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Rudlof J, Glodde T, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Synthesis of Bifunctional Boron‐Lewis Acids – Thorough Investigation of the Adduct Formation with Pyrimidine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rudlof
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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2
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Jana B. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure determination of aluminum hydride complexes of N, N′- Di(isopropyl)ethylenediamine ligand. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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4
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Weisheim E, Weigel S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Trifunctional organometallic frameworks and cages based on all-cis-1,3,5-triethynyl-1,3,5-trisilacyclohexanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4985-4988. [PMID: 30968089 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All-cis-1,3,5-triethynyl-1,3,5-triorganyl-1,3,5-trisilacyclohexanes (organyl R = Me, Ph) offer flexible scaffolds with three concordantly oriented ethynyl groups. Lithiation with n-BuLi affords the dimeric {[CH2Si(R)(C2Li)]3(THF)3}2 with a drum-like structure in high yields. They can be transformed into other trinuclear organometallic derivatives like the trimercury cage species [CH2Si(R)C2HgC2(R)SiCH2]3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Weisheim
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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5
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Niermeier P, Blomeyer S, Bejaoui YKJ, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Bidentate Boron Lewis Acids: Selectivity in Host-Guest Complex Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1965-1969. [PMID: 30576056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bidentate boron Lewis acids based on 1,8-diethynylanthracene were synthesised in two steps by initial stannylation of the terminal alkynes and subsequent tin-boron exchange with different chloroboranes. The reactions were very selective, and the target compounds were obtained in high purity and good to excellent yields. Complexation experiments of 1,8-bis[(diphenylboranyl)ethynyl]anthracene with nitrogen bases (pyridine, pyrimidine, TMEDA) afforded three stable adducts, which were structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction. Competition experiments demonstrated the selective exchange of guests, and quantum-chemical calculations provided information on their energetics. NMR experiments at low temperature gave insight into the dynamic behaviour of the TMEDA adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niermeier
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Younes K J Bejaoui
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - J Louis Beckmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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6
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Uhl W, Tolzmann M, Willeke K, Honacker C, Hepp A, Layh M, Würthwein E. Silicon–Halogen Bond Activation in Mixed Si/Al Compounds and an Approach to Intramolecular Stabilized Silylium Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Tolzmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kira Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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7
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Niermeier P, Blomeyer S, Bejaoui YKJ, Beckmann JL, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Zweizähnige Bor-Lewis-Säuren und ihre Selektivität in der Wirt-Gast-Komplexbildung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niermeier
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Younes K. J. Bejaoui
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - J. Louis Beckmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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8
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Roschke F, Rüffer T, Lang H, Mehring M. Silicon Hydrides and a Hydridosilicate Based on a Bulky Amidoalkoxide Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Roschke
- Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie; Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie; Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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9
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Uhl W, Honacker C, Lawrence N, Hepp A, Schürmann L, Layh M. Hydroalumination of Oligoalkynylgermanes and -digermanes - Reactions with Heterocumulenes by Al-C or Ge-C Bond Activation and Formation of a Hexazenedialuminum Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Neil Lawrence
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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10
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Martens A, Petersen O, Scherer H, Riddlestone I, Krossing I. From a (Pseudo) Aluminum Sesquihalide Al2(Et)3(ORF)3 to Me3Si–Cl–Al(ORF)3 (RF = C(CF3)3). Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Martens
