1
|
Zhou D, Chu W, Chen H, Xu J. Exploration of Directing-Group-Assisted, Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination and Radiosynthesis of [ 18F]Olaparib. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:116-122. [PMID: 38229754 PMCID: PMC10788942 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) of organoboronic precursors is the method of choice for late-stage radiofluorination of aromatic compounds as positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. However, CMRF generally requires harsh reaction conditions, a large amount of substrates, and harsh solvents (e.g., DMA) to proceed, affording variable radiochemical yields (RCYs). Using [18F]tosyl fluoride as the source of [18F]fluoride, we have found a highly efficient CMRF of organoboronic precursors, assisted by a directing group (DG) at the ortho position. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions (even at room temperature) in acetonitrile and results in high RCYs, providing a novel strategy for the radiofluorination of aromatic compounds. The exploration of this strategy also provided more information about side reactions in CMRF. Using this strategy, [18F]olaparib has been radiosynthesized in high RCYs, with high molar activity and high chemical and radiochemical purities, demonstrating the great potential of DG-assisted CMRF in the preparation of 18F-labeled PET radiotracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou D, Chu W, Xu J. A practical protocol for large-scale copper-mediated radioiodination of organoboronic precursors: Radiosynthesis of [ 123 I]KX-1 for Auger radiotherapy. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:435-439. [PMID: 37735764 PMCID: PMC10872812 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic copper-mediated radioiodination (CMRI) of organoboronic precursors with radioiodides is a promising method of radioiodination. The previously reported CMRI has demonstrated its great potential and scope of labeling for the radiosynthesis of radioiodine-labeled compounds. However, the reported protocols (using a small amount/volume of radioactivity) are practically not reproducible in large-scale CMRI, in which the radioactivity was usually provided in a bulk alkaline solution. A large amount of water and a strong base are incompatible with CMRI. To overcome these issues in large-scale CMRI, we have developed a simple protocol for large-scale CMRI. The bulk water was removed under a flow of inert gas at 110°C, and the strong base (i.e., NaOH) was neutralized with an acid, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonic acid. In the model reactions of [123 I]KX-1, a PARP-1 radioligand for Auger radiotherapy, radiochemical conversions were significantly improved after neutralization of the base, and the addition of additional acids was tolerated and favorable for the reactions. Using this protocol, [123 I]KX-1 was radiosynthesized from 20 mCi (0.74 GBq) of [123 I]iodide in high radiochemical yields, high radiochemical purity, and high molar activity. This protocol should be applicable to the radiosynthesis of other compounds with radioiodine via CMRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu Y, He Y, Schibli R, Mu L, van Dam RM. Proof-of-concept optimization of a copper-mediated 18F-radiosynthesis of a novel MAGL PET tracer on a high-throughput microdroplet platform and its macroscale translation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4652-4663. [PMID: 37818614 PMCID: PMC10608794 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper-mediated radiofluorination has demonstrated remarkable potential in forming aromatic C-18F bonds of radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET). Achieving optimal results often requires optimization efforts, requiring a substantial amount of radiolabeling precursor and time, severely limiting the experimental throughput. Recently, we successfully showcased the feasibility of performing and optimizing Cu-mediated radiosynthesis on a high-throughput microdroplet platform using the well-known and clinically used radioligand [18F]FDOPA as an illustrative example. In our current work, we optimized the Cu-mediated synthesis of a novel monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) PET tracer ([18F]YH149), showing the versatility of droplet-based techniques for early stage tracer development. Across 5 days, we conducted a total of 117 experiments, studying 36 distinct conditions, while utilizing <15 mg of total organoboron precursor. Compared to the original report in which the radiochemical yield (RCY) was 4.4 ± 0.5% (n = 5), the optimized droplet condition provided a substantial improvement in RCY (52 ± 8%, n = 4) and showed excellent radiochemical purity (100%) and molar activity (77-854 GBq μmol-1), using a starting activity of 0.2-1.45 GBq. Furthermore, we showed for the first time a translation of the optimized microscale conditions to a vial-based method. With similar starting activity (0.2-1.44 GBq), the translated synthesis exhibited a comparable RCY of 50 ± 10% (n = 4) while maintaining excellent radiochemical purity (100%) and acceptable molar activity (20-46 GBq μmol-1). The successful translation to vial-based reactions ensures wider applicability of the optimized synthesis by leveraging widely available commercial vial-based synthesis modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Lu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yingfang He
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haveman LYF, Vugts DJ, Windhorst AD. State of the art procedures towards reactive [ 18F]fluoride in PET tracer synthesis. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:28. [PMID: 37824021 PMCID: PMC10570257 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful, non-invasive preclinical and clinical nuclear imaging technique used in disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. Fluorine-18 is the predominant radionuclide used for PET tracer synthesis. An impressive variety of new 'late-stage' radiolabeling methodologies for the preparation of 18F-labeled tracers has appeared in order to improve the efficiency of the labeling reaction. MAIN BODY Despite these developments, one outstanding challenge into the early key steps of the process remains: the preparation of reactive [18F]fluoride from oxygen-18 enriched water ([18O]H2O). In the last decade, significant changes into the trapping, elution and drying stages have been introduced. This review provides an overview of the strategies and recent developments in the production of reactive [18F]fluoride and its use for radiolabeling. CONCLUSION Improved, modified or even completely new fluorine-18 work-up procedures have been developed in the last decade with widespread use in base-sensitive nucleophilic 18F-fluorination reactions. The many promising developments may lead to a few standardized drying methodologies for the routine production of a broad scale of PET tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Y F Haveman
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoffmann C, Kolks N, Smets D, Haseloer A, Gröner B, Urusova EA, Endepols H, Neumaier F, Ruschewitz U, Klein A, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Next Generation Copper Mediators for the Efficient Production of 18 F-Labeled Aromatics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202965. [PMID: 36214204 PMCID: PMC10100267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cu-mediated radiofluorination is a versatile tool for the preparation of 18 F-labeled (hetero)aromatics. In this work, we systematically evaluated a series of complexes and identified several generally applicable mediators for highly efficient radiofluorination of aryl boronic and stannyl substrates. Utilization of these mediators in nBuOH/DMI or DMI significantly improved 18 F-labeling yields despite use of lower precursor amounts. Impressively, application of 2.5 μmol aryl boronic acids was sufficient to achieve 18 F-labeling yields of up to 75 %. The practicality of the novel mediators was demonstrated by efficient production of five PET-tracers and transfer of the method to an automated radiosynthesis module. In addition, (S)-3-[18 F]FPhe and 6-[18 F]FDOPA were prepared in activity yields of 23±1 % and 30±3 % using only 2.5 μmol of the corresponding boronic acid or trimethylstannyl precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hoffmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Niklas Kolks
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Smets
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Haseloer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt Gröner
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Elizaveta A Urusova
