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Mukhopadhyay A, Liu K, Paulino V, Olivier JH. Modulating the Conduction Band Energies of Si Electrode Interfaces Functionalized with Monolayers of a Bay-Substituted Perylene Bisimide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4266-4275. [PMID: 35353503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The confinement of π-conjugated chromophores on silicon (Si) electrode surfaces is a powerful approach to engineer electroresponsive monolayers relevant to microelectronics, electrocatalysis, and information storage and processing. While common strategies to functionalize Si interfaces exploit molecularly dissolved building blocks, only a handful number of studies have leveraged the structure-function relationships of π-aggregates to tune the electronic structures of hybrid monolayers at Si interfaces. Herein, we show that the semiconducting properties of n-type monolayers constructed on Si electrodes are intimately correlated to the initial aggregation state of π-conjugated chromophore precursors derived from bay-substituted perylene bisimide (PBI) units. Specifically, our study unravels that for n-type monolayers engineered using PBI π-aggregates, the cathodic reduction potentials required to inject negative charge carriers into the conduction bands can be stabilized by 295 mV through reversible switching of the maximum anodic potential (MAP) that is applied during the oxidative cycles (+0.5 or +1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl). This redox-assisted stabilization effect is not observed with n-type monolayers derived from molecularly dissolved PBI cores and monolayers featuring a low surface density of the redox-active probes. These findings unequivocally point to the crucial role played by PBI π-aggregates in modulating the conduction band energies of n-type monolayers where a high MAP of +1.5 V enables the formation of electronic trap states that facilitate electron injection when sweeping back to cathodic potentials. Because the structure-function relationships of PBI π-aggregates are shown to modulate the semiconducting properties of hybrid n-type monolayers constructed at Si interfaces, our results hold promising opportunities to develop redox-switchable monolayers for engineering nonvolatile electronic memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Center, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Center, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Victor Paulino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Center, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Jean-Hubert Olivier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Center, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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2
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Sarkar A, Sasmal R, Das A, Venugopal A, Agasti SS, George SJ. Tricomponent Supramolecular Multiblock Copolymers with Tunable Composition via Sequential Seeded Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18209-18216. [PMID: 34111324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of supramolecular block co-polymers (BCP) with small monomers and predictive sequence requires elegant molecular design and synthetic strategies. Herein we report the unparalleled synthesis of tri-component supramolecular BCPs with tunable microstructure by a kinetically controlled sequential seeded supramolecular polymerization of fluorescent π-conjugated monomers. Core-substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) derivatives with different core substitutions and appended with β-sheet forming peptide side chains provide perfect monomer design with spectral complementarity, pathway complexity and minimal structural mismatch to synthesize and characterize the multi-component BCPs. The distinct fluorescent nature of various cNDI monomers aids the spectroscopic probing of the seeded growth process and the microscopic visualization of resultant supramolecular BCPs using Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM). Kinetically controlled sequential seeded supramolecular polymerization presented here is reminiscent of the multi-step synthesis of covalent BCPs via living chain polymerization. These findings provide a promising platform for constructing unique functional organic heterostructures for various optoelectronic and catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Angshuman Das
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Akhil Venugopal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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3
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Sarkar A, Sasmal R, Das A, Venugopal A, Agasti SS, George SJ. Tricomponent Supramolecular Multiblock Copolymers with Tunable Composition via Sequential Seeded Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Angshuman Das
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Akhil Venugopal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Sarit S. Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Subi J. George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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4
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Rather IA, Wagay SA, Ali R. Emergence of anion-π interactions: The land of opportunity in supramolecular chemistry and beyond. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Higgs PL, Ruiz-Sanchez AJ, Dalmina M, Horrocks BR, Leach AG, Fulton DA. Enhancing the kinetics of hydrazone exchange processes: an experimental and computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3218-3224. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bond acceptors (A) stabilize the transition state, lowering the energy barrier to rapid hydrazone exchange, without need for exogenous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Higgs
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Antonio J. Ruiz-Sanchez
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Milene Dalmina
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Benjamin R. Horrocks
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
- James Parsons Building
- Liverpool John Moores University
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - David A. Fulton
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
