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Dong B, Guo Y, Yang J, Yang X, Wang L, Huang D. Turbulence induced shear controllable synthesis of nano FePO 4 irregularly-shaped particles in a counter impinging jet flow T-junction reactor assisted by ultrasound irradiation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106590. [PMID: 37690262 PMCID: PMC10498309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
FePO4 (FP) particles with a mesoporous structure amalgamated by nanoscale primary crystals were controllably prepared using an ultrasound-intensified turbulence T-junction microreactor (UTISR). The use of this type of reaction system can effectively enhance the micro-mixing and remarkably improve the mass transfer and chemical reaction rates. Consequently, the synergistic effects of the impinging streams and ultrasonic irradiation on the formation of mesoporous structure of FP nanoparticles have been systematically investigated through experimental validation and CFD simulation. The results revealed that the FP particles with a mesoporous structure can be well synthesised by precisely controlling the operation parameters by applying ultrasound irradiation with the input power in the range of 0-900 W and the impinging stream volumetric flow rate in the range of 17.15-257.22 mL·min-1. The findings obtained from the experimental observation and CFD modelling has clearly indicated that there exists a strong correlation between the particle size, morphology, and the local turbulence shear. The application of ultrasonic irradiation can effectively intensify the local turbulence shear in the reactor even at low Reynolds number based on the impinging stream diameter (Re < 2000), leading to an effective reduction in the particle size (from 273.48 to 56.1 nm) and an increase in the specific surface area (from 21.97 to 114.97 m2·g-1) of FP samples. The FPirregularly-shaped particles prepared by UTISR exhibited a mesoporous structure with a particle size of 56.10 nm, a specific surface area of 114.97 m2·g-1and a total pore adsorption volume of 0.570 cm3·g-1 when the volumetric flow rate and ultrasound power are 85.74 mL·min-1and 600 W, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, University Park, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technologies, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yanqing Guo
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, University Park, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, University Park, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| | - LuLu Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, University Park, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technologies, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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2
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Pasha M, Liu S, Zhang J, Qiu M, Su Y. Recent Advancements on Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Characteristics for CO 2 Absorption in Microreactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Pasha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saier Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Economics and Law, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Hebei 050043, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhai Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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Lüdicke MG, Hildebrandt J, Schindler C, Sperling RA, Maskos M. Automated Quantum Dots Purification via Solid Phase Extraction. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121983. [PMID: 35745321 PMCID: PMC9230973 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The separation of colloidal nanocrystals from their original synthesis medium is an essential process step towards their application, however, the costs on a preparative scale are still a constraint. A new combination of approaches for the purification of hydrophobic Quantum Dots is presented, resulting in an efficient scalable process in regard to time and solvent consumption, using common laboratory equipment and low-cost materials. The procedure is based on a combination of solvent-induced adhesion and solid phase extraction. The platform allows the transition from manual handling towards automation, yielding an overall purification performance similar to one conventional batch precipitation/centrifugation step, which was investigated by thermogravimetry and gas chromatography. The distinct miscibility gaps between surfactants used as nanoparticle capping agents, original and extraction medium are clarified by their phase diagrams, which confirmed the outcome of the flow chemistry process. Furthermore, the solubility behavior of the Quantum Dots is put into context with the Hansen solubility parameters framework to reasonably decide upon appropriate solvent types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malín G. Lüdicke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jana Hildebrandt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schindler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Interbran Advanced Materials GmbH, 76684 Oestringen, Germany
| | - Ralph A. Sperling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Michael Maskos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
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4
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Maged A, Abdelbaset R, Mahmoud AA, Elkasabgy NA. Merits and advances of microfluidics in the pharmaceutical field: design technologies and future prospects. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1549-1570. [PMID: 35612293 PMCID: PMC9154770 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is used to manipulate fluid flow in micro-channels to fabricate drug delivery vesicles in a uniform tunable size. Thanks to their designs, microfluidic technology provides an alternative and versatile platform over traditional formulation methods of nanoparticles. Understanding the factors that affect the formulation of nanoparticles can guide the proper selection of microfluidic design and the operating parameters aiming at producing nanoparticles with reproducible properties. This review introduces the microfluidic systems' continuous flow (single-phase) and segmented flow (multiphase) and their different mixing parameters and mechanisms. Furthermore, microfluidic approaches for efficient production of nanoparticles as surface modification, anti-fouling, and post-microfluidic treatment are summarized. The review sheds light on the used microfluidic systems and operation parameters applied to prepare and fine-tune nanoparticles like lipid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles as well as cross-linked nanoparticles. The approaches for scale-up production using microfluidics for clinical or industrial use are also highlighted. Furthermore, the use of microfluidics in preparing novel micro/nanofluidic drug delivery systems is presented. In conclusion, the characteristic vital features of microfluidics offer the ability to develop precise and efficient drug delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Maged
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Factory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Abdelbaset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qiao Z, Wang W. A 3D Printed Jet Mixer for Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11070695. [PMID: 32709009 PMCID: PMC7407664 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous mixing of microscopic volume fluids at low Reynolds number is of great significance for a wide range of chemical, biological, and medical applications. An efficient jet mixer with arrays of micronozzles was designed and fabricated using additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) technology for applications in centrifugal microfluidic platforms. The contact surface of miscible liquids was enhanced significantly by impinging plumes from two opposite arrays of micronozzles to improve mixing performance. The mixing efficiency was evaluated and compared with the commonly used Y-shaped micromixer. Effective mixing in the jet mixer was achieved within a very short timescale (3s). This 3D printed jet mixer has great potential to be implemented in applications by being incorporated into multifarious 3D printing devices in microfluidic platforms.