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Isotopic Radiolabeling of the Antiretroviral Drug [ 18F]Dolutegravir for Pharmacokinetic PET Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050587. [PMID: 35631413 PMCID: PMC9143889 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the drug/virus/host interactions at infected cell reservoirs is a key leading to HIV-1 remission for which positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using radiolabeled antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is a powerful asset. Dolutegravir (DTG) is one of the preferred therapeutic options to treat HIV and can be isotopically labeled with fluorine-18. [18F]DTG was synthesized via a three-step approach of radiofluorination/nitrile reduction/peptide coupling with optimization for each step. Radiofluorination was performed on 2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzonitrile in 90% conversion followed by nitrile reduction using sodium borohydride and aqueous nickel(II) chloride with 72% conversion. Final peptide coupling reaction followed by HPLC purification and formulation afforded ready-to-inject [18F]DTG in 5.1 ± 0.8% (n = 10) decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 95 min. The whole process was automatized using a TRACERlab® FX NPro module, and quality control performed by analytical HPLC showed that [18F]DTG was suitable for in vivo injection with >99% chemical and radiochemical purity and a molar activity of 83 ± 18 GBq/µmol (n = 10). Whole-body distribution of [18F]DTG was performed by PET imaging on a healthy macaque and highlighted the elimination routes of the tracer. This study demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo [18F]DTG PET imaging and paved the way to explore drug/virus/tissues interactions in animals and humans.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gendron T, Destro G, Straathof NJW, Sap JBI, Guibbal F, Vriamont C, Caygill C, Atack JR, Watkins AJ, Marshall C, Hueting R, Warnier C, Gouverneur V, Tredwell M. multi-patient dose synthesis of [18F]Flumazenil via a copper-mediated 18F-fluorination. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:5. [PMID: 35306596 PMCID: PMC8934836 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flumazenil (FMZ) is a functionally silent imidazobenzodiazepine which binds to the benzodiazepine binding site of approximately 75% of the brain γ-aminobutyric acid-A receptors (GABAARs). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the GABAARs with [11C]FMZ has been used to evidence alterations in neuronal density, to assess target engagement of novel pharmacological agents, and to study disorders such as epilepsy and Huntington’s disease. Despite the potential of FMZ PET imaging the short half-life (t1/2) of carbon-11 (20 min) has limited the more widespread clinical use of [11C]FMZ. The fluorine-18 (18F) isotopologue with a longer t1/2 (110 min) is ideally suited to address this drawback. However, the majority of current radiochemical methods for the synthesis of [18F]FMZ are non-trivial and low yielding. We report a robust, automated protocol that is good manufacturing practice (GMP) compatible, and yields multi-patient doses of [18F]FMZ. Results The fully automated synthesis was developed on the Trasis AllinOne (AIO) platform using a single-use cassette. [18F]FMZ was synthesized in a one-step procedure from [18F]fluoride, via a copper-mediated 18F-fluorination of a boronate ester precursor. Purification was performed by semi-preparative radio-HPLC and the collected fraction formulated directly into the final product vial. The overall process from start of synthesis to delivery of product is approximately 55 min. Starting with an initial activity of 23.6 ± 5.8 GBq (n = 3) activity yields of [18F]FMZ were 8.0 ± 1 GBq (n = 3). The synthesis was successfully reproduced at two independent sites, where the product passed quality control release criteria in line with the European Pharmacopoeia standards and ICH Q3D(R1) guidelines to be suitable for human use. Conclusion Reported is a fully automated cassette-based synthesis of [18F]FMZ that is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compatible and produces multi-patient doses of [18F]FMZ. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-022-00158-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Destro
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jeroen B I Sap
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Florian Guibbal
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Claire Caygill
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - John R Atack
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Andrew J Watkins
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Christopher Marshall
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rebekka Hueting
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK. .,School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou D, Chu W, Katzenellenbogen JA. Exploration of alcohol-enhanced Cu-mediated radiofluorination toward practical labeling. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2022; 65:13-20. [PMID: 34617619 PMCID: PMC8727449 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using boronic precursors is a promising, general method to label aromatic compounds with [18 F]fluoride. However, in various reports, large amounts of precursor (60 μmol) were needed to achieve high radiochemical conversions (RCCs), which is neither ideal nor practical for the preparation of 18 F radiopharmaceuticals. To investigate this matter, we studied alcohol-enhanced Cu-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using a variety of model reactions in which we varied the concentration of [18 F]fluoride (no carrier added or isotope diluted) and the amount of precursor, base, and Cu(OTF)2 (Py)4 . We found that lower amounts of precursors (e.g., 15 μmol) could be used and that the amount of base (e.g., K2 CO3 or KHCO3 ) played a critical and limiting role in the labeling reactions. Greater than one-equivalent of base and sufficient amounts of precursors and Cu(OTf)2 (Py)4 were required to achieve good to high RCCs. The RCCs were also dependent on the overall concentration of the labeling reactions, with low reaction volumes and high concentrations of reagents being preferred. Our findings will help to improve the design of radiolabeling protocols using alcohol-enhanced copper-mediated radiofluorination of boronic precursors for the preparation of 18 F labeled radiopharmaceuticals and other radiohalogen-labeled compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801s
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Endepols H, Zlatopolskiy BD, Zischler J, Alavinejad N, Apetz N, Vus S, Drzezga A, Neumaier B. Imaging of cerebral tryptophan metabolism using 7-[ 18F]FTrp-PET in a unilateral Parkinsonian rat model. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118842. [PMID: 34942366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation products of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) are important signaling molecules in the mammalian brain. Trp is metabolized either through the kynurenine pathway or enters serotonin and melatonin syntheses. The aim of the present work was to examine the potential of the novel PET tracer 7-[18F]fluorotryptophan ([18F]FTrp) to visualize all three pathways in a unilateral 6-OHDA rat model. [18F]FDOPA-PET scans were performed in nine 6-OHDA-injected and six sham-operated rats to assess unilateral dopamine depletion severity four weeks after lesion placement. Afterwards, 7-[18F]FTrp-PET scans were conducted at different timepoints up to seven months after 6-OHDA injection. In addition, two 6-OHDA-injected rats were examined for neuroinflammation using [18F]DAA1106-PET. 7-[18F]FTrp-PET showed significantly increased tracer uptake at the 6-OHDA injection site which was negatively correlated to time after lesion placement. Accumulation of [18F]DAA1106 at the injection site was increased as well, suggesting that 7-[18F]FTrp uptake in this region may reflect kynurenine pathway activity associated with inflammation. Bilaterally in the dorsal hippocampus, 7-[18F]FTrp uptake was significantly decreased and was inversely correlated to dopamine depletion severity, indicating that it reflects reduced serotonin synthesis. Finally, 7-[18F]FTrp uptake in the pineal gland was significantly increased in relation with dopamine depletion severity, providing evidence that melatonin synthesis is increased in the 6-OHDA rat model. We conclude that 7-[18F]FTrp is able to detect alterations in both serotonin/melatonin and kynurenine metabolic pathways, and can be applied to visualize pathologic changes related to neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Endepols
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Zischler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nazanin Alavinejad
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nadine Apetz
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Vus
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Molecular Organization of the Brain (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bratteby K, Shalgunov V, Battisti UM, Petersen IN, van den Broek SL, Ohlsson T, Gillings N, Erlandsson M, Herth MM. Insights into Elution of Anion Exchange Cartridges: Opening the Path toward Aliphatic 18F-Radiolabeling of Base-Sensitive Tracers. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1556-1566. [PMID: 34661074 PMCID: PMC8506604 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Aliphatic nucleophilic
substitution (SN2) with [18F]fluoride is the
most widely applied method to prepare 18F-labeled positron
emission tomography (PET) tracers. Strong
basic conditions commonly used during 18F-labeling procedures
inherently limit or prohibit labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds.
