1
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Hannah TJ, Chitnis SS. Ligand-enforced geometric constraints and associated reactivity in p-block compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:764-792. [PMID: 38099873 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00765k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The geometry at an element centre can generally be predicted based on the number of electron pairs around it using valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. Strategies to distort p-block compounds away from these predicted geometries have gained considerable interest due to the unique structural outcomes, spectroscopic properties or reactivity patterns engendered by such distortion. This review presents an up-to-date group-wise summary of this exciting and rapidly growing field with a focus on understanding how the ligand employed unlocks structural features, which in turn influences the associated reactivity. Relevant geometrically constrained compounds from groups 13-16 are discussed, along with selected stoichiometric and catalytic reactions. Several areas for advancement in this field are also discussed. Collectively, this review advances the notion of geometric tuning as an important lever, alongside electronic and steric tuning, in controlling bonding and reactivity at p-block centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Hannah
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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2
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Segizbayev M, Tho Nguyen M, Gusev DG, Dmitrienko A, Pilkington M, van der Est A, Nikonov GI. A Guanidine-Supported π-Complex of Germanium Amenable to Intramolecular C-C Cleavage in Arene and Ge Atom Transfer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301981. [PMID: 37732936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The germylone dimNHCGe (dimNHC=diimino N-heterocyclic carbene) reacts with azides N3 R (R=SiMe3 or p-tolyl) to furnish the first examples of germanium π-complexes, i. e. guanidine-ligated compounds (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge (NHI=N-heterocyclic imine, R=SiMe3 ) and (dimNHI-Tol)Ge (R=p-tolyl). DFT calculations suggest that these species are formed by a Staudinger type replacement of dinitrogen in the azide by a nucleophilic germylone, leading to a transient carbene adduct of iminogermylidene. Heating a solution of compound (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge to 70 °C results in extrusion of the iminogermylidene that further aggregates to produce the known [Me3 SiNGe]4 tetramer, whereas the imidazolylidene fragment transforms into an unusual heptatriene species that can be considered as a product of carbene insertion into the C-C bond of a pendant Ar substituent at the imidazolylidene nitrogen of the dimNHC. Reaction of (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone results in the net transfer of a germanium atom and formation of the free diimino-guanidine ligand. This ligand also forms when (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge is treated with azide N3 (p-Tol), with the germanium product being [(p-Tol)NGe]n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medet Segizbayev
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dmitry G Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2 L 3 C5, Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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3
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Segizbayev M, Dmitrienko A, Simionescu R, Pilkington M, Nikonov GI. Germanium Analogue of the Parent Phosphine-Borane FLP Compound. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300747. [PMID: 37739931 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Diimino-carbene-supported germylone dimNHCGe does not react with BPh3 and does not activate dihydrogen in the FLP mode in the combination with this borane. However, it reacts with B(C6 F5 )3 to give the zwitterionic borate dimNHCGe-(C6 F4 )BF(C6 F5 )2 . This compound can be converted into the hydroborate dimNHCGe-(C6 F4 )BH(C6 F5 )2 (8) and further into [dimNHCGe-(C6 F4 )B(C6 F5 )2 ]+ (4). Compound 4 is a Ge/B analogue of Stephan's FLP parent P/B compound (C6 H2 Me3 )2 P-C6 F4 -B(C6 F5 )2 but unlike the latter cannot split dihydrogen. Moreover, attempts to prepare a Ge/B analogue of the zwitterion (C6 H2 Me3 )2 HP-C6 F4 -BH(C6 F5 )2 by protonation of borate 8 resulted in immediate elimination of H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medet Segizbayev
- Chemistry Department, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Chemistry Department, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Razvan Simionescu
- Chemistry Department, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Chemistry Department, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Chemistry Department, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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4
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Lawzer AL, Ganesan E, Gronowski M, Custer T, Guillemin JC, Kołos R. Free Ethynylarsinidene and Ethynylstibinidene: Heavier Analogues of Nitrenes and Phosphinidenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300887. [PMID: 37278982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Until now, there has been very little experimental evidence for the existence of free arsinidenes and stibinidenes, apart from the hydrides, AsH and SbH. Here, we report on photogeneration of triplet ethynylarsinidene, HCCAs, and triplet ethynylstibinidene, HCCSb, from ethynylarsine and ethynylstibine, respectively, in solid argon matrices. The products were identified using infrared spectroscopy and the associated UV absorption spectra are interpreted with the aid of theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun-Libertsen Lawzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elavenil Ganesan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gronowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Custer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemin