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Experimental Studies of Ethyl Acetate Saponification Using Different Reactor Systems: The Effect of Volume Flow Rate on Reactor Performance and Pressure Drop. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microreactors intensify chemical processes due to improved flow regimes, mass and heat transfer. In the present study, the effect of the volume flow rate on reactor performance in different reactors (the T-shaped reactor, the interdigital microreactor and the chicane microreactor) was investigated. For this purpose, the saponification reaction in these reactor systems was considered. Experimental results were verified using the obtained kinetic model. The reactor system with a T-shaped reactor shows good performance only at high flow rates, while the experimental setups with the interdigital and the chicane microreactors yield good performance throughout the whole range of volume flow rates. However, microreactors exhibit a higher pressure drop, indicating higher mechanical flow energy consumption than seen using a T-shaped reactor.
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7
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Numerical and Experimental Investigations of a Micromixer with Chicane Mixing Geometry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A micromixer is a new type of chemical engineering equipment used to intensify the mixing process. This article provides details on flow regimes in microchannels with a complex geometry, such as with chicane mixing geometry. Experiments involving water, ink, and a micro digital camera have determined both the micromixer’s initial mixing zone, and also the streamlines. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling helped identify the mechanism of stimulating effect; swirling and recirculation were identified as two special cases of the convective mixing process. To characterize the degree of mixing, a function of volume flow rate was proposed. A much higher degree of mixing in vortex flow compared to stratified flow was observed. The relationship between laminar flow and vortices shows a square-law dependence of pressure drop against the volume flow rate. The mixing cost and the mixing energy cost at Reynolds number of 50 are higher for the chicane micromixer than for micromixers without chicanes geometry.
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8
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Numerical and experimental investigations of chaotic mixing behavior in an oscillating feedback micromixer. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Mierka O, Munir M, Spille C, Timmermann J, Schlüter M, Turek S. Reactive Liquid-Flow Simulation of Micromixers Based on Grid Deformation Techniques. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Mierka
- Dortmund University of Technology; Faculty of Mathematics; Chair of Applied Mathematics and Numerics; Vogelpothsweg 87 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Maimoona Munir
- Dortmund University of Technology; Faculty of Mathematics; Chair of Applied Mathematics and Numerics; Vogelpothsweg 87 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Claas Spille
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Multiphase Flows; Eissendorfer Strasse 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jens Timmermann
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Multiphase Flows; Eissendorfer Strasse 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Schlüter
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Multiphase Flows; Eissendorfer Strasse 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Stefan Turek
- Dortmund University of Technology; Faculty of Mathematics; Chair of Applied Mathematics and Numerics; Vogelpothsweg 87 44227 Dortmund Germany
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10
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Thiermann R, Bleul R, Maskos M. Kinetic Control of Block Copolymer Self-Assembly in a Micromixing Device - Mechanistical Insight into Vesicle Formation Process. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Michael Maskos
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
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11
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12
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13
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Zhang LH, Peng JH, Ju SH, Zhang LB, Dai LQ, Liu NS. Microfluidic solvent extraction and separation of cobalt and nickel. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction and separation of cobalt from sulphate solution containing Ni2+ and Co2+ by the process of microfluidic extraction was investigated on a counter-current flow interdigital micromixer with channels of 40 μm width, which has two opposite inlets and an upwards outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hua Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy
- Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy
- Ministry of Education
- Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jin-hui Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy
- Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy
- Ministry of Education
- Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shao-hua Ju
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy
- Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy
- Ministry of Education
- Kunming 650093, China
| | - Li-bo Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy
- Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy
- Ministry of Education
- Kunming 650093, China
| | - Lin-qing Dai
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy
- Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy
- Ministry of Education
- Kunming 650093, China
| | - Neng-sheng Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy
- Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy