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Petersen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Horstmann J, Hyseni M, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Von zweizähnigen Gallium-Lewis-Säuren zu supramolekularen Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Horstmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Mentor Hyseni
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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12
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Horstmann J, Hyseni M, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. From Bidentate Gallium Lewis Acids to Supramolecular Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6107-6111. [PMID: 28418175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bidentate gallium Lewis acids were prepared by the reaction of diethynyldiphenylsilane with neat trimethyl- or triethylgallium. Bis[(dimethylgallyl)ethynyl]diphenylsilane (1) and diethylgallyl derivative 2 were characterized as Et2 O or pyridine adducts by NMR spectroscopy; 2⋅2Py was isolated. Lewis acids 1 and 2 form host-guest adducts with bidentate nitrogen bases, but defined cyclic 1:1 adducts are only formed between 1 and bases with matching N⋅⋅⋅N distances: 4,4'-dimethyl-3,3'-bipyridinylacetylene (3), bis[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]diphenylsilane (4), and bis[(2-methylpyridin-5-yl)ethynyl]diphenylsilane (5). The structures of adducts 1⋅3, 1⋅4, and 1⋅5 were established by X-ray diffraction experiments. 2⋅2Py reacts with DABCO to afford polymeric (DABCO-2-)n .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Horstmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM2, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mentor Hyseni
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM2, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM2, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM2, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM2, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, CM2, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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14
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Uhl W, Honacker C, Hepp A, Layh M, Würthwein E. σ‐Bond Activation in Aluminium‐Functionalized Alkynylchlorogermanes: Facile Insertion of Isocyanate and Azide into Al–C and Ge–Cl Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
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Honacker C, Qu ZW, Tannert J, Layh M, Hepp A, Grimme S, Uhl W. Functionalized alkynyl-chlorogermanes: hydrometallation, Ge-Cl bond activation, Ge-H bond formation and chlorine-tert-butyl exchange via a transient germyl cation. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6159-74. [PMID: 26610394 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03918e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of alkynyl-arylchlorogermanes ArylnGe(Cl)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-(t)Bu)3-n (n = 1, 2) with HM(t)Bu2 (M = Al, Ga) yielded mixed Al or Ga alkenyl-alkynylchlorogermanes via hydrometallation reactions. Intramolecular interactions between the Lewis-basic Cl atoms and the Lewis-acidic Al or Ga atoms afforded MCGeCl heterocycles. The endocyclic M-Cl distances were significantly lengthened compared to the starting compounds and indicated Ge-Cl bond activation. Dual hydrometallation succeeded only with HGa(t)Bu2. One Ga atom of the product was involved in a Ga-Cl bond, while the second one had an interaction to a C-H bond of a phenyl group. In two cases treatment of chlorogermanes with two equivalents of HAl(t)Bu2 resulted in hydroalumination of one alkynyl group and formation of unprecedented Ge-H functionalized germanes, Aryl-Ge(H)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-(t)Bu)[C(Al(t)Bu2)[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)-(t)Bu] (Aryl = mesityl, triisopropylphenyl). The Al atoms of these compounds interacted with the α-C atoms of the alkynyl groups. Ph(Cl)Ge(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-(t)Bu)[C(Al(t)Bu2}[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)-(t)Bu] reacted in an unusual Cl/(t)Bu exchange to yield the tert-butylgermane Ph((t)Bu)Ge(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-(t)Bu)[C{Al((t)Bu)(Cl)}[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)-(t)Bu]. Quantum chemical calculations suggested the formation of a germyl cation as a transient intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Uhl W, Kappelt B, Kappelt F, Bohnemann J, Layh M. Hydroalumination and hydrogallation of an aryl-chloro-dialkynylsilane: Si–Cl bond activation by intramolecular Al–Cl and Ga–Cl interactions. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The chlorine functionalized dialkynylsilane (4-
t
Bu-C6H4)(Cl)Si(C≡C-
t
Bu)2 (3) reacted with equimolar quantities of H–Al
t
Bu2 or H–Ga
t
