1
|
Huang W, Laughlin ST. Cell-selective bioorthogonal labeling. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:409-427. [PMID: 37837964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
In classic bioorthogonal labeling experiments, the cell's biosynthetic machinery incorporates bioorthogonal tags, creating tagged biomolecules that are subsequently reacted with a corresponding bioorthogonal partner. This two-step approach labels biomolecules throughout the organism indiscriminate of cell type, which can produce background in applications focused on specific cell populations. In this review, we cover advances in bioorthogonal chemistry that enable targeting of bioorthogonal labeling to a desired cell type. Such cell-selective bioorthogonal labeling is achieved in one of three ways. The first approach restricts labeling to specific cells by cell-selective expression of engineered enzymes that enable the bioorthogonal tag's incorporation. The second approach preferentially localizes the bioorthogonal reagents to the desired cell types to restrict their uptake to the desired cells. Finally, the third approach cages the reactivity of the bioorthogonal reagents, allowing activation of the reaction in specific cells by uncaging the reagents selectively in those cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Mao Q, Wang B. On the Question of CO's Ability to Induce HO-1 Expression in Cell Culture: A Comparative Study Using Different CO Sources. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:725-735. [PMID: 38340055 PMCID: PMC10949199 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
With the recognition of the endogenous signaling roles and pharmacological functions of carbon monoxide (CO), there is an increasing need to understand CO's mechanism of actions. Along this line, chemical donors have been introduced as CO surrogates for ease of delivery, dosage control, and sometimes the ability to target. Among all of the donors, two ruthenium-carbonyl complexes, CORM-2 and -3, are arguably the most commonly used tools for about 20 years in studying the mechanism of actions of CO. Largely based on data using these two CORMs, there has been a widely accepted inference that the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression is one of the key mechanisms for CO's actions. However, recent years have seen reports of very pronounced chemical reactivities and CO-independent activities of these CORMs. We are interested in examining this question by conducting comparative studies using CO gas, CORM-2/-3, and organic CO donors in RAW264.7, HeLa, and HepG2 cell cultures. CORM-2 and CORM-3 treatment showed significant dose-dependent induction of HO-1 compared to "controls," while incubation for 6 h with 250-500 ppm CO gas did not increase the HO-1 protein expression and mRNA transcription level. A further increase of the CO concentration to 5% did not lead to HO-1 expression either. Additionally, we demonstrate that CORM-2/-3 releases minimal amounts of CO under the experimental conditions. These results indicate that the HO-1 induction effects of CORM-2/-3 are not attributable to CO. We also assessed two organic CO prodrugs, BW-CO-103 and BW-CO-111. BW-CO-111 but not BW-CO-103 dose-dependently increased HO-1 levels in RAW264.7 and HeLa cells. We subsequently studied the mechanism of induction with an Nrf2-luciferase reporter assay, showing that the HO-1 induction activity is likely due to the activation of Nrf2 by the CO donors. Overall, CO alone is unable to induce HO-1 or activate Nrf2 under various conditions in vitro. As such, there is no evidence to support attributing the HO-1 induction effect of the CO donors such as CORM-2/-3 and BW-CO-111 in cell culture to CO. This comparative study demonstrates the critical need to consider possible CO-independent effects of a chemical CO donor before attributing the observed biological effects to CO. It is also important to note that such in vitro results cannot be directly extrapolated to in vivo studies because of the increased level of complexity and the likelihood of secondary and/or synergistic effects in the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Qiyue Mao
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Min Q, Ji X. Bioorthogonal Bond Cleavage Chemistry for On-demand Prodrug Activation: Opportunities and Challenges. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16546-16567. [PMID: 38085596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Time- and space-resolved drug delivery is highly demanded for cancer treatment, which, however, can barely be achieved with a traditional prodrug strategy. In recent years, the prodrug strategy based on a bioorthogonal bond cleavage chemistry has emerged with the advantages of high temporospatial resolution over drug activation and homogeneous activation irrespective of individual heterogeneity. In the past five years, tremendous progress has been witnessed in this field with one such bioorthogonal prodrug entering Phase II clinical trials. This Perspective aims to highlight these new advances (2019-2023) and critically discuss their pros and cons. In addition, the remaining challenges and potential strategic directions for future progress will also be included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Min
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan Z, Pan Y, Jiao G, Xu M, Fan D, Hu Z, Wu J, Chen T, Liu M, Bao X, Ke H, Ji X. A Bioorthogonal Decaging Chemistry of N-Oxide and Silylborane for Prodrug Activation both In Vitro and In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24698-24706. [PMID: 37933858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal decaging chemistry with both fast kinetics and high efficiency is highly demanded for in vivo applications but remains very sporadic. Herein, we describe a new bioorthogonal decaging chemistry between N-oxide and silylborane. A simple replacement of "C" in boronic acid with "Si" was able to substantially accelerate the N-oxide decaging kinetics by 106 fold (k2: up to 103 M-1 s-1). Moreover, a new N-oxide-masked self-immolative spacer was developed for the traceless release of various payloads upon clicking with silylborane with fast kinetics and high efficiency (>90%). Impressively, one such N-oxide-based self-assembled bioorthogonal nano-prodrug in combination with silylborane led to significantly enhanced tumor suppression effects as compared to the parent drug in a 4T1 mouse breast tumor model. In aggregate, this new bioorthogonal click-and-release chemistry is featured with fast kinetics and high efficiency and is perceived to find widespread applications in chemical biology and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yiyao Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Guofeng Jiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dongguang Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Ziwei Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hengte Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| |
Collapse
|