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, IRCR-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Robert Kołos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Wang X, Lei B, Zhang Z, Chen M, Rong H, Song H, Zhao L, Mo Z. Isolation and characterization of bis(silylene)-stabilized antimony(I) and bismuth(I) cations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2968. [PMID: 37221189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monovalent group 15 cations L2Pn + (L = σ-donor ligands, Pn = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) have attracted significant experimental and theoretical interest because of their unusual electronic structures and growing synthetic potential. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a family of antimony(I) and bismuth(I) cations supported by a bis(silylene) ligand [(TBDSi2)Pn][BArF4] (TBD = 1, 8, 10, 9-triazaboradecalin; ArF = 3,5-CF3-C6H3; Pn = Sb, (2); Bi, (3)). The structures of 2 and 3 have been unambiguously characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations. They feature bis-coordinated Sb and Bi atoms which exhibit two lone pairs of electrons. The reactions of 2 and 3 with methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate provide a approach for the preparation of dicationic antimony(III) and bismuth(III) methyl complexes. Compounds 2 and 3 serve as 2e donors to group 6 metals (Cr, Mo), giving rise to ionic antimony and bismuth metal carbonyl complexes 6-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Zechovský J, Kertész E, Kremláček V, Hejda M, Mikysek T, Erben M, Růžička A, Jambor R, Benkő Z, Dostál L. Exploring Differences between Bis(aldimino)- and amino-aldimino- N, C, N-Pincer-Stabilized Pnictinidenes: Limits of Synthesis, Structure, and Reversible Tautomerization-Controlled Oxidation. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zechovský
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Kertész
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mikysek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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7
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Kassymbek A, Gusev DG, Dmitrienko A, Pilkington M, Nikonov GI. An Isolable Gallium-Substituted Nitrilimine and its Reactivity with B-H, Si-H and B-B Bonds. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103455. [PMID: 34816513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the Ga(I) compound NacNacGa (9) with the diazo compound N2 CHSiMe3 affords the nitrilimine compound NacNacGa(N-NCSiMe3 )(CH2 SiMe3 ) (10). Carrying out this reaction in the presence of pyridine does not lead to C-H activation on the transient alkylidene NacNacGa=CHSiMe3 but generates a metallated diazo species NacNacGa(NHN=CHSiMe3 )(CN2 SiMe3 ) (13) that further rearranges into the isonitrile compound NacNacGa(NHN=CHSiMe3 )(N(NC)SiMe3 ) (15). Reactions of 10 with the silane H3 SiPh and the borane HBcat furnished products of 1,3 addition to the nitrilimine moiety NacNacGa{N(ERn )NCSiMe3 }(CH2 SiMe3 ), whereas reaction with the diborane B2 cat2 gave the product of formal nitrene insertion into the B-B bond. DFT calculations suggest that the interaction of 9 with N2 CHSiMe3 proceeds through intermediate formation of an alkylidene compound that undergoes CH activation with a second molecule of N2 CHSiMe3 . Insertion into the B-B bond likely proceeds through an initial 1,3-addition of the diborane, followed by boryl migration to the former nitrene center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishabibi Kassymbek
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dmitry G Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C52, Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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8
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Nguyen MT, Spasyuk D, White B, Dudding T, Nikonov GI. Generation and reactivity of an elusive base-stabilised phosphinidene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16613-16619. [PMID: 34748621 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of phosphorus dichloride 6, supported by the diaryloxyphenyl group (OCO) featuring two bulky phenoxy wingtips, by PMe3, generates a reactive intermediate that behaves as a base-stabilized phosphinidene (OCO)P (5). Warming up a solution of this species in toluene to room temperature results in trimerization to give the isolable cyclic triphosphine [(OCO)P]3, whereas in situ trapping with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3 afforded a 3,4-dimethylphospholene-3. Investigation of the reduction of 6 by the phosphine PMe3 by NMR led to the observation of a persistent species between -10 °C and 10 °C. A DFT study of this process suggests that this compound cannot be the proposed phosphinidene 5, and is more likely the diphosphine (OCO)ClP-PCl(OCO) (12). Attempted reduction of 5 by the bulky carbene IPr resulted in unusual electrophilic substitution in the carbene olefin backbone by the chlorophosphinyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- SM and MX Crystallography, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Brandon White
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
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9
