1
|
Eisenstein O. From the Felkin‐Anh Rule to the Grignard Reaction: an Almost Circular 50 Year Adventure in the World of Molecular Structures and Reaction Mechanisms with Computational Chemistry**. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Eisenstein
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095 France Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences University of Oslo Oslo 0315 Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Norjmaa G, Ujaque G, Lledós A. Beyond Continuum Solvent Models in Computational Homogeneous Catalysis. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn homogeneous catalysis solvent is an inherent part of the catalytic system. As such, it must be considered in the computational modeling. The most common approach to include solvent effects in quantum mechanical calculations is by means of continuum solvent models. When they are properly used, average solvent effects are efficiently captured, mainly those related with solvent polarity. However, neglecting atomistic description of solvent molecules has its limitations, and continuum solvent models all alone cannot be applied to whatever situation. In many cases, inclusion of explicit solvent molecules in the quantum mechanical description of the system is mandatory. The purpose of this article is to highlight through selected examples what are the reasons that urge to go beyond the continuum models to the employment of micro-solvated (cluster-continuum) of fully explicit solvent models, in this way setting the limits of continuum solvent models in computational homogeneous catalysis. These examples showcase that inclusion of solvent molecules in the calculation not only can improve the description of already known mechanisms but can yield new mechanistic views of a reaction. With the aim of systematizing the use of explicit solvent models, after discussing the success and limitations of continuum solvent models, issues related with solvent coordination and solvent dynamics, solvent effects in reactions involving small, charged species, as well as reactions in protic solvents and the role of solvent as reagent itself are successively considered.
Collapse
|
3
|
Puls F, Linke P, Kataeva O, Knölker HJ. Iron-Catalyzed Wacker-type Oxidation of Olefins at Room Temperature with 1,3-Diketones or Neocuproine as Ligands*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14083-14090. [PMID: 33856090 PMCID: PMC8251641 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a convenient and general method for the oxidation of olefins to ketones using either tris(dibenzoylmethanato)iron(III) [Fe(dbm)3 ] or a combination of iron(II) chloride and neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) as catalysts and phenylsilane (PhSiH3 ) as additive. All reactions proceed efficiently at room temperature using air as sole oxidant. This transformation has been applied to a variety of substrates, is operationally simple, proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and shows a high functional-group tolerance. The ketones are formed smoothly in up to 97 % yield and with 100 % regioselectivity, while the corresponding alcohols were observed as by-products. Labeling experiments showed that an incorporated hydrogen atom originates from the phenylsilane. The oxygen atom of the ketone as well as of the alcohol derives from the ambient atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puls
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Linke
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Kataeva
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russia
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Puls F, Linke P, Kataeva O, Knölker H. Iron‐Catalyzed Wacker‐type Oxidation of Olefins at Room Temperature with 1,3‐Diketones or Neocuproine as Ligands**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puls
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Philipp Linke
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Olga Kataeva
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Arbuzov Str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
| | - Hans‐Joachim Knölker
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Temkin ON. Oxidation of Olefins to Carbonyl Compounds: Modern View of the Classical Reaction. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158420050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
6
|
Fehér PP, Stirling A. Theoretical Study on the Formation of Ni(PR 3)(Aryl)F Complexes Observed in Ni-Catalyzed Decarbonylative C–C Coupling of Acyl Fluorides. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pál Fehér
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernandes RA, Jha AK, Kumar P. Recent advances in Wacker oxidation: from conventional to modern variants and applications. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the well-known Wacker oxidation process from conventional to modern variants and applications to natural products' synthesis are compiled in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Amit K. Jha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Polynski MV, Ananikov VP. Modeling Key Pathways Proposed for the Formation and Evolution of “Cocktail”-Type Systems in Pd-Catalyzed Reactions Involving ArX Reagents. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Polynski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schroeter F, Strassner T. Understanding Anionic “Ligandless” Palladium Species in the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5159-5173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schroeter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu B, Jin F, Wang T, Yuan X, Han W. Wacker‐Type Oxidation Using an Iron Catalyst and Ambient Air: Application to Late‐Stage Oxidation of Complex Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Wenyuan Road No.1 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Fengli Jin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Wenyuan Road No.1 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Wenyuan Road No.1 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Xiaorong Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Wenyuan Road No.1 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Wenyuan Road No.1 210023 Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu B, Jin F, Wang T, Yuan X, Han W. Wacker-Type Oxidation Using an Iron Catalyst and Ambient Air: Application to Late-Stage Oxidation of Complex Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12712-12717. [PMID: 28815838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A practical and general iron-catalyzed Wacker-type oxidation of olefins to ketones is presented, and it uses ambient air as the sole oxidant. The mild oxidation conditions enable exceptional functional-group tolerance, which has not been demonstrated for any other Wacker-type reaction to date. The inexpensive and nontoxic reagents [iron(II) chloride, polymethylhydrosiloxane, and air] can, therefore, also be employed to oxidize complex natural-product-derived and polyfunctionalized molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengli Jin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Groenenboom MC, Keith JA. Explicitly Unraveling the Roles of Counterions, Solvent Molecules, and Electron Correlation in Solution Phase Reaction Pathways. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10797-10807. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C. Groenenboom