The high basicity stems from the tradition to trap [18F]fluoride
on anion exchange cartridges and elute it afterward with basic anions.
This sequence is used to facilitate the transfer of [18F]fluoride from an aqueous to an aprotic organic, polar reaction
medium, which is beneficial for SN2 reactions. Furthermore,
this sequence also removes cationic radioactive contaminations from
cyclotron-irradiated [18O]water from which [18F]fluoride is produced. In this study, we developed an efficient
elution procedure resulting in low basicity that permits SN2 18F-labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds. Extensive
screening of trapping and elution conditions (>1000 experiments)
and
studying their influence on the radiochemical yield (RCY) allowed
us to identify a suitable procedure for this. Using this procedure,
four PET tracers and three synthons could be radiolabeled in substantially
higher RCYs (up to 2.5-fold) compared to those of previously published
procedures, even from lower precursor amounts. Encouraged by these
results, we applied our low-basicity method to the radiolabeling of
highly base-sensitive tetrazines, which cannot be labeled using state-of-art
direct aliphatic 18F-labeling procedures. Labeling succeeded
in RCYs of up to 20%. We believe that our findings facilitate PET
tracer development by opening the path toward simple and direct SN2 18F fluorination of base-sensitive substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klas Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Nyman Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Production of 6-l-[ 18F]Fluoro- m-tyrosine in an Automated Synthesis Module for 11C-Labeling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185550. [PMID: 34577021 PMCID: PMC8468244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
6-l-[18F]Fluoro-m-tyrosine (6-l-[18F]FMT) represents a valuable alternative to 6-l-[18F]FDOPA which is conventionally used for the diagnosis and staging of Parkinson’s disease. However, clinical applications of 6-l-[18F]FMT have been limited by the paucity of practical production methods for its automated production. Herein we describe the practical preparation of 6-l-[18F]FMT using alcohol-enhanced Cu-mediated radiofluorination of Bpin-substituted chiral Ni(II) complex in the presence of non-basic Bu4ONTf using a volatile iPrOH/MeCN mixture as reaction solvent. A simple and fast radiolabeling procedure afforded the tracer in 20.0 ± 3.0% activity yield within 70 min. The developed method was directly implemented onto a modified TracerLab FX C Pro platform originally designed for 11C-labeling. This method enables an uncomplicated switch between 11C- and 18F-labeling. The simplicity of the developed procedure enables its easy adaptation to other commercially available remote-controlled synthesis units and paves the way for a widespread application of 6-l-[18F]FMT in the clinic.
Collapse
|
12
|
He J, Yan H, Du Y, Ji Y, Cai F, Fan W, Huo L, Liu YH, Wang Z, Li S. Nucleophilic radiosynthesis of boron neutron capture therapy-oriented PET probe [ 18F]FBPA using aryldiboron precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8953-8956. [PMID: 34486586 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A reliable copper-mediated nucleophilic radiosynthesis of the PET imaging probe [18F]FBPA was developed using novel aryldiboron precursors. The carrier-free [18F]FBPA with radiochemical purity >99% was prepared routinely via the two-step synthesis with an automatic module and can be used for clinical PET imaging of tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Neuboron Medtech Ltd., No. 568 Longmian Ave, 211100, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Heng Yan
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, No. 568 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China.
| | - Yanrong Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Ji
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, No. 568 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Cai
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, No. 568 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China. .,Department of Nuclear Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Fan
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, No. 568 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China.
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Hao Liu
- Neuboron Medtech Ltd., No. 568 Longmian Ave, 211100, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Nuclear Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, No. 568 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China.
| | - Shihong Li
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, No. 568 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Naka S, Watabe T, Lindner T, Cardinale J, Kurimoto K, Moore M, Tatsumi M, Mori Y, Shimosegawa E, Valla F, Kato H, Giesel FL. One-pot and one-step automated radio-synthesis of [ 18F]AlF-FAPI-74 using a multi purpose synthesizer: a proof-of-concept experiment. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:28. [PMID: 34420105 PMCID: PMC8380200 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in the stroma of many types of cancer. [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 is a positron emission tomography tracer with high selectivity for FAP, which has already shown high accumulation within human tumors in clinical studies. However, [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 radiosynthesis has not been optimized using an automated synthesizer. Herein, we report a one-pot and one-step automated radiosynthesis method using a multi purpose synthesizer. RESULTS Radiosynthesis of [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 was performed using a cassette-type multi purpose synthesizer CFN-MPS200. After the recovery rate of trapped [18F]fluoride onto the anion-exchange cartridge using a small amount of eluent was investigated manually, a dedicated [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 synthesis cassette and synthesis program for one-pot and one-step fluorination was developed. The solutions for the formulation of [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 synthesized using this were evaluated to obtain stable radiochemical purity. The recovery rate of [18F]fluoride with only 300 µL of eluent ranged 90 ± 9% by introduction from the male side and elution from the female side of the cartridge. In automated synthesis, the eluted [18F]fluoride and precursor solution containing aluminum chloride were mixed; then, fluorination was performed in a one-pot and one-step process at room temperature for 5 min, followed by 15 min at 95 °C. As a result, the radioactivity of [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 was 11.3 ± 1.1 GBq at the end of synthesis from 32 to 40 GBq of [18F]fluoride, and its radiochemical yield was 37 ± 4% (n = 10). The radiochemical purity at the end of the synthesis was ≥ 97% for all formulation solutions. When the diluent was saline, the radiochemical purity markedly decreased after 4 h of synthesis. In contrast, with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) or 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (pH 6.7) containing 100 mg of sodium ascorbate, the radiochemical purity was stable at 97%. Non-radioactive AlF-FAPI-74 and total impurities, including non-radioactive AlF-FAPI-74, were 0.3 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 2.8 ± 0.6 µg/mL. Ethanol concentration and residual DMSO were 5.5 ± 0.2% and 21 ± 6 ppm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We established a one-pot one-step automated synthesis method using a CFN-MPS200 synthesizer that provided high radioactivity and stable radiochemical purity for possible clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadahiro Naka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Thomas Lindner
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Cardinale
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kenta Kurimoto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Melissa Moore
- SOFIE, 21000 Atlantic Boulevard Suite 730, Dulles, VA, 20166, USA
| | - Mitsuaki Tatsumi
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuriko Mori
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Frank Valla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Frederik L Giesel