- Ministry of Education
- Kunming 650093, China
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14
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Matsuzawa M, Togashi S, Kandori K. Production of Sheet-Like Hydroxyapatite Particles Using a Microreactor. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Wang W, Zhao S, Shao T, Zhang M, Jin Y, Cheng Y. Numerical study of mixing behavior with chemical reactions in micro-channels by a lattice Boltzmann method. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Pennella F, Rossi M, Ripandelli S, Rasponi M, Mastrangelo F, Deriu MA, Ridolfi L, Kähler CJ, Morbiducci U. Numerical and experimental characterization of a novel modular passive micromixer. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:849-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Jovanović J, Hengeveld W, Rebrov EV, Nijhuis TA, Hessel V, Schouten JC. Redispersion Microreactor System for Phase Transfer-Catalyzed Esterification. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Jovanović J, Hengeveld W, Rebrov E, Nijhuis T, Hessel V, Schouten J. Redispersions-Mikroreaktorsystem für eine phasentransferkatalysierte Veresterung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Micromixing is a crucial process within microfluidic systems such as micro total analysis systems (μTAS). A state-of-art review on microstructured mixing devices and their mixing phenomena is given. The review first presents an overview of the characteristics of fluidic behavior at the microscale and their implications in microfluidic mixing processes. According to the two basic principles exploited to induce mixing at the microscale, micromixers are generally classified as being passive or active. Passive mixers solely rely on pumping energy, whereas active mixers rely on an external energy source to achieve mixing. Typical types of passive micromixers are discussed, including T- or Y-shaped, parallel lamination, sequential, focusing enhanced mixers, and droplet micromixers. Examples of active mixers using external forces such as pressure field, electrokinetic, dielectrophoretic, electrowetting, magneto-hydrodynamic, and ultrasound to assist mixing are presented. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of mixing in a microfluidic environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Capretto
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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22
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Aoki N, Mae K. Nonisothermal design of fluid segments for precise temperature control in microreactors. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Huh YS, Park TJ, Lee EZ, Hong WH, Lee SY. Development of a fully integrated microfluidic system for sensing infectious viral disease. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2960-9. [PMID: 18551711 PMCID: PMC7163465 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An active micromixer system utilizing the magnetic force was developed and examined for its ability to facilitate the mixing of more than two fluid flows. The mixing performance of the active micromixer was evaluated in aqueous-aqueous systems including dyes for visual observation. A complete analytical microfluidic system was developed by integrating various functional modules into a single chip, thus allowing cell lysis, sample preparation, purification of intracellular molecules, and subsequent analysis. Upon loading the cell samples and lysis solution into the mixing chamber, the integrated microfluidic device allows efficient cell disruption by rotation of a micromagnetic disk and control of mixing time using the Teflon-coated hydrophobic film as a microvalve. This inflow is followed by separating the cell debris and contaminated proteins from the cell lysate sample using the acrylamide (AAm)-functionalized SPE. The inflow of partially purified cell lysate sample containing the gold binding polypeptide (GBP)-fusion protein was bound onto the gold micropatterns by means of its metal binding affinity. The GBP-fusion method allows immobilization of proteins in bioactive forms onto the gold surface without surface modification suitable for studying antigen-antibody interaction. It was used for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), an infectious viral disease, as an example case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 program), KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Mae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Taisuke Maki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Nobuaki Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
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Abstract
In this study we performed numerical and experimental investigations into the mixing of EOFs in zigzag microchannels with two different corner geometries, namely sharp corners and flat corners. In the zigzag microchannel with sharp corners, the flow travels more rapidly near the inner wall of the corner than near the outer wall as a result of the higher electric potential drop. The resulting velocity gradient induces a racetrack effect, which enhances diffusion within the fluid and hence improves the mixing performance. The simulation results reveal that the mixing index is approximately 88.83%. However, the sharp-corner geometry causes residual liquid or bubbles to become trapped in the channel at the point where the flow is almost stationary, when the channel is in the process of cleaning. Accordingly, a zigzag microchannel with flat-corner geometry is developed. The flat-corner geometry forms a convergent-divergent type nozzle which not only enhances the mixing performance in the channel, but also prevents the accumulation of residual liquid or bubbles. Scaling analysis reveals that this corner geometry leads to an effective increase in the mixing length. The experimental results reveal that the mixing index is increased to 94.30% in the flat-corner zigzag channel. Hence, the results demonstrate that the mixing index of the flat-corner zigzag channel is better than that of the conventional sharp-corner microchannel. Finally, the results of Taguchi analysis indicate that the attainable mixing index is determined primarily by the number of corners in the microchannel and by the flow passing height at each corner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kun Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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27