- Department
of Chemical and
Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - John A. Keith
- Department
of Chemical and
Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Imandi V, Nair NN. The Wacker oxidation of allyl alcohol along cyclic–intermediate routes: An ab initio molecular dynamics investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Vidossich P, Lledós A, Ujaque G. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Studies of Organometallic Complexes and Homogeneous Catalytic Processes. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1271-8. [PMID: 27268523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry is a valuable aid to complement experimental studies of organometallic systems and their reactivity. It allows probing mechanistic hypotheses and investigating molecular structures, shedding light on the behavior and properties of molecular assemblies at the atomic scale. When approaching a chemical problem, the computational chemist has to decide on the theoretical approach needed to describe electron/nuclear interactions and the composition of the model used to approximate the actual system. Both factors determine the reliability of the modeling study. The community dedicated much effort to developing and improving the performance and accuracy of theoretical approaches for electronic structure calculations, on which the description of (inter)atomic interactions rely. Here, the importance of the model system used in computational studies is highlighted through examples from our recent research focused on organometallic systems and homogeneous catalytic processes. We show how the inclusion of explicit solvent allows the characterization of molecular events that would otherwise not be accessible in reduced model systems (clusters). These include the stabilization of nascent charged fragments via microscopic solvation (notably, hydrogen bonding), transfer of charge (protons) between distant fragments mediated by solvent molecules, and solvent coordination to unsaturated metal centers. Furthermore, when weak interactions are involved, we show how conformational and solvation properties of organometallic complexes are also affected by the explicit inclusion of solvent molecules. Such extended model systems may be treated under periodic boundary conditions, thus removing the cluster/continuum (or vacuum) boundary, and require a statistical mechanics simulation technique to sample the accessible configurational space. First-principles molecular dynamics, in which atomic forces are computed from electronic structure calculations (namely, density functional theory), is certainly the technique of choice to investigate chemical events in solution. This methodology is well established and thanks to advances in both algorithms and computational resources simulation times required for the modeling of chemical events are nowadays accessible, though the computational requirements use to be high. Specific applications reviewed here include mechanistic studies of the Shilov and Wacker processes, speciation in Pd chemistry, hydrogen bonding to metal centers, and the dynamics of agostic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Vidossich
- Departament de Química,
Edifici C.n., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química,
Edifici C.n., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química,
Edifici C.n., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coombs JR, Morken JP. Catalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2636-49. [PMID: 26764019 PMCID: PMC4913282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Terminal alkenes are readily available functional groups which appear in α-olefins produced by the chemical industry, and they appear in the products of many contemporary synthetic reactions. While the organic transformations that apply to alkenes are amongst the most studied reactions in all of chemical synthesis, the number of reactions that apply to nonactivated terminal alkenes in a catalytic enantioselective fashion is small in number. This Minireview highlights the cases where stereocontrol in catalytic reactions of 1-alkenes is high enough to be useful for asymmetric synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Research Labs, 2609 Beacon St., Chesnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Research Labs, 2609 Beacon St., Chesnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Imandi V, Nair NN. Can the Absence of Isotope Scrambling in the Wacker Oxidation of Allyl Alcohol Disprove Outer Sphere Hydroxypalladation? J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11176-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Imandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nisanth N. Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang YY, Zhang Q, Yu HZ, Fu Y. Mechanism of Aldehyde-Selective Wacker-Type Oxidation of Unbiased Alkenes with a Nitrite Co-Catalyst. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5018776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Huasheng Building, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang G, Xia Y. Catalyst-Controlled C–C σ Bond Cleavages in Metal Halide-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 3-Acylcyclopropenes via a Formal 1,1-Halometalation Mechanism: Insights from Quantum Chemical Calculations. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501738p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genping Huang
- College of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kočovský P, Bäckvall JE. The syn/anti-dichotomy in the palladium-catalyzed addition of nucleophiles to alkenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:36-56. [PMID: 25378278 PMCID: PMC4471584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review the stereochemistry of palladium-catalyzed addition of nucleophiles to alkenes is discussed, and examples of these reactions in organic synthesis are given. Most of the reactions discussed involve oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles; the Wacker oxidation of ethylene has been reviewed in detail. An anti-hydroxypalladation in the Wacker oxidation has strong support from both experimental and computational studies. From the reviewed material it is clear that anti-addition of oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles is strongly favored in intermolecular addition to olefin-palladium complexes even if the nucleophile is coordinated to the metal. On the other hand, syn-addition is common in the case of intramolecular oxy- and amidopalladation as a result of the initial coordination of the internal nucleophile to the metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kočovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles UniversityFlemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6 (Czech Republic), Hlavova 8 12843 Prague 2 (Czech Republic)
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Realistic Simulation of Organometallic Reactivity in Solution by Means of First-Principles Molecular Dynamics. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
