, which are important for RNA virus replication. Conclusion/Significance Since we found that CPZ was also an effective inhibitor of other plant viruses, including Tobacco mosaic virus and Turnip crinkle virus, it seems likely that CPZ has a broad range of antiviral activity. Thus, these inhibitors constitute effective tools to study similarities in replication strategies of various RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Sasvari
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Stéphane Bach
- USR3151-CNRS “Protein Phosphorylation & Human Disease”, Station Biologique, B.P. 74, 29682 Roscoff cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- INSERM U613, Brest, France
- Univ Brest, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, UMR-S613, Brest, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Brest, France
- CHU Brest, Hop Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Peter D. Nagy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Ouberai M, Dumy P, Chierici S, Garcia J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Clicked Curcumin and Clicked KLVFFA Conjugates as Inhibitors of β-Amyloid Fibril Formation. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:2123-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Ouberai
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), UMR 5250, ICMG-FR, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), UMR 5250, ICMG-FR, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sabine Chierici
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), UMR 5250, ICMG-FR, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Julian Garcia
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), UMR 5250, ICMG-FR, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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32
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Davis TJ, Soto-Ortega DD, Kotarek JA, Gonzalez-Velasquez FJ, Sivakumar K, Wu L, Wang Q, Moss MA. Comparative study of inhibition at multiple stages of amyloid-beta self-assembly provides mechanistic insight. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:405-13. [PMID: 19483107 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.055301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The "amyloid cascade hypothesis," linking self-assembly of the amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, has led to the emergence of inhibition of Abeta self-assembly as a prime therapeutic strategy for this currently unpreventable and devastating disease. The complexity of Abeta self-assembly, which involves multiple reaction intermediates related by nonlinear and interconnected nucleation and growth mechanisms, provides multiple points for inhibitor intervention. Although a number of small-molecule inhibitors of Abeta self-assembly have been identified, little insight has been garnered concerning the point at which these inhibitors intervene within the Abeta assembly process. In the current study, a julolidine derivative is identified as an inhibitor of Abeta self-assembly. To gain insight into the mechanistic action of this inhibitor, the inhibition of fibril formation from monomeric protein is assessed quantitatively and compared with the inhibition of two distinct mechanisms of growth for soluble Abeta aggregation intermediates. This compound is observed to significantly inhibit soluble aggregate growth by lateral association while having little effect on soluble aggregate elongation via monomer addition. In addition, inhibition of soluble Abeta aggregate association exhibits an IC(50) with a somewhat lower stoichiometric ratio than the IC(50) determined for inhibition of fibril formation from monomeric Abeta. This quantitative comparison of inhibition within multiple Abeta self-assembly assays suggests that this compound binds the lateral surface of on-pathway intermediates exhibiting a range of sizes to prevent their association with other aggregates, which is required for further assembly into mature fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Chopra N, Gan W, Schreiber H, Kurutz JW, Meredith SC. Versatile cyclic templates for assembly of axially oriented ligands. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:231-40. [PMID: 19159293 DOI: 10.1021/bc800312x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe two novel types of planar cyclic peptide templates for the facile addition of ligands that extend axially from the plane of the template ring. The first uses beta-amino acids of alternating D- and L-chirality, since the insertion of the additional methylene group in the peptide backbone was predicted and subsequently shown by NMR and molecular modeling, to reorient ligands attached to amino acid side chain axially with respect to the template ring. A second contains alternating D- and L-amino acids with an achiral Gly residue interposed between each chiral amino acid. The inserted Gly residues also tend to reorient side chains axially rather than radially, as was demonstrated by NMR and molecular modeling. The axial orientation of attached ligands is intended to foster or allow interactions among attached ligands in situations in which this is desired. Two such situations that we consider are (1) development of immunological reagents with avidity effects and (2) modeling of oligomers in fibril-forming peptides. Toward the first of these goals, we demonstrated that these templates are suitable for attaching macromolecules, by incorporating two types of protein, neutravidin and trypsinogen. Toward the second goal, we demonstrate the attachment of two different fibril-forming peptides to the template. The templates described herein thus have many of the desirable traits of such molecules, i.e., (1) multivalency for the attachment of multiple ligands, (2) suitable chemical functions for facile attachment of ligands, (3) versatility as to the number and spacing of ligand attachment sites, (4) sufficient rigidity so that the attached ligands can be similarly oriented with respect to the template, and (5) sufficient flexibility to allow even large ligands, such as proteins, to attach and interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Chopra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Yamin G, Ono K, Inayathullah M, Teplow DB. Amyloid beta-protein assembly as a therapeutic target of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 14:3231-46. [PMID: 19075703 DOI: 10.2174/138161208786404137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the aged, is characterized by the cerebral deposition of fibrils formed by the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta), a 40-42 amino acid peptide. The folding of Abeta into neurotoxic oligomeric, protofibrillar, and fibrillar assemblies is hypothesized to be the key pathologic event in AD. Abeta is formed through cleavage of the Abeta precursor protein by two endoproteinases, beta-secretase and gamma-secretase, that cleave the Abeta N-terminus and C-terminus, respectively. These facts support the relevance of therapeutic strategies targeting Abeta production, assembly, clearance, and neurotoxicity. Currently, no disease-modifying therapeutic agents are available for AD patients. Instead, existing therapeutics provide only modest symptomatic benefits for a limited time. We summarize here recent efforts to produce therapeutic drugs targeting Abeta assembly. A number of approaches are being used in these efforts, including immunological, nutraceutical, and more classical medicinal chemical (peptidic inhibitors, carbohydrate-containing compounds, polyamines, "drug-like" compounds, chaperones, metal chelators, and osmolytes), and many of these have progressed to phase III clinical trails. We also discuss briefly a number of less mature, but intriguing, strategies that have therapeutic potential. Although initial trials of some disease-modifying agents have failed, we argue that substantial cause for optimism exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghiam Yamin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South (Room 445), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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