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Deb R, Balakrishna P, Majumdar M. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pn(I) (Pn=N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Cations. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101133. [PMID: 34786856 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Group 15 Pn(I) cations (Pn=N, P, As, Sb and Bi), which are isoelectronic with the donor-stabilized carbones, have emerged recently. Despite the presence of two lone pair of electrons, the Pn(I) cations are weakly nucleophilic due to their inherent positive charge. Strongly electron-donating supporting ligands including zwitterionic forms have been used to enhance their Lewis basicity. Furthermore, the chelating effect of cyclic ligand systems proved effective in increasing their nucleophilicity. The strategies involved in successfully isolating the fleeting Sb(I) and Bi(I) cations as the recent most achievements in this field have been discussed. The syntheses, structure, bonding situations and reactivity of the Pn(I) cations are discussed. An outlook on the periodic trends and future applications of these electronically unique electron-rich cationic moieties have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Balakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Kremláček V, Hejda M, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Jambor R, Růžička A, Dostál L. Probing Limits of a C=C Bond Activation by N‐Coordinated Organopnictogen(I) Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHT University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHT University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G.A.Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G.A.Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHT University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHT University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHT University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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11
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Raiser D, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Phosphine-Stabilized Pnictinidenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14073-14080. [PMID: 34291518 PMCID: PMC8518042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the intramolecular germylene‐phosphine Lewis pair (o‐PPh2)C6H4GeAr* (1) with Group 15 element trichlorides ECl3 (E=P, As, Sb) was investigated. After oxidative addition, the resulting compounds (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)ECl2 (2: E=P, 3: E=As, 4: E=Sb) were reduced by using sodium metal or LiHBEt3. The molecular structures of the phosphine‐stabilized phosphinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)P (5), arsinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)As (6) and stibinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)Sb (7) are presented; they feature a two‐coordinate low‐valent Group 15 element. After chloride abstraction, a cyclic germaphosphene [(o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)GeP] [B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] (8) was isolated. The 31P NMR data of the germaphosphene were compared with literature examples and analyzed by quantum chemical calculations. The phosphinidene was treated with [iBu2AlH]2, and the product of an Al−H addition to the low‐valent phosphorus atom (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(H)P(H)Al(C4H9)2 (9) was characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Raiser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Kremláček V, Kertész E, Benkő Z, Erben M, Jirásko R, Růžička A, Jambor R, Dostál L. Non-conventional Behavior of a 2,1-Benzazaphosphole: Heterodiene or Hidden Phosphinidene? Chemistry 2021; 27:13149-13160. [PMID: 34096106 PMCID: PMC8518707 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The titled 2,1-benzazaphosphole (1) (i. e. ArP, where Ar=2-(DippN=CH)C6 H4 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) showed a spectacular reactivity behaving both as a reactive heterodiene in hetero-Diels-Alder (DA) reactions or as a hidden phosphinidene in the coordination toward selected transition metals (TMs). Thus, 1 reacts with electron-deficient alkynes RC≡CR (R=CO2 Me, C5 F4 N) giving 1-phospha-1,4-dihydro-iminonaphthalenes 2 and 3, that undergo hydrogen migration producing 1-phosphanaphthalenes 4 and 5. Compound 1 is also able to activate the C=C double bond in selected N-alkyl/aryl-maleimides RN(C(O)CH)2 (R=Me, tBu, Ph) resulting in the addition products 7-9 with bridged bicyclic [2.2.1] structures. The binding of the maleimides to 1 is semi-reversible upon heating. By contrast, when 1 was treated with selected TM complexes, it serves as a 4e donor bridging two TMs thus producing complexes [μ-ArP(AuCl)2 ] (10), [(μ-ArP)4 Ag4 ][X]4 (X=BF4 (11), OTf (12)) and [μ-ArP(Co2 (CO)6 )] (13). The structure and electron distribution of the starting material 1 as well as of other compounds were also studied from the theoretical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Erik Kertész
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4H-1111BudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4H-1111BudapestHungary
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
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13
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Abstract
The stoichiometric reactions of antimony trichloride, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, and diiminopyridine ligands lead to the formation of N,N',N''-chelated SbCl2 cationic complexes. Methyl and phenyl substituents on the imine carbons of the ligand yielded structures with a lone pair on antimony and the hydrogen substituted variant was notably different as it forms a Menshutkin complex with meta-xylene in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Tidwell
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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14