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bowden GD, Chailanggar N, Pichler BJ, Maurer A. Scalable 18F processing conditions for copper-mediated radiofluorination chemistry facilitate DoE optimization studies and afford an improved synthesis of [ 18F]olaparib. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6995-7000. [PMID: 34351339 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and scalable base-free method for processing [18F]fluoride as [18F]TBAF is reported and applied to copper-mediated radiofluorination radiosyntheses. A central feature of this method is that a single production of [18F]TBAF can be divided into small aliquots that can be used to perform multiple small-scale reactions in DoE optimization studies. The results of these studies can then be reliably translated to full batch tracer productions using automated synthesizers. The processing method was applied to the DoE optimization of [18F]olaparib, affording the tracer in high radiochemical yields via both manual (%RCY = 78 ± 6%, n = 4 (CMRF step only)) and automated (up to 80% (%RCY); 41% activity yield (%AY)) radiosynthesis procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bui TT, Kim HK. Recent Advances in Photo-mediated Radiofluorination. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2155-2167. [PMID: 34189852 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-fluorine bond formations have received a lot of attention because organofluorine compounds are widely used in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials science applications. In particular, the incorporation of fluorine-18, which is a commonly used radioisotope for radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), a molecular imaging tool for the visualization of biochemical events, human metabolism processes, and the measurement and diagnosis of diseases in humans, plays a crucial role in clinical and preclinical studies. Several synthetic methodologies for carbon-fluorine-18 bond formation have been developed. However, conventional fluorination methods have some remaining drawbacks such as the high temperature and basic environment. Photo-induced catalysis is an emerging technique that allow chemists to achieve the synthesis of target molecular architectures under mild conditions. Moreover, several radiofluorination strategies have been developed via photocatalysis. In this review, we focused on describing recent advances in the field of light-mediated radiofluorination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tien Tan Bui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu HM, Li CY, Liu SW, Yang CH, Chang Y. Copper-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination of [ 18 F]β-CFT for positron emission tomography imaging of dopamine transporter. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:228-236. [PMID: 33570188 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
[18 F]β-CFT is a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for imaging of dopamine transporter. It was proved to be a sensitive PET marker to detect presynaptic dopaminergic hypofunction in Parkinson's disease. In recent years, copper-mediated 18 F-fluorination of aryl boronic esters has been successful in some molecules containing aromatic groups. In this study, we describe the novel synthetic strategy of [18 F]β-CFT by copper-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination with pinacol-derived aryl boronic esters upon reaction with [18 F]KF/K222 and Cu (OTf)2 (py)4 . The radiolabeling protocol was optimized with [18 F]fluoride elution method and amount of copper catalyst used. [18 F]β-CFT is obtained from boronic ester precursors in 2.2% to 10.6% non-isolated radiochemical yield (RCY). Purified [18 F]β-CFT with >99% radiochemical purity (RCP) and high molar activity was obtained in validation runs. The radiolabeling procedure is straightforward and can easily be adapted for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Man Yu
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Li
- Chemistry Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Wen Liu
- Chemistry Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Yang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Chemistry Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Design, Radiosynthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation in Mice of a Brain-Penetrant 18F-Labelled σ 2 Receptor Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115447. [PMID: 34064122 PMCID: PMC8196714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The σ2 receptor (transmembrane protein 97), which is involved in cholesterol homeostasis, is of high relevance for neoplastic processes. The upregulated expression of σ2 receptors in cancer cells and tissue in combination with the antiproliferative potency of σ2 receptor ligands motivates the research in the field of σ2 receptors for the diagnosis and therapy of different types of cancer. Starting from the well described 2-(4-(1H-indol-1-yl)butyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline class of compounds, we synthesized a novel series of fluorinated derivatives bearing the F-atom at the aromatic indole/azaindole subunit. RM273 (2-[4-(6-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yl)butyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) was selected for labelling with 18F and evaluation regarding detection of σ2 receptors in the brain by positron emission tomography. Initial metabolism and biodistribution studies of [18F]RM273 in healthy mice revealed promising penetration of the radioligand into the brain. Preliminary in vitro autoradiography on brain cryosections of an orthotopic rat glioblastoma model proved the potential of the radioligand to detect the upregulation of σ2 receptors in glioblastoma cells compared to healthy brain tissue. The results indicate that the herein developed σ2 receptor ligand [18F]RM273 has potential to assess by non-invasive molecular imaging the correlation between the availability of σ2 receptors and properties of brain tumors such as tumor proliferation or resistance towards particular therapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lai TH, Schröder S, Toussaint M, Dukić-Stefanović S, Kranz M, Ludwig FA, Fischer S, Steinbach J, Deuther-Conrad W, Brust P, Moldovan RP. Development of 18F-Labeled Radiotracers for PET Imaging of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor: Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Preliminary Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052285. [PMID: 33669003 PMCID: PMC7956753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) represents a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Aiming at the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to monitor changes of receptor density and/or occupancy during the A2AR-tailored therapy, we designed a library of fluorinated analogs based on a recently published lead compound (PPY). Among those, the highly affine 4-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY1; Ki(hA2AR) = 5.3 nM) and the 2-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY2; Ki(hA2AR) = 2.1 nM) were chosen for 18F-labeling via an alcohol-enhanced copper-mediated procedure starting from the corresponding boronic acid pinacol ester precursors. Investigations of the metabolic stability of [18F]PPY1 and [18F]PPY2 in CD-1 mice by radio-HPLC analysis revealed parent fractions of more than 76% of total activity in the brain. Specific binding of [18F]PPY2 on mice brain slices was demonstrated by in vitro autoradiography. In vivo PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in CD-1 mice revealed a reasonable high initial brain uptake for both radiotracers, followed by a fast clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hang Lai
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.H.L.); (R.-P.M.); Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4635 (T.H.L.); +49-341-234-179-4634 (R.-P.M.)
| | - Susann Schröder
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), 9009 Tromsø, Norway
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, The Arctic University of Norway, 9009 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.L.); (R.-P.M.); Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4635 (T.H.L.); +49-341-234-179-4634 (R.-P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pérez-García RM, Grønnevik G, Riss PJ. A General Protocol for Cu-Mediated Fluoro-deamination: Sandmeyer Fluorination of Diverse Aromatic Substrates. Org Lett 2021; 23:1011-1015. [PMID: 33492972 PMCID: PMC7875512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A Cu(I)-mediated
fluoro-deamination method for nucleophilic radiofluorination
was devised. The method affords fluorinated aromatic products directly
from anilines under both no-carrier added and stoichiometric conditions.
