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Fan L, Li W, Jia D, Zhang W, Ding Y. Pattern Recognition and Visual Detection of Aldehydes Using a Single ESIPT Dye. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12284-12289. [PMID: 37556792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The accurate discrimination and quantification of aldehydes is a worthy objective made challenging by their similar chemical reactivities. Considering the nucleophilic reaction mechanism between an aldehyde and a primary amine, it is reasonable to vary the reaction pH to manipulate the reactivity of aldehydes and the stability of the resulting Schiff base for analytical purposes. We have designed and synthesized three benzothiazole-based fluorescent molecules (BS1-BS3) containing an amino group substituted at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions for aldehyde sensing. It was determined that only BS1 having an amino group at the ortho-position exhibits a significant fluorescence response in the presence of formaldehyde at a particular pH, whereas BS2 and BS3 gave negligible responses, indicating that the ESIPT process in BS1 should be responsible for the changes in its fluorescence. Accordingly, a pH-mediated sensor array BS1SA was constructed by dissolving BS1 in aqueous solvents with different pH values. BS1SA was found to be reliable for the discrimination of seven different aldehydes and identification of unknown aldehyde samples. Moreover, BS1 was successfully applied to prepare a fluorescent test paper for the visual detection of formaldehyde vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Dongmin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Wills R, Farhi J, Czabala P, Shahin S, M Spangle J, Raj M. Chemical sensors for imaging total cellular aliphatic aldehydes in live cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8305-8314. [PMID: 37564401 PMCID: PMC10411626 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02025h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic aldehydes are reactive electrophilic carbonyls that cross-link with DNA and proteins leading to cellular toxicity and disease pathogenesis. This toxicity is due to the cooperative effect of multiple aldehydes via a common mechanism. Therefore, live-cell imaging of total aliphatic aldehydes, small-to-long chain (C1-C10), is highly desired to decipher their physiological and pathological functions. However, sensors for imaging total cellular aliphatic aldehydes are currently lacking despite their high concentrations (∼80 to >500 μM) inside cells. Herein, we report chemical sensors that generate a benzimidazole moiety upon reaction with aliphatic aldehydes of different chain lengths (C1-C10), resulting in turn-on fluorescence. These sensors exhibit high quantum yields, high dynamic range, and enable the quantification of changes in both the exogenous administration of aldehydes and endogenous real-time formation of aliphatic aldehydes in live mammalian cells. This tool has great potential to transform aldehyde research by illuminating cellular metabolites that have remained elusive in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wills
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jonathan Farhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - Sophia Shahin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jennifer M Spangle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA USA
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Brun EMSPT, Calvert ND, Suchý M, Kirby A, Melkus G, Garipov R, Addison CL, Shuhendler AJ. Mapping vitamin B 6 metabolism by hydrazoCEST magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10867-10870. [PMID: 34665184 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new CEST-MRI contrast agent, 2-HYNIC, capable of sensing aromatic aldehydes is reported. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, a key Vitamin B6 metabolite necessary for >140 biotransformations was mapped by CEST-MRI in vitro and in vivo in lung cancer. 2-HYNIC provided access to this key biomarker associated with a variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Marie Sophie Patit-Tha Brun
- Dept. Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas David Calvert
- Dept. Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mojmír Suchý
- Dept. Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexia Kirby
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Dept. Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Dept. Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Dept. Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christina L Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Dept. Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Dept. Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Dept. Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Dept. Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Suchý M, Kirby A, Sabloff T, Mulvihill EE, Shuhendler AJ. Dansyl–NA 3 conjugates for glycoprotein detection through fluorescent tagging and native gel electrophoresis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An aldehyde-reactive fluorophore has been prepared that can afford the fluorescent detection of serum glycoproteins by native gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojmír Suchý
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
| | - Alexia Kirby
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
| | - Tara Sabloff
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Erin E. Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology
- University of Ottawa
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
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Bioanalytical and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Aldehyde Profiling in Biological Fluids. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020032. [PMID: 31167424 PMCID: PMC6630274 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to aldehydes is implicated in multiple diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases), and cancer. Because these compounds are strong electrophiles, they can react with nucleophilic sites in DNA and proteins to form reversible and irreversible modifications. These modifications, if not eliminated or repaired, can lead to alteration in cellular homeostasis, cell death and ultimately contribute to disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the methods and applications of aldehyde exposure measurements, with a particular focus on bioanalytical and mass spectrometric techniques, including recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling methods for identifying potential biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. We discuss the various derivatization reagents used to capture small polar aldehydes and methods to quantify these compounds in biological matrices. In addition, we present emerging mass spectrometry-based methods, which use high-resolution accurate mass (HR/AM) analysis for characterizing carbonyl compounds and their potential applications in molecular epidemiology studies. With the availability of diverse bioanalytical methods presented here including simple and rapid techniques allowing remote monitoring of aldehydes, real-time imaging of aldehydic load in cells, advances in MS instrumentation, high performance chromatographic separation, and improved bioinformatics tools, the data acquired enable increased sensitivity for identifying specific aldehydes and new biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. Finally, the combination of these techniques with exciting new methods for single cell analysis provides the potential for detection and profiling of aldehydes at a cellular level, opening up the opportunity to minutely dissect their roles and biological consequences in cellular metabolism and diseases pathogenesis.
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Kirby A, Suchý M, Brouwer A, Shuhendler A. Mapping aldehydic load in vivo by positron emission tomography with [ 18F]NA 3BF 3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5371-5374. [PMID: 30994648 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01831j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new radiotracer, [18F]NA3BF3, capable of rapid, stable, and catalyst-free complexation of aldehydes in vivo is reported. [18F]NA3BF3 was shown to bind aldehydes in live subjects using locally administered aldehyde-presenting microparticles, and was then applied to mapping aldehydic load in a mouse model of sepsis. [18F]NA3BF3 may enable the direct investigation of the chemical biology of aldehydes in living subjects, and may open avenues for the adoption of endogenous aldehydic load as an imaging biomarker of inflammatory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Kirby
- Dept. of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mojmír Suchý
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Brouwer
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shuhendler
- Dept. of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. and Dept. of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Suchý M, Lazurko C, Kirby A, Dang T, Liu G, Shuhendler AJ. Methyl 5-MeO-N-aminoanthranilate, a minimalist fluorogenic probe for sensing cellular aldehydic load. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1843-1853. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A minimalist fluorogenic probe is presented capable of the mapping of aldehydic load through live cell microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojmír Suchý
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Scences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
| | - Caitlin Lazurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Scences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Alexia Kirby
- Department of Biology
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
| | - Trina Dang
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Scences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - George Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Scences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Scences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
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