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Panova Y, Khristolyubova A, Zolotareva N, Sushev V, Galperin V, Rumyantcev R, Fukin G, Kornev A. Interaction of dicoordinate phosphorus with boranes: chemistry of 3a,6a-diaza-1,4-diphosphapentalene as masked phosphinidene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5890-5898. [PMID: 33949550 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 3a,6a-diaza-1,4-diphosphapentalene (DDP) with an excess of PhBCl2 yields the corresponding bis(borane) adduct DDP(PhBCl2)2 (14), demonstrating the availability of two lone pairs on the phosphorus center. The reaction between DDP and B(C6F5)3 yields (1 : 1) phosphino-borane complex 16. The free lone electron pair on the pyramidal P atom in 16 participates in the intramolecular non-covalent interactions P(1)F(1) and P(1)F(6) giving additional 3.9 and 2.8 kcal mol-1, respectively, for stabilization of the complex. This through-space interaction appears in the 31P NMR spectrum as large spin-spin coupling constants of 271 and 219 Hz. The addition of water to 16 (1 : 1) leads to the formation of the insertion product 17 having -H2P-O-B(C6F5)3 moiety. The reaction of DDP with BH3·SMe2 proceeds in several stages, which include the insertion of the masked phosphinidene into the B-H and P-H bonds of the intermediate compounds followed by the dehydrocoupling step and formation of diphosphine 18. The last compound exists in solution as a set of stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Panova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Khristolyubova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Natalia Zolotareva
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav Sushev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Vadim Galperin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Roman Rumyantcev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Georgy Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Alexander Kornev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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15
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Zhou DY, Miura-Akagi PM, McCarty SM, Guiles CH, O'Donnell TJ, Yoshida WY, Krause CE, Rheingold AL, Hughes RP, Cain MF. P-Alkynyl functionalized benzazaphospholes as transmetalating agents. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:599-611. [PMID: 33403375 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of 10π-electron benzazaphosphole 1 to HCl, followed by nucleophilic substitution with the Grignard reagent BrMgCCPh afforded alkynyl functionalized 3 featuring an exocyclic -C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ph group with an elongated P-C bond (1.7932(19) Å). Stoichiometric experiments revealed that treatment of trans-Pd(PEt3)2(Ar)(i) (Ar = p-Me (C) or p-F (D)) with 3 generated trans-Pd(PEt3)2(Ar)(CCPh) (Ar = p-Me (E) or p-F (F)), 5, which is the result of ligand exchange between P-I byproduct 4 and C/D, and the reductively eliminated product (Ar-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ph). Cyclic voltammetry studies showed and independent investigations confirmed 4 is also susceptible to redox processes including bimetallic oxidative addition to Pd(0) to give Pd(i) dimer 6-Pd2-(P(t-Bu)3)2 and reduction to diphosphine 7. During catalysis, we hypothesized that this unwanted reactivity could be circumvented by employing a source of fluoride as an additive. This was demonstrated by conducting a Sonogashira-type reaction between 1-iodotoluene and 3 in the presence of 10 mol% Na2PdCl4, 20 mol% P(t-Bu)Cy2, and 5 equiv. of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), resulting in turnover and the isolation of Ph-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-(o-Tol) as the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Preston M Miura-Akagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Sierra M McCarty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Celeste H Guiles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Timothy J O'Donnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Wesley Y Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Colleen E Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, Connecticut 06117, USA
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Russell P Hughes
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Matthew F Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
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16
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Siddiqui MM, Sarkar SK, Nazish M, Morganti M, Köhler C, Cai J, Zhao L, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Frenking G, Roesky HW. Donor-Stabilized Antimony(I) and Bismuth(I) Ions: Heavier Valence Isoelectronic Analogues of Carbones. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1301-1306. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mujahuddin M. Siddiqui
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Morganti
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Köhler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiali Cai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic InnovationCenter for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Chinen BL, Hyvl J, Brayton DF, Riek MM, Yoshida WY, Chapp TW, Rheingold AL, Cain MF. Trimerization and cyclization of reactive P-functionalities confined within OCO pincers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28602-28613. [PMID: 35478534 PMCID: PMC9038090 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to stabilize a 10–P–3 species with C2v symmetry and two lone pairs on the central phosphorus atom, a specialized ligand is required. Using an NCN pincer, previous efforts to enforce this planarized geometry at P resulted in the formation of a Cs-symmetric, 10π-electron benzazaphosphole that existed as a dynamic “bell-clapper” in solution. Here, OCO