22
|
Dong JJ, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Palladium-katalysierte Anti-Markownikoff-Oxidation endständiger Alkene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Dong JJ, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Palladium-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov oxidation of terminal alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:734-44. [PMID: 25367376 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidation of alkenes, the Wacker-Tsuji reaction, is undoubtedly a classic in organic synthesis and provides reliable access to methyl ketones from terminal alkenes under mild reaction conditions. Methods that switch the selectivity of the reaction to provide the aldehyde product are desirable because of the access they provide to a valuable functional group, however such methods are elusive. Herein we survey both the methods which have been developed recently in achieving such selectivity and discuss common features and mechanistic insight which offers promise in achieving the goal of a general method for anti-Markovnikov-selective olefin oxidations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia Dong
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zheng S, Pfaendtner J. Enhanced sampling of chemical and biochemical reactions with metadynamics. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2014.923574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Serrano O, Nicasio-Collazo J, Morales G, Alvarado-Monzón JC, Torres-Huerta A, Höpfl H, López JA, Esqueda AC. Synthesis and Characterization of [Ir(AcacBiMs)(COD)] and [cis-Ir(AcacBiMs)2(COE-OH)]. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oracio Serrano
- Departamento
de Química, Sede Pueblito de Rocha, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Velada s/n, Pueblito de Rocha, C.P. 36040, Guanajuato, México
| | - Juan Nicasio-Collazo
- Departamento
de Química, Sede Pueblito de Rocha, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Velada s/n, Pueblito de Rocha, C.P. 36040, Guanajuato, México
| | - Guadalupe Morales
- Departamento
de Química, Sede Pueblito de Rocha, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Velada s/n, Pueblito de Rocha, C.P. 36040, Guanajuato, México
| | - J. Carlos Alvarado-Monzón
- Departamento
de Química, Sede Pueblito de Rocha, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Velada s/n, Pueblito de Rocha, C.P. 36040, Guanajuato, México
| | - Aarón Torres-Huerta
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Jorge A. López
- Departamento
de Química, Sede Pueblito de Rocha, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Velada s/n, Pueblito de Rocha, C.P. 36040, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ana C. Esqueda
- Centro
de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos No. 17, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, León, C.P. 37000, Guanajuato, México
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stirling A, Nair NN, Lledós A, Ujaque G. Challenges in modelling homogeneous catalysis: new answers from ab initio molecular dynamics to the controversy over the Wacker process. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4940-52. [PMID: 24654007 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the mechanistic studies of the Wacker process stressing the long controversy about the key reaction steps. We give an overview of the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the topic. Then we describe the importance of the most recent Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) calculations in modelling organometallic reactivity in water. As a prototypical example of homogeneous catalytic reactions, the Wacker process poses serious challenges to modelling. The adequate description of the multiple role of the water solvent is very difficult by using static quantum chemical approaches including cluster and continuum solvent models. In contrast, such reaction systems are suitable for AIMD, and by combining with rare event sampling techniques, the method provides reaction mechanisms and the corresponding free energy profiles. The review also highlights how AIMD has helped to obtain a novel understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of the Wacker process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Stirling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of HAS, Budapest, 1519 Budapest P.O. Box 286, Hungary.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Daru J, Stirling A. Divided Saddle Theory: A New Idea for Rate Constant Calculation. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1121-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400970y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- János Daru
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1025, Hungary
- Institute
of Chemistry, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest 1518, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1025, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gordillo A, Ortuño MA, López-Mardomingo C, Lledós A, Ujaque G, de Jesús E. Mechanistic studies on the Pd-catalyzed vinylation of aryl halides with vinylalkoxysilanes in water: the effect of the solvent and NaOH promoter. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13749-63. [PMID: 23968504 DOI: 10.1021/ja404255u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the Pd-catalyzed vinylation of aryl halides with vinylalkoxysilanes in water has been studied using different catalytic precursors. The NaOH promoter converts the initial vinylalkoxysilane into a highly reactive water-soluble vinylsilanolate species. Similarly, deuterium-labeling experiments have shown that, irrespective of the catalytic precursor used, vinylation occurs exclusively at the CH vinylic functionality via a Heck reaction and not at the C-Si bond via a Hiyama cross-coupling. The involvement of a Heck mechanism is interpreted in terms of the reduced nucleophilicity of the base in water, which disfavors the transmetalation step. The Heck product (β-silylvinylarene) undergoes partial desilylation, with formation of a vinylarene, by three different routes: (a) hydrolytic desilylation by the aqueous solvent (only at high temperature); (b) transmetalation of the silyl olefin on the PdH Heck intermediate followed by reductive elimination of vinylarene; (c) reinsertion of the silyl olefin into the PdH bond of the Heck intermediate followed by β-Si syn-elimination. Both the Hiyama and Heck catalytic cycles and desilylation mechanisms b and c have been computationally evaluated for the [Pd(en)Cl2] precursor in water as solvent. The calculated Gibbs energy barriers support the reinsertion route proposed on the basis of the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gordillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá , Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario, E28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Imandi V, Kunnikuruvan S, Nair NN. Hydroxypalladation Precedes the Rate-Determining Step in the Wacker Oxidation of Ethene. Chemistry 2013; 19:4724-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|