1
|
Jeong S, Fuwad A, Yoon S, Jeon TJ, Kim SM. A Microphysiological Model to Mimic the Placental Remodeling during Early Stage of Pregnancy under Hypoxia-Induced Trophoblast Invasion. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:289. [PMID: 38786499 PMCID: PMC11118815 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Placental trophoblast invasion is critical for establishing the maternal-fetal interface, yet the mechanisms driving trophoblast-induced maternal arterial remodeling remain elusive. To address this gap, we developed a three-dimensional microfluidic placenta-on-chip model that mimics early pregnancy placentation in a hypoxic environment. By studying human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under oxygen-deprived conditions upon trophoblast invasion, we observed significant HUVEC artery remodeling, suggesting the critical role of hypoxia in placentation. In particular, we found that trophoblasts secrete matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteins under hypoxic conditions, which contribute to arterial remodeling by the degradation of extracellular matrix components. This MMP-mediated remodeling is critical for facilitating trophoblast invasion and proper establishment of the maternal-fetal interface. In addition, our platform allows real-time monitoring of HUVEC vessel contraction during trophoblast interaction, providing valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between trophoblasts and maternal vasculature. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of MMP-mediated arterial remodeling in placental development and underscore the potential of our platform to study pregnancy-related complications and evaluate therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seorin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Ahmed Fuwad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sunhee Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Madapati N, Arumuru V. T‐joint Micromixer Coupled with Deforming Diaphragm. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh Madapati
- Applied Fluids Group School of Mechanical Sciences IIT Bhubaneswar Khurda 752050 India
| | - Venugopal Arumuru
- Applied Fluids Group School of Mechanical Sciences IIT Bhubaneswar Khurda 752050 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naas TT, Hossain S, Aslam M, Rahman A, Hoque ASM, Kim KY, Islam SMR. Kinematic Measurements of Novel Chaotic Micromixers to Enhance Mixing Performances at Low Reynolds Numbers: Comparative Study. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040364. [PMID: 33800534 PMCID: PMC8066306 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a comparative investigation of chaotic flow behavior inside multi-layer crossing channels was numerically carried out to select suitable micromixers. New micromixers were proposed and compared with an efficient passive mixer called a Two-Layer Crossing Channel Micromixer (TLCCM), which was investigated recently. The computational evaluation was a concern to the mixing enhancement and kinematic measurements, such as vorticity, deformation, stretching, and folding rates for various low Reynolds number regimes. The 3D continuity, momentum, and species transport equations were solved by a Fluent ANSYS CFD code. For various cases of fluid regimes (0.1 to 25 values of Reynolds number), the new configuration displayed a mixing enhancement of 40%–60% relative to that obtained in the older TLCCM in terms of kinematic measurement, which was studied recently. The results revealed that all proposed micromixers have a strong secondary flow, which significantly enhances the fluid kinematic performances at low Reynolds numbers. The visualization of mass fraction and path-lines presents that the TLCCM configuration is inefficient at low Reynolds numbers, while the new designs exhibit rapid mixing with lower pressure losses. Thus, it can be used to enhance the homogenization in several microfluidic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toufik Tayeb Naas
- Gas Turbine Joint Research Team, University of Djelfa, 17000 Djelfa, Algeria;
| | - Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (S.H.); (A.S.M.H.)
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Arifur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangabandhu Textile Engineering College, Kalihati, Tangail 1970, Bangladesh;
| | - A. S. M. Hoque
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (S.H.); (A.S.M.H.)
| | - Kwang-Yong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-Y.K.); (S.M.R.I.); Tel.: +82-32-872-3096 (K.-Y.K.); Fax: +82-32-868-1716 (K.-Y.K.); +82-02-3408-2969 (S.M.R.I.)
| | - S. M. Riazul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-Y.K.); (S.M.R.I.); Tel.: +82-32-872-3096 (K.-Y.K.); Fax: +82-32-868-1716 (K.-Y.K.); +82-02-3408-2969 (S.M.R.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo W, Tang L, Zhou B, Fung Y. Fundamental Studies of Rapidly Fabricated On-Chip Passive Micromixer for Modular Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020153. [PMID: 33557366 PMCID: PMC7914446 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Micromixers play an important role in many modular microfluidics. Complex on-chip mixing units and smooth channel surfaces ablated by lasers on polymers are well-known problems for microfluidic chip fabricating techniques. However, little is known about the ablation of rugged surfaces on polymer chips for mixing uses. This paper provides the first report of an on-chip compact micromixer simply, easily and quickly fabricated using laser-ablated irregular microspheric surfaces on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microfluidic chip for continuous mixing uses in modular microfluidics. The straight line channel geometry is designed for sequential mixing of nanoliter fluids in about 1 s. The results verify that up to about 90% of fluids can be mixed in a channel only 500 µm long, 200 µm wide and 150 µm deep using the developed micromixer fabricating method under optimized conditions. The computational flow dynamics simulation and experimental result agree well with each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-8336-6388
| | - Li Tang
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.T.); (Y.F.)
| | - Biqiang Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China;
| | - Yingsing Fung
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.T.); (Y.F.)
| |
Collapse
|