Isolated radiochemical yields range from 11% to 81% with high radiochemical
purities and a molar activity of 58 MBq/nmol. The reaction conditions
were implemented successfully in an automated process for production
of (S)-4[18F]fluorogluthetimide on a radiosynthesis
module.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Manuel Pérez-García
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 23, 0371 Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaute Grønnevik
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 23, 0371 Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrick J Riss
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 23, 0371 Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Orlovskaya V, Fedorova O, Kuznetsova O, Krasikova R. Cu‐Mediated Radiofluorination of Aryl Pinacolboronate Esters: Alcohols as Solvents with Application to 6‐L‐[
18
F]FDOPA Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Olga Kuznetsova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Raisa Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McDonald AF, Goh YW, White JM, Scott AM, Ackermann U. Automated synthesis of 18F radiolabelled indole containing Oncrasin-like molecules; a comparison of iodonium salts and boronic ester chemistry. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:23. [PMID: 33169204 PMCID: PMC7652984 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncrasin-1 is a small molecule which was identified from a screen of KRAS mutant cancer cells and has shown specificity for KRAS mutant cell killing. We aimed to develop a radiolabelled form of Oncrasin-1 to enable in-vivo imaging of mutant KRAS expression in malignant tumours. This work outlines the synthesis of 3 fluorinated derivatives and development of iodonium salt and boronic ester precursors for radiolabelling with the 18F isotope. Results In our hands, synthesis of iodonium salts were not easily accessible due to the 3-carbaldehyde indole structure being preferentially oxidized by conditions required for iodonium salt formation, rather than benzyl iodide. Synthesis and radiolabelling of boronic acid pinacol ester precursors were successful, with the products being obtained in yields of 10.76% ± 0.96% (n = 5), 14.7% ±8.58% (n = 3) and 14.92% ±3.9% (n = 3) for 18F KAM001, 18F KAM002 and 18F KAM003 respectively, with radiochemical purity of greater than 99%. Conclusions The successful synthesis of these tracers has been undertaken utilizing boronic ester radio-fluorination methods and will allow for investigation of Oncrasin based molecules as potential diagnostics for cancers expressing mutant KRAS protein. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s41181-020-00104-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F McDonald
- The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Insititute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Insititute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Uwe Ackermann
- The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Insititute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia. .,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Research progress of 18F labeled small molecule positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112629. [PMID: 32956956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of positron emission tomography (PET) technology, a variety of PET imaging agents labeled with radionuclide 18F have been developed and widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various clinical diseases in recent years. For example, they have showed a great value of study in the field of tumor detection, tumor treatment and evaluation of tumor therapy in a non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative way. In this review, we highlight the recent development in chemical synthesis, structure and characterization, imaging characterization, and potential applications of these 18F labeled small molecule PET imaging agents for the past five years. The development and application of 18F labeled small molecules will expand our knowledge of the function and distribution of diseases-related molecular targets and shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including tumors.
Collapse
|
23
|
Krasikova RN. Nucleophilic Synthesis of 6-l-[ 18F]FDOPA. Is Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination the Answer? Molecules 2020; 25:E4365. [PMID: 32977512 PMCID: PMC7582790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography employing 6-l-[18F]fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (6-l-[18F]FDOPA) is currently a highly relevant clinical tool for detection of gliomas, neuroendocrine tumors and evaluation of Parkinson's disease progression. Yet, the deficiencies of electrophilic synthesis of 6-l-[18F]FDOPA hold back its wider use. To fulfill growing clinical demands for this radiotracer, novel synthetic strategies via direct nucleophilic 18F-radiloabeling starting from multi-Curie amounts of [18F]fluoride, have been recently introduced. In particular, Cu-mediated radiofluorination of arylpinacol boronates and arylstannanes show significant promise for introduction into clinical practice. In this short review these current developments will be discussed with a focus on their applicability to automation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raisa N Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Orlovskaya V, Antuganov D, Fedorova O, Timofeev V, Krasikova R. Tetrabutylammonium tosylate as inert phase-transfer catalyst: The key to high efficiency SN2 radiofluorinations. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 163:109195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Zlatopolskiy BD, Endepols H, Krasikova RN, Fedorova OS, Ermert J, Neumaier B. 11C- and 18F-labelled tryptophans as PET-tracers for imaging of altered tryptophan metabolism in age-associated disorders. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ageing of the world’s population is the result of increased life expectancy observed in almost all countries throughout the world. Consequently, a rising tide of ageing-associated disorders, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, represents one of the main global challenges of the 21st century. The ability of mankind to overcome these challenges is directly dependent on the capability to develop novel methods for therapy and diagnosis of age-associated diseases. One hallmark of age-related pathologies is an altered tryptophan metabolism. Numerous pathological processes including neurodegenerative and neurological diseases like epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, cancer and diabetes exhibit marked changes in tryptophan metabolism. Visualization of key processes of tryptophan metabolic pathways, especially using positron emission tomography (PET) and related hybrid methods like PET/CT and PET/MRI, can be exploited to early detect the aforementioned disorders with considerable accuracy, allowing appropriate and timely treatment of patients. Here we review the published 11C- and 18F-labelled tryptophans with respect to the production and also preclinical and clinical evaluation as PET-tracers for visualization of different branches of tryptophan metabolism.
The bibliography includes 159 references.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yamaguchi A, Hanaoka H, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y. Selective synthesis of L-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-alpha-methylphenylalanine via copper-mediated 18 F-fluorination of (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salt. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:368-375. [PMID: 32221982 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
L-2-[18 F]fluoro-alpha-methylphenylalanine (2-[18 F]FAMP) is a promising amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, yet the low production yield of direct electrophilic radiofluorination with [18 F]F2 necessitates further optimization of the radiolabeling process. This paper describes a two-step preparation method for L-2-[18 F]fluoro-alpha-methylphenylalanine (2-[18 F]FAMP) starting from [18 F]fluoride. The (Mesityl)(L-alpha-methylphenylalanine)-2-iodonium tetrafluoroborate precursors with various protecting groups were prepared. The copper-mediated 18 F-fluorination of the iodonium salt precursors successfully produced 2-[18 F]FAMP. The highest radio chemical conversion of 57.6% was noted with N-Piv-protected (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salt in the presence of 5 equivalent of Cu (OTf)2 . Subsequent deprotection with 57% hydrogen iodide produced 2-[18 F]FAMP within 120 min in 21.4 ± 11.7% overall radiochemical yield with >95% radiochemical purity and an enantiomeric excess >99%. The obtained 2-[18 F]FAMP showed comparable biodistribution profiles in normal mice with that of the carrier-added 2-[18 F]FAMP. These results indicate that usefulness of copper mediated 18 F-fluorination for the production of 2-[18 F]FAMP, which would facilitate clinical translation of the promising tumor specific amino acid tracer. Individual facilities could adopt either production method based on radioactivity demand and equipment availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Yamaguchi
- Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang Y, Zhao N, Wang YH, Truillet C, Wei J, Blecha JE, VanBrocklin HF, Seo Y, Sayeed M, Feldman BJ, Aggarwal R, Behr SC, Shao H, Wilson DM, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Gestwicki JE, Evans MJ. A Novel Radioligand Reveals Tissue Specific Pharmacological Modulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression with Positron Emission Tomography. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1381-1391. [PMID: 32255605 PMCID: PMC8031368 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
complexity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling cannot
be measured with direct tissue analysis in living subjects, which
has stifled our understanding of GR’s role in human physiology
or disease and impeded the development of selective GR modulators.
