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De Falco L, Suero T, Savarese G, Savarese P, Ruggiero R, Di Carlo A, Bruno M, Petrillo N, Ianniello M, Scarpato C, Sarli C, Fico A. Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening: The First Report of Pentasomy X Detected by Plasma Cell-Free DNA and Karyotype Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071591. [PMID: 35885497 PMCID: PMC9321121 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentasomy X is a sex chromosome anomaly caused by the presence of three extra X chromosomes in females (49,XXXXX instead of 46,XX) and is probably due to a nondisjunction during the meiosis. So far, only five cases prenatally diagnosed were described. The main features in 49,XXXXX karyotype include severe intellectual disability with delayed speech development, short stature, facial dysmorphisms, osseous and articular abnormalities, congenital heart malformations, and skeletal and limb abnormalities. Prenatal diagnosis is often difficult due to the lack of a clear echographic sign like nuchal translucency (NT), and mostly cases were postnatally described. We report the first case of a 49,XXXXX female that was detected by non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS), quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and a fetal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia De Falco
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Suero
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Savarese
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ruggiero
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Carlo
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariasole Bruno
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Ianniello
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Scarpato
- Responsabile Ambulatorio Medicina Prenatale, P.O.S. Giuliano, 80014 Naples, Italy;
| | - Camilla Sarli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Fico
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (A.D.C.); (M.B.); (N.P.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80132 Naples, Italy
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