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Lin CH, Tsai CH, Pan CW, Fu LM. Rapid circular microfluidic mixer utilizing unbalanced driving force. Biomed Microdevices 2007; 9:43-50. [PMID: 17106640 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-006-9009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel rapid circular microfluidic mixer for micro-total-analysis-systems (mu-TAS) applications in which an unbalanced driving force is used to mix fluids in a circular chamber at low Reynolds numbers (Re). The microfluidic mixer has a three-layered structure and is fabricated on low-cost glass slides using a simple and reliable fabrication process. Using hydrodynamic pumps, fluids are driven from two inlet ports into a circular mixing chamber. Each inlet port separates into two separate channels, which are then attached to opposite sides of the 3-dimensional (3-D) circular mixing chamber. The unequal lengths of these inlet channels generate an unbalanced driving force, which enhances the mixing effect in the mixing chamber. Numerical simulations are performed to predict the fluid phenomena in the mixing chamber and to estimate the mixing performance under various Reynolds number conditions. The numerical results are verified by performing flow visualization experiments. A good agreement is found between the two sets of results. The numerical and experimental results reveal that the mixing performance can reach 91% within a mixing chamber of 1 mm diameter at a Reynolds number of Re=3. Additionally, the results confirm that the unbalanced driving force produces a flow rotation in the circular mixer at low Reynolds numbers, which significantly enhances the mixing performance. The novel micromixing method presented in this study provides a simple solution for mixing problems in Lab-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsin Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 804
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28
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Mae K, Suzuki A, Maki T, Hakuta Y, Sato H, Arai K. A New Micromixer with Needle Adjustment for Instant Mixing and Heating under High Pressure and High Temperature. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.07we147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Mae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Research Center for Compact Chemical Process, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Taisuke Maki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yukiya Hakuta
- Research Center for Compact Chemical Process, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hajime Sato
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Kunio Arai
- Research Center for Compact Chemical Process, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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30
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Nagasawa H, Mae K. Development of a New Microreactor Based on Annular Microsegments for Fine Particle Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie050869w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Nagasawa
- Advanced Core Technology Laboratories, Fuji Photo Film Company, Ltd., 210, Nakanuma, Minamiashigara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0193, Japan, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mae
- Advanced Core Technology Laboratories, Fuji Photo Film Company, Ltd., 210, Nakanuma, Minamiashigara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0193, Japan, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Aoki N, Hasebe S, Mae K. Geometric design of fluid segments in microreactors using dimensionless numbers. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang Y, Lin Q, Mukherjee T. A model for laminar diffusion-based complex electrokinetic passive micromixers. LAB ON A CHIP 2005; 5:877-87. [PMID: 16027940 DOI: 10.1039/b500010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a model for the efficient and accurate simulations of laminar diffusion-based complex electrokinetic passive micromixers by representing them as a system of mixing elements of relatively simple geometry. Parameterized and analytical models for such elements are obtained, which hold for general sample concentration profiles and arbitrary flow ratios at the element inlet. A lumped-parameter and system-level model is constructed for a complex micromixer, in which the constituent mixing elements are represented by element models, in such a way that an appropriate set of parameters are continuous at the interface between each pair of adjacent elements. The system-level model, which simultaneously computes electric circuitry and sample concentration distributions in the entire micromixer, agrees with numerical and experimental results, and offers orders-of-magnitude improvements in computational efficiency over full numerical simulations. The efficiency and usefulness of the model is demonstrated by exploring a number of laminar diffusion based mixers and mixing networks that occur in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Werner B, Hessel V, Löb P. Mixers with Microstructured Foils for Chemical Production Purposes. Chem Eng Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200407163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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