Herein, we report 18F-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-10-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-chromeno[3,4-f]quinoline (18F-YJH08), a radioligand that enables
noninvasive measurements of tissue autonomous GR expression levels in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). YJH08 potently
binds GR (Ki ∼ 0.4 nM) with ∼100-fold
selectivity compared to nuclear hormone receptors in the same subfamily. 18F-YJH08 was prepared via Cu(OTf)2(py)4-mediated radiofluorination of an arylboronic acid
pinacol ester with ∼12% decay corrected radiochemical yield
from the starting 18F-fluoride ion. We applied treatment
with the tissue-wide GR agonist dexamethasone and adrenalectomy and
generated an adipocyte specific GR knockout mouse to show that 18F-YJH08 specifically binds GR in normal mouse tissues, including
those for which aberrant GR expression is thought to drive severe
diseases (e.g., brain, adipose tissue, kidneys). Remarkably, 18F-YJH08 PET also revealed that JG231, a potent and bioavailable
HSP70 inhibitor, selectively degrades GR only in the adipose tissue
of mice, a finding that foreshadows how GR targeted PET might be integrated
into drug discovery to screen for selective GR modulation at the tissue
level, beyond the historical screening that was performed at the transcriptional
level. In summary, 18F-YJH08 enables a quantitative assessment
of GR expression levels in real time among multiple tissues simultaneously,
and this technology is a first step toward unraveling the daunting
complexity of GR signaling and rationally engineering tissue specific
therapeutic modulators in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Yung-hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles Truillet
- Imagerie Moleculaire in Vivo, INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Universite Paris Saclay, CEA-Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay 94100, France
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mohd Sayeed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Brian J. Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Spencer C. Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wright JS, Kaur T, Preshlock S, Tanzey SS, Winton WP, Sharninghausen LS, Wiesner N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Copper-Mediated Late-stage Radiofluorination: Five Years of Impact on Pre-clinical and Clinical PET Imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:167-206. [PMID: 33748018 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) is emerging as the method of choice for the formation of aromatic C-18F bonds. This minireview examines proof-of-concept, pre-clinical, and in-human imaging studies of new and established imaging agents containing aromatic C-18F bonds synthesized with CMRF. An exhaustive discussion of CMRF methods is not provided, although key developments that have enabled or improved upon the syntheses of fluorine-18 imaging agents are discussed. Methods A comprehensive literature search from April 2014 onwards of the Web of Science and PubMed library databases was performed to find reports that utilize CMRF for the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, and these represent the primary body of research discussed in this minireview. Select conference proceedings, previous reports describing alternative methods for the synthesis of imaging agents, and preceding fluorine-19 methodologies have also been included for discussion. Conclusions CMRF has significantly expanded the chemical space that is accessible to fluorine-18 radiolabeling with production methods that can meet the regulatory requirements for use in Nuclear Medicine. Furthermore, it has enabled novel and improved syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals and facilitated subsequent PET imaging studies. The rapid adoption of CMRF will undoubtedly continue to simplify the production of imaging agents and inspire the development of new radiofluorination methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Wiesner
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Long-Term Expression of the 18 kDa Translocator Protein After Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Rats. Shock 2020; 55:620-629. [PMID: 32433203 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the neuroinflammatory state during months after sudden cardiac arrest is scarce. Neuroinflammation is mediated by cells that express the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). We determined the time course of TSPO-expressing cells in a rat model of sudden cardiac arrest using longitudinal in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the TSPO-specific tracer [18F]DAA1106 over a period of 6 months. METHODS Five male Sprague Dawley rats were resuscitated from 6 min sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, three animals served as shams. PET measurements were performed on day 5, 8, 14, 90, and 180 after intervention. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on day 140. Imaging was preceded by Barnes Maze spatial memory testing on day 3, 13, 90, and 180. Specificity of [18F]DAA1106 binding was confirmed by Iba-1 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS [18F]DAA1106 accumulated bilaterally in the dorsal hippocampus of all sudden cardiac arrest animals on all measured time points. Immunohistochemistry confirmed Iba-1 expressing cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. The number of Iba-1-immunoreactive objects per mm2 was significantly correlated with [18F]DAA1106 uptake. Additionally, two of the five sudden cardiac arrest rats showed bilateral TSPO-expression in the striatum that persisted until day 180. In Barnes Maze, the relative time spent in the target quadrant negatively correlates with dorsal hippocampal [18F]DAA1106 uptake on day 14 and 180. CONCLUSIONS After sudden cardiac arrest, TSPO remains expressed over the long-term. Sustainable treatment options for neuroinflammation may be considered to improve cognitive functions after sudden cardiac arrest.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mota F, Jadhav R, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Ordonez AA, Klunk MH, Freundlich JS, Jain SK. Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of 18F-Linezolid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Mice Using Positron Emission Tomography. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:916-921. [PMID: 32243132 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxazolidinones are a novel class of antibacterials with excellent activity against resistant Gram-positive bacteria including strains causing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Despite their excellent efficacy, optimal dosing strategies to limit their toxicities are still under development. Here, we developed a novel synthetic strategy for fluorine-18-radiolabeled oxazolidinones. As proof-of-concept, we performed whole-body 18F-linezolid positron emission tomography (PET) in a mouse model of pulmonary TB for noninvasive in situ measurements of time-activity curves in multiple compartments with subsequent confirmation by ex vivo tissue gamma counting. After intravenous injection, 18F-linezolid rapidly distributed to all organs with excellent penetration into Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lungs. Drug biodistribution studies with PET can provide unbiased, in situ drug measurements, which could boost efforts to optimize antibiotic dosing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravindra Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University−New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | | | | | | | - Joel S. Freundlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University−New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Webb EW, Park JB, Cole EL, Donnelly DJ, Bonacorsi SJ, Ewing WR, Doyle AG. Nucleophilic (Radio)Fluorination of Redox-Active Esters via Radical-Polar Crossover Enabled by Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9493-9500. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John B. Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Erin L. Cole
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David J. Donnelly
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Samuel J. Bonacorsi
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - William R. Ewing
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mossine AV, Tanzey SS, Brooks AF, Makaravage KJ, Ichiishi N, Miller JM, Henderson BD, Erhard T, Bruetting C, Skaddan MB, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Synthesis of high-molar-activity [ 18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA suitable for human use via Cu-mediated fluorination of a BPin precursor. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1742-1759. [PMID: 32269382 PMCID: PMC7333241 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