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Kaufmann C, Bialas D, Stolte M, Würthner F. Discrete π-Stacks of Perylene Bisimide Dyes within Folda-Dimers: Insight into Long- and Short-Range Exciton Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9986-9995. [PMID: 29992819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four well-defined π-stacks of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes were obtained in solution by covalent linkage of two chromophores with spacer units of different length and sterical demand. Structural elucidation of the folda-dimers by in-depth nuclear magnetic resonance studies and geometry optimization at the level of density functional theory suggest different, but highly defined molecular arrangements of the two chromophores in the folded state enforced by the various spacer moieties. Remarkably, the dye stacks exhibit considerably different optical properties as investigated by UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, despite only slightly different chromophore arrangements. The distinct absorption properties can be rationalized by an interplay of long- and short-range exciton coupling resulting in optical signatures ranging from conventional H-type to monomer like absorption features with low and appreciably high fluorescence quantum yields, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first experimental proof of a PBI-based "null-aggregate", in which long- and short-range exciton coupling fully compensate each other, giving rise to monomer-like absorption features for a stack of two PBI chromophores. Hence, our insights pinpoint the importance of charge-transfer mediated short-range coupling that can significantly influence the optical properties of PBI π-stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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Li L, Hong YJ, Lin Y, Xiao WC, Lin MJ. An electron-deficient nanosized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with enhanced anion–π interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11941-11944. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A super-electron-deficient nano-sized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with six imide groups at the corners has been synthesized, which exhibited enhanced anion–π interactions with various anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- China
| | | | - Yun Lin
- Testing Centre, Fuzhou University
- China
| | - Wang-Chuan Xiao
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering
- Sanming Institute of Fluorochemical Industry
- Sanming University
- China
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Abstract
This report focuses on the remote control of anion-π catalysis by electric fields. We have synthesized and immobilized anion-π catalysts to explore the addition reaction of malonic acid half thioesters to enolate acceptors on conductive indium tin oxide surfaces. Exposed to increasing electric fields, anion-π catalysts show an increase in activity and an inversion of selectivity. These changes originate from a more than 100-fold rate enhancement of the disfavored enolate addition reaction that coincides with an increase in selectivity of transition-state recognition by up to -14.8 kJ mol-1. The addition of nitrate with strong π affinity nullified (IC50 = 2.2 mM) the responsiveness of anion-π catalysts to electric fields. These results support that the polarization of the π-acidic naphthalenediimide surface in anion-π catalysts with electric fields increases the recognition of anionic intermediates and transition states on this polarized π surface, that is, the existence and relevance of electric-field-assisted anion-π catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Akamatsu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Bolag A, Sakai N, Matile S. Dipolar Photosystems: Engineering Oriented Push-Pull Components into Double- and Triple-Channel Surface Architectures. Chemistry 2016; 22:9006-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Bolag
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials; Inner Mongolia Normal University; Hohhot P. R. China
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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Miros FN, Matile S. Core-Substituted Naphthalenediimides: LUMO Levels Revisited, in Comparison with Preylenediimides with Sulfur Redox Switches in the Core. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:219-26. [PMID: 27551658 PMCID: PMC4984407 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Core‐substituted naphthalenediimides (NDIs) attract increasing attention to bind, transport, and transform electrons, anions, anionic intermediates, and anionic transition states, and to shine as most colorful rainbow fluorophores. The energy level of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is decisive for many of these applications. Here, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements for a consistent series of NDIs are reported to extract exact LUMO levels under identical conditions. The influence of primary and secondary substituents in the core and on the primary imides is compared with general trends for the reliable prediction of LUMO levels in functional systems. Emphasis is on sulfur redox switches in the NDI core because of their frequent use as isostructural probes for π acidity. The same sulfur redox chemistry is expanded to perylenediimides (PDIs), and LUMO engineering is discussed in a broader context, including also fullerenes, aminonaphthalimides (ANIs), and aminoperyleneimides (APIs). The result is a comprehensive reference table that graphically maps out the LUMO space covered by the leading families of electronaccepting aromatics. This graphical summary of general trends in the π‐acidic space is expected to be both inspiring and quite useful in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- François N Miros
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Kumar Y, Kumar S, Kumar Keshri S, Shukla J, Singh SS, Thakur TS, Denti M, Facchetti A, Mukhopadhyay P. Synthesis of Octabromoperylene Dianhydride and Diimides: Evidence of Halogen Bonding and Semiconducting Properties. Org Lett 2016; 18:472-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Keshri
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shiv Shankar Singh
- Molecular
and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Tejender S. Thakur
- Molecular
and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mitchell Denti
- Polyera Corporation, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Polyera Corporation, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Zhang KD, Sakai N, Matile S. Colorful surface architectures with three different types of dynamic covalent bonds: integration of anthocyanins, tritylium ions and flavins. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8687-94. [PMID: 26179486 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although they combine the best of covalent and non-covalent bonds, dynamic covalent bonds are usually not used together. Building on pioneering examples for functional systems with two orthogonal dynamic covalent bonds, we herein elaborate on multicomponent surface architectures that operate with three different types of dynamic covalent bonds. Disulfide exchange under basic conditions is used to grow single π stacks directly on oxide surfaces, hydrazone exchange under acidic conditions to add a second string or stack, and boronic-ester exchange under neutral conditions to build the third one. In this study, we show that this synthetic approach to complex systems provides access to emergent properties, as exemplified with ordered stacks of anthocyanins, pyrocatchol violet and riboflavins. The integration of anthocyanins, the central component of the pigments of plant flowers, is interesting to protect the blue flavylium cation against deprotonation, deplanarization and degradation. The integration of pyrocatchol violet is of interest to stabilize the blue, disfavored tritylium cation. The red riboflavin stacks are attractive because they generate high photocurrent. These colorful examples hint at the potential of synthetic methods that use three different types of dynamic covalent bonds in concert to build complex systems with emergent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Da Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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