Bu2 by hydrometallation of a C≡C triple bond and formation of mixed alkenyl-alkynylsilanes (4 and 5) in which the Si and Lewis acidic metal atoms adopt geminal positions at the α-C atoms of the alkenyl groups. Intramolecular M···Cl interactions (M=Al, Ga) afforded four-membered SiCMCl heterocycles which in comparison with 3 had significantly lengthened Si–Cl bonds. Dual hydrometallation of 3 was only observed for H–Ga
t
Bu2. One Ga atom of the product (6) was coordinated by the silicon-bound Cl atom, while the second one showed an interaction with the aromatic ring of the tert-butyl-phenyl group. Treatment of the aluminium compound 4 with two equivalents of H–Ga
t
Bu2 afforded a Si–H bond by Cl-H exchange and release of Cl–Al
t
Bu2. The resulting silane (7) has the Si atom and two Ga atoms bridged by the α-C atoms of two vinyl groups. The specific functionality of 4 caused a remarkable reactivity. Phenyl isocyanate reacted by the formal insertion into the Al–C(vinyl) and the activated Si–Cl bonds and resulted in the formation of a C–C bond. The product (8) has a SiC2N heterocycle with an Si–N bond and exocyclic C=C and C=O double bonds. The keto group is coordinated to a Cl–Al
t
Bu2 molecule, which was formed by the shift of the Cl atom from silicon to aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kappelt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Kappelt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Bohnemann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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17
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Sheikh NS. Type-I dyotropic rearrangement for 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes: substitution effect on activation energy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25482e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory aptitude and contribution of specific structural features of synthetically valuable functional groups and halogen atoms in type-I dyotropic rearrangement for both symmetric and unsymmetrical 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes are computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Faisal University
- Al-Ahsa 31982
- Saudi Arabia
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18
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Weisheim E, Bücker L, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Tridentate Lewis acids with phenyl substituted 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane backbones. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:198-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane scaffold with axially orientated ethynyl groups provides opportunities to create new tridentate Lewis acids. Some examples of these Lewis acids have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Weisheim
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Lisa Bücker
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- 33615 Bielefeld
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Croisant MF, Van Hoveln R, Schomaker JM. Formal Dyotropic Rearrangements in Organometallic Transformations. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khan E, Wrackmeyer B, Kempe R, Glatz G. Synthesis of 4-silaspiro[3.4]octa-1,5-diene derivatives: hybrid spiro compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Malakand; 18550 Chakdara, Dir (Lower) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Bernd Wrackmeyer
- Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; D-95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; D-95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Germund Glatz
- Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; D-95440 Bayreuth Germany
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Uhl W, Pelties S, Tannert J, Ravoo BJ, Würthwein EU. Germacyclobutenes: generation by 1,1-carbalumination or 1,1-carbagallation and their photophysical properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:2629-37. [PMID: 25522339 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium- and gallium-functionalised alkenylalkynylgermanes, R(1) 2 Ge(C≡C-R(2) )[C{E(CMe3 )2 }=C(H)-R(2) ] (E=Al, Ga), exhibit a close contact between the coordinatively unsaturated Al or Ga atoms and the α-C atoms of the intact ethynyl groups. These interactions activate the Ge-C(alkynyl) bonds and favour the thermally induced insertion of these C atoms into the E-C(vinyl) bonds by means of 1,1-carbalumination or 1,1-carbagallation reactions. For the first time the latter method was shown to be a powerful alternative to known metallation processes. Germacyclobutenes with an unsaturated GeC3 heterocycle and endo- and exocyclic C=C bonds resulted from concomitant Ge-C bond formation to the β-C atoms of the alkynyl groups. These heterocyclic compounds show an interesting photoluminescence behaviour with Stokes shifts of >110 nm. The fascinating properties are based on extended π-delocalisation including σ*-orbitals localised at Ge and Al. High-level quantum chemical DFT and TD-DFT calculations for an Al compound were applied to elucidate their absorption and emission properties. They revealed a biradical excited state with the transfer of a π-electron into the empty p-orbital at Al and a pyramidalisation of the metal atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251-8336660.
