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Liu M, Gao H, Miao J, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Li F, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Li S, Liu H, Sun J. Helicobacter pylori infection in humans and phytotherapy, probiotics, and emerging therapeutic interventions: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1330029. [PMID: 38268702 PMCID: PMC10806011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1330029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains high, indicating a persistent presence of this pathogenic bacterium capable of infecting humans. This review summarizes the population demographics, transmission routes, as well as conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori infection exceeds 30% in numerous countries worldwide and can be transmitted through interpersonal and zoonotic routes. Cytotoxin-related gene A (CagA) and vacuolar cytotoxin A (VacA) are the main virulence factors of H. pylori, contributing to its steep global infection rate. Preventative measures should be taken from people's living habits and dietary factors to reduce H. pylori infection. Phytotherapy, probiotics therapies and some emerging therapies have emerged as alternative treatments for H. pylori infection, addressing the issue of elevated antibiotic resistance rates. Plant extracts primarily target urease activity and adhesion activity to treat H. pylori, while probiotics prevent H. pylori infection through both immune and non-immune pathways. In the future, the primary research focus will be on combining multiple treatment methods to effectively eradicate H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- National Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Electrical Vehicle Power System (Qingdao), College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiran Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Imoto I, Yasuma T, D’Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Oka S, Misaki M, Horiki N, Gabazza EC. Antimicrobial Effects of Lactoferrin against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:599. [PMID: 37111484 PMCID: PMC10144760 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) pylori is the primary causative agent of various gastroduodenal diseases. H. pylori is an adapted microorganism that has evolved to survive in the acidic conditions of the human stomach, possessing a natural strategy for colonizing harsh environments. Despite the implementation of various eradication regimens worldwide, the eradication rate of H. pylori has decreased to less than 80% in recent years due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This has posed a significant challenge in treating H. pylori infection, as antibiotic resistance and side effects have become increasingly problematic. Lactoferrin, a member of the transferrin family, is an iron-binding protein with antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties that promote human health. The concentrations of lactoferrin in the gastric juice and mucosa significantly increase during H. pylori infection and are strongly correlated with the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation. Numerous researchers have studied the antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, recent studies have investigated the addition of oral lactoferrin supplementation to H. pylori eradication therapy, even though monotherapy with lactoferrin does not eradicate the microorganism. In this article, we reviewed the survival strategy of H. pylori to evade the antimicrobial activity of human lactoferrin and explore the potential of lactoferrin in H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Imoto
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Doshinkai Tohyama Hospital, Minami-shinmachi 17-22, Tsu, Mie 514-0043, Japan;
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Corina N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Satoko Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Doshinkai Tohyama Hospital, Minami-shinmachi 17-22, Tsu, Mie 514-0043, Japan
| | - Moriharu Misaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Doshinkai Tohyama Hospital, Minami-shinmachi 17-22, Tsu, Mie 514-0043, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiki
- Digestive Center, Mie University Hospital, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Esteban C. Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.)
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Cao X, Ren Y, Lu Q, Wang K, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cui XS, Yang Z, Chen Z. Lactoferrin: A glycoprotein that plays an active role in human health. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1018336. [PMID: 36712548 PMCID: PMC9875800 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), existing widely in human and mammalian milk, is a multifunctional glycoprotein with many functions, such as immune regulation, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant. These extensive functions largely attribute to its ability to chelate iron and interfere with the cellular receptors of pathogenic microorganisms and their hosts. Moreover, it is non-toxic and has good compatibility with other supplements. Thus, Lf has been widely used in food nutrition, drug carriers, biotechnology, and feed development. Although Lf has been continuously explored and studied, a more comprehensive and systematic compendium is still required. This review presents the recent advances in the structure and physicochemical properties of Lf as well as clinical studies on human diseases, with the aim of providing a reference for further research of Lf and the development of its related functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - YuHao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Animal Developmental Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhi Chen,
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Lactotransferrin Downregulation Serves as a Potential Predictor for the Therapeutic Effectiveness of mTOR Inhibitors in the Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma without PTEN Mutation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121896. [PMID: 34944711 PMCID: PMC8698394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients develop metastatic spread at the first diagnosis. Therefore, identifying a useful biomarker to predict ccRCC metastasis or therapeutic effectiveness in ccRCC patients is urgently needed. Previously, we demonstrated that lactotransferrin (LTF) downregulation enhanced the metastatic potential of ccRCC. Here, we show that LTF expression conversely associates with the mTORC1 activity as simulated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Moreover, Western blot analyses revealed that the LTF knockdown promoted, but the inclusion of recombinant human LTF protein suppressed, the phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR proteins in the detected ccRCC cells. Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated that the signature of combining an upregulated mTORC1 activity with a downregulated LTF expression referred to a worse overall and progression-free survival probabilities and associated with distant cancer metastasis in TCGA ccRCC patients. Furthermore, we found that the LTF-suppressed Akt/mTOR activation triggered an increased formation of autophagy in the highly metastatic ccRCC cells. The addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyadenine restored the LTF-suppressed cellular migration ability of highly metastatic ccRCC cells. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that the expression of the LTF and MTORC1 gene set, not the autophagy gene set, could be the useful biomarkers to predict 5-year overall survival rate and cancer progression in ccRCC patients. Significantly, the signature of combining mTORC1 upregulation and LTF downregulation was shown as an independent prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis under the progression-free survival condition using the TCGA ccRCC database. Finally, the treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin predominantly reduced the formation of autophagy and ultimately mitigated the cellular migration ability of ccRCC cells with LTF knockdown. Our findings suggest that LTF downregulation is a biomarker for guiding the use of mTOR inhibitors to combat metastatic ccRCC in the clinic.
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Spicer SK, Moore RE, Lu J, Guevara MA, Marshall DR, Manning SD, Damo SM, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA. Antibiofilm Activity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides against Multidrug Resistant and Susceptible Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3254-3263. [PMID: 34812035 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious threat to human health, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's latest threat assessment. A. baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes severe community and nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Treatment of these infections is confounded by the emergence of multi- and pan-drug resistant strains of A. baumannii. A. baumannii colonizes abiotic and biotic surfaces and evades antimicrobial challenges by forming biofilms, which are three-dimensional architectural structures of cells adhered to a substrate and encased in an extracellular matrix comprised of polymeric substances such as polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. Biofilm-inhibiting compounds have recently gained attention as a chemotherapeutic strategy to prevent or disperse A. baumannii biofilms and restore the utility of traditional antimicrobial strategies. Recent work indicates that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have potent antibacterial and biofilm-inhibiting properties. We sought to test the utility of HMOs against a bank of clinical isolates of A. baumannii to ascertain changes in bacterial growth or biofilm formation. Our results indicate that out of 18 strains tested, 14 were susceptible to the antibiofilm activities of HMOs, and that the potent antibiofilm activity was observed in strains isolated from diverse anatomical sites, disease manifestations, and across antibiotic-resistant and susceptible strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K. Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Miriam A. Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Dana R. Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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