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Nikoloudakis E, López-Duarte I, Charalambidis G, Ladomenou K, Ince M, Coutsolelos AG. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as biomimetic tools for photocatalytic H 2 production and CO 2 reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6965-7045. [PMID: 35686606 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing energy demand and environmental issues caused by the over-exploitation of fossil fuels render the need for renewable, clean, and environmentally benign energy sources unquestionably urgent. The zero-emission energy carrier, H2 is an ideal alternative to carbon-based fuels especially when it is generated photocatalytically from water. Additionally, the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels can reduce the CO2 emissions and have a positive environmental and economic impact. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, plenty of artificial photocatalytic schemes based on porphyrinoids have been investigated. This review covers the recent advances in photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction systems containing porphyrin or phthalocyanine derivatives. The unique properties of porphyrinoids enable their utilization both as chromophores and as catalysts. The homogeneous photocatalytic systems are initially described, presenting the various approaches for the improvement of photosensitizing activity and the enhancement of catalytic performance at the molecular level. On the other hand, for the development of the heterogeneous systems, numerous methods were employed such as self-assembled supramolecular porphyrinoid nanostructures, construction of organic frameworks, combination with 2D materials and adsorption onto semiconductors. The dye sensitization on semiconductors opened the way for molecular-based dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) devices based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The research in photocatalytic systems as discussed herein remains challenging since there are still many limitations making them unfeasible to be used at a large scale application before finding a large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- International Hellenic University, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Agios Loucas, 65404, Kavala Campus, Greece.
| | - Mine Ince
- Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL) Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Bhavani B, Chanda N, Kotha V, Reddy G, Basak P, Pal U, Giribabu L, Prasanthkumar S. 1D alignment of Co(II) metalated porphyrin-napthalimide based self-assembled nanowires for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2021; 14:140-146. [PMID: 34904615 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06961f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen under visible light is an emerging phenomenon in green energy technology. Nevertheless, selecting an appropriate photocatalyst is rather significant to enhance hydrogen production on a large scale. In this context, organic photocatalysts have received considerable attention owing to their larger surface area, control in diffusion adsorption, nanostructures and electronic properties. Herein, we have developed five either free base or transition metalated porphyrin-napthalimide based donor-acceptor systems (PN1-PN5) and studied their morphology, electronic properties and catalytic behaviour. Detailed studies suggest that the Co(II) substituent D-A system (PN2) displayed a well-aligned one-dimensional (1D) nanowire with high electrical conductivity promoting remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (18 mM g-1 h-1) when compared to that of porphyrin-based derivatives reported until now. Thus, these results propose to investigate diverse metalated π-conjugated materials as photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botta Bhavani
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Nageshwarrao Chanda
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Vishal Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharastra, India
| | - Govind Reddy
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Pratyay Basak
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Ujjwal Pal
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
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