[18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that is used to image Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, and focal hyperinsulinism of infancy. Despite these important applications, [18F]FDOPA PET remains underutilized because of synthetic challenges associated with accessing the radiotracer for clinical use; these stem from the need to radiofluorinate a highly electron-rich catechol ring in the presence of an amino acid. To address this longstanding challenge in the PET radiochemistry community, we have developed a one-pot, two-step synthesis of high-molar-activity [18F]FDOPA by Cu-mediated fluorination of a pinacol boronate (BPin) precursor. The method is fully automated, has been validated to work well at two separate sites (an academic facility with a cyclotron on site and an industry lab purchasing [18F]fluoride from an outside vendor), and provides [18F]FDOPA in reasonable radiochemical yield (2.44 ± 0.70 GBq, 66 ± 19 mCi, 5 ± 1%), excellent radiochemical purity (>98%) and high molar activity (76 ± 30 TBq/mmol, 2,050 ± 804 Ci/mmol), n = 26. Herein we report a detailed protocol for the synthesis of [18F]FDOPA that has been successfully implemented at two sites and validated for production of the radiotracer for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Curium Pharma, Nuclear Medicine Manufacturing, Noblesville, IN, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Process Chemistry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason M Miller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Environmental Analysis Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Thomas Erhard
- AbbVie Deustschland GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigschafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zlatopolskiy BD, Zischler J, Krapf P, Richarz R, Lauchner K, Neumaier B. Minimalist approach meets green chemistry: Synthesis of 18 F- labeled (hetero)aromatics in pure ethanol. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 62:404-410. [PMID: 31162691 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The application of toxic solvents and additives is inevitable for most of the described protocols for 18 F-labeling. Herein, a novel "green" procedure for nucleophilic aromatic radiofluorination of highly activated (hetero)aromatic substrates in pure EtOH is described. Using this method a series of 18 F-labeled (hetero)arenes have been synthesized in radiochemical yields (RCYs) of up to 97%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Zischler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Krapf
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael Richarz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Lauchner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sharninghausen LS, Brooks AF, Winton WP, Makaravage KJ, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. NHC-Copper Mediated Ligand-Directed Radiofluorination of Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7362-7367. [PMID: 32250612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[18F]-labeled aryl fluorides are widely used as radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Aryl halides (ArX) are particularly attractive precursors to these radiotracers, as they are readily available, inexpensive, and stable. However, to date, the direct preparation of [18F]-aryl fluorides from aryl halides remains limited to SNAr reactions between highly activated ArX substrates and K18F. This report describes an aryl halide radiofluorination reaction in which the C(sp2)-18F bond is formed via a copper-mediated pathway. Copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes serve as mediators for this transformation, using aryl halide substrates with directing groups at the ortho position. This reaction is applied to the radiofluorination of electronically diverse aryl halide derivatives, including the bioactive molecules vismodegib and PH089.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Oh YH, Choi H, Park C, Kim DW, Lee S. Harnessing Ionic Interactions and Hydrogen Bonding for Nucleophilic Fluorination. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030721. [PMID: 32046021 PMCID: PMC7037423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent works for nucleophilic fluorination of organic compounds in which the Coulombic interactions between ionic species and/or hydrogen bonding affect the outcome of the reaction. SN2 fluorination of aliphatic compounds promoted by ionic liquids is first discussed, focusing on the mechanistic features for reaction using alkali metal fluorides. The influence of the interplay of ionic liquid cation, anion, nucleophile and counter-cation is treated in detail. The role of ionic liquid as bifunctional (both electrophilic and nucleophilic) activator is envisaged. We also review the SNAr fluorination of diaryliodonium salts from the same perspective. Nucleophilic fluorination of guanidine-containing of diaryliodonium salts, which are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the nucleophile, is exemplified as an excellent case where ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding significantly affect the efficiency of reaction. The origin of experimental observation for the strong dependence of fluorination yields on the positions of -Boc protection is understood in terms of the location of the nucleophile with respect to the reaction center, being either close to far from it. Recent advances in the synthesis of [18F]F-dopa are also cited in relation to SNAr fluorination of diaryliodonium salts. Discussions are made with a focus on tailor-making promoters and solvent engineering based on ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyoju Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-32-860-7679 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2698 (S.L.); Fax: +82-32-867-5604 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2340 (S.L.)
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-32-860-7679 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2698 (S.L.); Fax: +82-32-867-5604 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2340 (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site-Selective Late-Stage Aromatic [ 18 F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1956-1960. [PMID: 31697427 PMCID: PMC7004179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalization of C-H bonds in small complex molecules is a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we report a broadly applicable and site-selective aromatic C-H dibenzothiophenylation reaction. The conceptual advantage of this transformation is further demonstrated through the two-step C-H [18 F]fluorination of a series of marketed small-molecule drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
38
|
Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site‐Selective Late‐Stage Aromatic [
18
F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
S. Clemente G, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Dömling A, H. Elsinga P. Late-Stage Copper-Catalyzed Radiofluorination of an Arylboronic Ester Derivative of Atorvastatin. Molecules 2019; 24:E4210. [PMID: 31756986 PMCID: PMC6930542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for late-stage 18F-fluorination strategies to label molecules with a wide range of relevant functionalities to medicinal chemistry, in particular (hetero)arenes, aiming to obtain unique in vivo information on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) using positron emission tomography (PET). In the last few years, Cu-mediated oxidative radiofluorination of arylboronic esters/acids arose and has been successful in small molecules containing relatively simple (hetero)aromatic groups. However, this technique is sparsely used in the radiosynthesis of clinically significant molecules containing more complex backbones with several aromatic motifs. In this work, we add a new entry to this very limited database by presenting our recent results on the 18F-fluorination of an arylboronic ester derivative of atorvastatin. The moderate average conversion of [18F]F- (12%), in line with what has been reported for similarly complex molecules, stressed an overview through the literature to understand the radiolabeling variables and limitations preventing consistently higher yields. Nevertheless, the current disparity of procedures reported still hampers a consensual and conclusive output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jang KS, Lee SS, Oh YH, Lee SH, Kim SE, Kim DW, Lee BC, Lee S, Raffel DM. Control of reactivity and selectivity of guanidinyliodonium salts toward 18F-Labeling by monitoring of protecting groups: Experiment and theory. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
41
|
Lahdenpohja SO, Rajala NA, Rajander J, Kirjavainen AK. Fast and efficient copper-mediated 18F-fluorination of arylstannanes, aryl boronic acids, and aryl boronic esters without azeotropic drying. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:28. [PMID: 31659523 PMCID: PMC6795642 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copper-mediated radiofluorination is a straightforward method to produce a variety of [18F]fluoroarenes and [18F]fluoroheteroarenes. To minimize the number of steps in the production of 18F-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, we have developed a short and efficient azeotropic drying-free 18F-labelling method using copper-mediated fluorination. Our goal was to improve the copper-mediated method to achieve wide substrate scope with good radiochemical yields with short synthesis time. Results Solid phase extraction with Cu (OTf)2 in dimethylacetamide is a suitable activation method for [18F]fluoride. Elution efficiency with Cu (OTf)2 is up to 79% and radiochemical yield (RCY) of a variety of model molecules in the crude reaction mixture has reached over 90%. Clinically relevant molecules, norepinephrine transporter tracer [18F]NS12137 and monoamine transporter tracer [18F]CFT were produced with 16.5% RCY in 98 min and 5.3% RCY in 64 min, respectively. Conclusions Cu (OTf)2 is a suitable elution agent for releasing [18F]fluoride from an anion exchange cartridge. The method is fast and efficient and the Cu-complex is customizable after the release of [18F]fluoride. Alterations in the [18F]fluoride elution techniques did not have a negative effect on the subsequent labelling reactions. We anticipate this improved [18F]fluoride elution technique to supplant the traditional azeotropic drying of [18F]fluoride in the long run and to concurrently enable the variations of the copper-complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salla Orvokki Lahdenpohja
