1
|
Kong Y, Liu M, Hu H, Hou Y, Vesztergom S, Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Kolivoška V, Broekmann P. Cracks as Efficient Tools to Mitigate Flooding in Gas Diffusion Electrodes Used for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200369. [PMID: 35810472 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advantage of employing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in carbon dioxide reduction electrolyzers is that they allow CO2 to reach the catalyst in gaseous state, enabling current densities that are orders of magnitude larger than what is achievable in standard H-type cells. The gain in the reaction rate comes, however, at the cost of stability issues related to flooding that occurs when excess electrolyte permeates the micropores of the GDE, effectively blocking the access of CO2 to the catalyst. For electrolyzers operated with alkaline electrolytes, flooding leaves clear traces within the GDE in the form of precipitated potassium (hydrogen)carbonates. By analyzing the amount and distribution of precipitates, and by quantifying potassium salts transported through the GDE during operation (electrolyte perspiration), important information can be gained with regard to the extent and means of flooding. In this work, a novel combination of energy dispersive X-ray and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based methods is employed to study flooding-related phenomena in GDEs differing in the abundance of cracks in the microporous layer. It is concluded that cracks play an important role in the electrolyte management of CO2 electrolyzers, and that electrolyte perspiration through cracks is paramount in avoiding flooding-related performance drops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Menglong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Iván Zelocualtecatl Montiel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ikezawa A, Seki K, Arai H. Design of bifunctional air electrodes based on the reaction fields between oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Röhe M, Franzen D, Kubannek F, Ellendorff B, Turek T, Krewer U. Revealing the degree and impact of inhomogeneous electrolyte distributions on silver based gas diffusion electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Experimental and Model‐Based Analysis of Electrolyte Intrusion Depth in Silver‐Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Franzen D, Paulisch MC, Ellendorff B, Manke I, Turek T. Spatially resolved model of oxygen reduction reaction in silver-based porous gas-diffusion electrodes based on operando measurements. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Dieckhöfer S, Öhl D, Junqueira JRC, Quast T, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Probing the Local Reaction Environment During High Turnover Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Ag-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:5906-5912. [PMID: 33527522 PMCID: PMC8048634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the influence of electrochemical reactions on the electrode microenvironment is an unavoidable topic for electrochemical reactions that involve the production of OH− and the consumption of water. That is particularly true for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which together with the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exert changes in the local OH− and H2O activity that in turn can possibly affect activity, stability, and selectivity of the CO2RR. We determine the local OH− and H2O activity in close proximity to a CO2‐converting Ag‐based gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with product analysis using gas chromatography. A Pt nanosensor is positioned in the vicinity of the working GDE using shear‐force‐based scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curves, which allows monitoring changes invoked by reactions proceeding within an otherwise inaccessible porous GDE by potentiodynamic measurements at the Pt‐tip nanosensor. We show that high turnover HER/CO2RR at a GDE lead to modulations of the alkalinity of the local electrolyte, that resemble a 16 m KOH solution, variations that are in turn linked to the reaction selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong X, Schulz (née Uebel) M, Wu C, Rabe M, Erbe A, Rohwerder M. Limiting Current Density of Oxygen Reduction under Ultrathin Electrolyte Layers: From the Micrometer Range to Monolayers. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiankang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Xindu Street 8, Xindu District Chengdu Sichuan Province 610500 China
| | - Matthias Schulz (née Uebel)
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
| | - Chun‐Hung Wu
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
| | - Martin Rabe
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Dep. Materials Science and Engineering NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Dep. Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str.1 D-40237 Düsseldorf
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nesbitt NT, Burdyny T, Simonson H, Salvatore D, Bohra D, Kas R, Smith WA. Liquid–Solid Boundaries Dominate Activity of CO2 Reduction on Gas-Diffusion Electrodes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Nesbitt
- Materials and Chemical Science and Technology (MCST) Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas Burdyny
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hunter Simonson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Danielle Salvatore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Divya Bohra
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Recep Kas
- Materials and Chemical Science and Technology (MCST) Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wilson A. Smith
- Materials and Chemical Science and Technology (MCST) Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zalka D, Péter L. On the evolution and application of the concept of electrochemical polarization. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper yields an overview on the evolution of the concept of polarization applied to electrochemical systems, ranging from electrodes to cells. The historical discussion starts at the early phase of the development of electrochemistry when current-controlled measurements were possible only, and when the early definitions of polarization, depolarization and depolarizer were created. A number of contemporary handbooks, recommendations and other reference resources are listed in which these concepts are represented in various ways, from conservative definitions to attempts of redefining them. The traditional definitions are confronted with the everyday use of professional language, drawing attention to the fact that the widespread application of potential-controlled electrochemical measurements led to new meanings. Some suggestions are made that open room for the application of the term of polarization in accord with the modern methodologies, without compromising the traditional introduction of the term. Polarization-related phenomena in biological membranes are not dealt with in the present work.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gebhard M, Tichter T, Franzen D, Paulisch MC, Schutjajew K, Turek T, Manke I, Roth C. Improvement of Oxygen‐Depolarized Cathodes in Highly Alkaline Media by Electrospinning of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Barrier Layers. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Gebhard
- Electrochemical Process EngineeringUniversity of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Tim Tichter
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - David Franzen
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process EngineeringClausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Melanie C. Paulisch
- Institute of Applied MaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
| | - Konstantin Schutjajew
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process EngineeringClausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Institute of Applied MaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Electrochemical Process EngineeringUniversity of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| |
Collapse
|