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Uhl W, Tannert J, Honacker C, Layh M, Qu ZW, Risthaus T, Grimme S. Cooperative Ge-N Bond activation in aluminium-functionalised aminogermanes and spontaneous imine elimination via an intermediate germyl cation. Chemistry 2015; 21:2638-50. [PMID: 25521391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrometallation of iPr2 N-Ge(CMe3 )(C≡C-CMe3 )2 with H-M(CMe3 )2 (M=Al, Ga) affords alkenyl-alkynylgermanes in which the Lewis-acidic metal atoms are not coordinated by the amino N atoms but by the α-C atoms of the ethynyl groups. These interactions result in a lengthening of the Ge-C bonds by approximately 10 pm and a comparably strong deviation of the Ge-CC angle from linearity (154.3(1)°). This unusual behaviour may be caused by steric shielding of the N atoms. Coordination of the metal atoms by the amino groups is observed upon hydrometallation of Et2 N-Ge(C6 H5 )(C≡C-CMe3 )2 , bearing a smaller NR2 group. Strong M-N interactions lead to a lengthening of the Ge-N bonds by 10 to 15 pm and a strong deviation of the M atoms from the MC3 plane by 52 and 47 pm, for Al and Ga, respectively. Dual hydrometallation is achieved only with HAl(CMe3 )2 . In the product, there is a strong Al-N bond with converging Al-N and Ge-N distances (208 vs. 200 pm) and an interaction of the second Al atom to the phenyl group. Addition of chloride anions terminates the latter interaction while the activated Ge-N bond undergoes an unprecedented elimination of EtN=C(H)Me at room temperature, leading to a germane with a Ge-H bond. State-of-the-art DFT calculations reveal that the unique mechanism comprises the transfer of the amino group from Ge to Al to yield an intermediate germyl cation as a strong Lewis acid, which induces β-hydride elimination, with chloride binding being crucial for providing the thermodynamic driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251-8336660.
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Klöcker H, Roters S, Hepp A, Uhl W. Alkynyl functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pairs – aluminium alkynide elimination and evidence for the formation of 3H-phosphaallenes [R-PCC(H)-tBu]. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12670-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroalumination of dialkynylphosphines by H-Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2afforded alkenyl–alkynyl phosphines which eliminate dialkylaluminium alkynides spontaneously to form phosphaallenes, aryl-PCC(H)-tBu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Klöcker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Steffi Roters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
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Uhl W, Appelt C, Wollschläger A, Hepp A, Würthwein EU. An Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair as an efficient ambiphilic ligand: coordination of boron trihalides, rearrangement, and formation of HBX₂ complexes (X = Br, I). Inorg Chem 2014; 53:8991-9. [PMID: 25144381 DOI: 10.1021/ic5009126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2P-C(═CH-Ph)-Al(CMe3)2 (1) reacted with boron halides BX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) as an ambiphilic ligand to form complexes (2-5) in which the boron atoms were coordinated to phosphorus and one of the halogen atoms to aluminum. Nonplanar five-membered heterocycles resulted that had five different ring atoms (AlCPBX). The distance of the bridging halogen atoms to the AlCPB plane increased steadily with the radius of the halogen atoms. Only the BF3 adduct showed a dynamic behavior in solution at room temperature with equivalent tert-butyl or mesityl groups in the NMR spectra, while in other cases, the rigid conformation led to the magnetic inequivalence of the substituents at Al and P with well-resolved signals for each group. The BBr3 and BI3 complexes underwent in solution at room temperature a spontaneous stereoselective rearrangement with the concomitant release of isobutene. The obtained products, Mes2P-(μ-C═CH-Ph)(μ-HBX2)-AlX(CMe3) (6 and 7) may be viewed as unique adducts of a modified new Al/P-based FLP, Mes2P-C(═CH-Ph)-AlX(CMe3) (X = Br, I), with dihalogenboranes, HBX2. The trapped boranes are either completely unknown (X = I) or unstable in the free form. Quantum-chemical calculations suggest an ionic rearrangement mechanism via the formation of a borenium cation, β-hydride elimination, and hydride transfer. The bromine migration from boron to aluminum corresponds to a formal suprafacial 1,3-sigmatropic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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