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Annika Rajala
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Kaarina Kirjavainen
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mossine AV, Tanzey SS, Brooks AF, Makaravage KJ, Ichiishi N, Miller JM, Henderson BD, Skaddan MB, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. One-pot synthesis of high molar activity 6-[ 18F]fluoro-l-DOPA by Cu-mediated fluorination of a BPin precursor. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8701-8705. [PMID: 31536095 PMCID: PMC6812483 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot two-step synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-l-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) has been developed involving Cu-mediated radiofluorination of a pinacol boronate ester precursor. The method is fully automated, provides [18F]FDOPA in good activity yield (104 ± 16 mCi, 6 ± 1%), excellent radiochemical purity (>99%) and high molar activity (3799 ± 2087 Ci mmol-1), n = 3, and has been validated to produce the radiotracer for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jason M Miller
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Marc B Skaddan
- AbbVie Translational Imaging, North Chicago, IL 60030, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A fully automated azeotropic drying free synthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)- -tyrosine ([18F]FET) using tetrabutylammonium tosylate. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 152:135-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
44
|
Orlovskaya VV, Modemann DJ, Kuznetsova OF, Fedorova OS, Urusova EA, Kolks N, Neumaier B, Krasikova RN, Zlatopolskiy BD. Alcohol-Supported Cu-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Iodonium Salts under "Minimalist" Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173197. [PMID: 31484375 PMCID: PMC6749259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized precision medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) and related hybrid methods like PET/CT and PET/MRI gain recognition as indispensable tools of clinical diagnostics. A broader implementation of these imaging modalities in clinical routine is closely dependent on the increased availability of established and emerging PET-tracers, which in turn could be accessible by the development of simple, reliable, and efficient radiolabeling procedures. A further requirement is a cGMP production of imaging probes in automated synthesis modules. Herein, a novel protocol for the efficient preparation of 18F-labeled aromatics via Cu-mediated radiofluorination of (aryl)(mesityl)iodonium salts without the need of evaporation steps is described. Labeled aromatics were prepared in high radiochemical yields simply by heating of iodonium [18F]fluorides with the Cu-mediator in methanolic DMF. The iodonium [18F]fluorides were prepared by direct elution of 18F- from an anion exchange resin with solutions of the corresponding precursors in MeOH/DMF. The practicality of the novel method was confirmed by the racemization-free production of radiolabeled fluorophenylalanines, including hitherto unknown 3-[18F]FPhe, in 22-69% isolated radiochemical yields as well as its direct implementation into a remote-controlled synthesis unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Modemann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Olga F Kuznetsova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Olga S Fedorova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Urusova
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Niklas Kolks
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Raisa N Krasikova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
- St.-Petersburg State University, 199034 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
A Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach Accelerates the Optimization of Copper-Mediated 18F-Fluorination Reactions of Arylstannanes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11370. [PMID: 31388076 PMCID: PMC6684620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in 18F radiochemistry, such as the advent of copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) chemistry, have provided unprecedented access to novel chemically diverse PET probes; however, these multicomponent reactions have come with a new set of complex optimization problems. Design of experiments (DoE) is a statistical approach to process optimization that is used across a variety of industries. It possesses a number of advantages over the traditionally employed "one variable at a time" (OVAT) approach, such as increased experimental efficiency as well as an ability to resolve factor interactions and provide detailed maps of a process's behavior. Here we demonstrate the utility of DoE to the development and optimization of new radiochemical methodologies and novel PET tracer synthesis. Using DoE to construct experimentally efficient factor screening and optimization studies, we were able to identify critical factors and model their behavior with more than two-fold greater experimental efficiency than the traditional OVAT approach. Additionally, the use of DoE allowed us to glean new insights into the behavior of the CMRF of a number of arylstannane precursors. This information has guided our decision-making efforts while developing efficient reaction conditions that suit the unique process requirements of 18F PET tracer synthesis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Pauton M, Gillet R, Aubert C, Bluet G, Gruss-Leleu F, Roy S, Perrio C. The first radiosynthesis of 2-amino-5-[ 18F]fluoropyridines via a "minimalist" radiofluorination/palladium-catalyzed amination sequence from anisyl(2-bromopyridinyl)iodonium triflate. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6359-6363. [PMID: 31218326 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-amino-5-[18F]fluoropyridines was achieved in 8-85% yields by palladium-catalyzed reaction of 2-bromo-5-[18F]fluoropyridine with piperidine, dimethylamine, butylamine, methylpiperazine, benzylamine, aniline and 3-aminopyridine. 2-Bromo-5-[18F]fluoropyridine was obtained by radiofluorination of anisyl(2-bromopyridinyl-5)iodonium triflate (88% yield). The radiofluorination step was performed under "minimalist" conditions to guarantee a successful subsequent amination reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pauton
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France. and Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Gillet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Florence Gruss-Leleu
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation tuned to chemoselective conversion of non-activated [18
F]fluorobenzaldehydes to [18
F]fluorophenols. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:380-392. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
48
|
Dohi T, Hayashi T, Ueda S, Shoji T, Komiyama K, Takeuchi H, Kita Y. Recyclable synthesis of mesityl iodonium(III) salts. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
49
|
Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Clemente GS, Elsinga PH, Dömling A. MCR Scaffolds Get Hotter with 18F-Labeling. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071327. [PMID: 30987302 PMCID: PMC6480256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), represent great progress in the clinical development of drugs and diagnostics. However, the efficient and timely synthesis of appropriately labeled compounds is a largely unsolved problem. Numerous small drug-like molecules with high structural diversity can be synthesized via convergent multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The combination of PET labeling with MCR synthesis of biologically active compounds can greatly simplify radioanalytical and imaging-based analysis. In a proof-of-concept study, we optimized robust on-site radiolabeling conditions that were subsequently applied to several structurally different drug-like MCR scaffolds (e.g., arenes, β-lactam, tetrazole, and oxazole). These labeled scaffolds were synthesized via pinacol-derived aryl boronic esters (arylBPin) by copper-mediated oxidative 18F-fluorination with radiochemical conversions (RCCs) from 15% to 76%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gonçalo S Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|