pincers 1 and 2 were synthesized, operating under the hypothesis that the more electron-withdrawing oxygen donors would better stabilize the 3-center, 4-electron O–P–O bond of the 10–P–3 target and the sp3-hybridized benzylic carbon atoms would prevent the formation of aromatic P-heterocycles. However, subjecting 1 to a metalation/phosphination/reduction sequence afforded cyclotriphosphane 3, resulting from trimerization of the P(i) center unbound by its oxygen donors. Pincer 2 featuring four benzylic CF3 groups was expected to strengthen the O–P–O bond of the target, but after metal–halogen exchange and quenching with PCl3, unexpected cyclization with loss of CH3Cl was observed to give monochlorinated 5. Treatment of 5 with (p-CH3)C6H4MgBr generated crystalline P-(p-Tol) derivative 6, which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The complex 19F NMR spectra of 5 and 6 observed experimentally, were reproduced by simulations with MestreNova. Attempted synthesis of OCO-supported 10–P–3 species led to trimerization or cyclization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice L. Chinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel F. Brayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Matthew M. Riek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Wesley Y. Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Timothy W. Chapp
- Department of Chemistry, Allegheny College, 520 N. Main Street, Meadville, PA 16335, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Matthew F. Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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18
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Kornev AN, Panova YS, Sushev VV. Annelated 3a,6a-diaza-1,4-diphosphapentalene as a form of stabilized singlet phosphinidene. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1804150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Kornev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia S. Panova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Sushev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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19
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Dostál L, Jambor R, Aman M, Hejda M. (N),C,N-Coordinated Heavier Group 13-15 Compounds: Synthesis, Structure and Applications. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2320-2340. [PMID: 33073931 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize recent achievements in the field of (N),C,N-coordinated group 13-15 compounds not only regarding their synthesis and structure, but mainly focusing on their potential applications. Relevant compounds contain various types of N-coordinating ligands built up on an ortho-(di)substituted phenyl platform. Thus, group 13 and 14 derivatives were used as single-source precursors for the deposition of semiconducting thin films, as building blocks for the preparation of high-molecular polymers with remarkable optical and chemical properties or as compounds with interesting reactivity in hydrometallation processes. Group 15 derivatives function as catalysts in the Mannich reaction, in the allylation of aldehydes or activation of CO2 . They were used as transmetallation reagents in transition metal catalysed coupling reactions. The univalent species serve as ligands for transition metals, activate alkynes or alkenes and are utilized as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of azo-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
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20
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Abbenseth J, Goicoechea JM. Recent developments in the chemistry of non-trigonal pnictogen pincer compounds: from bonding to catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9728-9740. [PMID: 34094237 PMCID: PMC8162179 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of well-established meridionally coordinating, tridentate pincer ligands with group 15 elements affords geometrically constrained non-trigonal pnictogen pincer compounds. These species show remarkable activity in challenging element-hydrogen bond scission reactions, such as the activation of ammonia. The electronic structures of these compounds and the implications they have on their electrochemical properties and transition metal coordination are described. Furthermore, stoichiometric and catalytic bond forming reactions involving B-H, N-H and O-H bonds as well as carbon nucleophiles are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Abbenseth
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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21
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Gray PA, Braun JD, Rahimi N, Herbert DE. Diiminepyridine‐Supported Phosphorus(I) and Phosphorus(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Gray
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Jason D. Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Naser Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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22
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Hejda M, Duvinage D, Lork E, Jirásko R, Lyčka A, Mebs S, Dostál L, Beckmann J. The Aromatic 2-Iminomethylphenyltellurenyl Cation. A Lewis Superacid Despite the Intramolecularly Coordinating N-Donor Ligand. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hejda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Lyčka
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rotkitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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23
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Nguyen MT, Gusev D, Dmitrienko A, Gabidullin BM, Spasyuk D, Pilkington M, Nikonov GI. Ge(0) Compound Stabilized by a Diimino-Carbene Ligand: Synthesis and Ambiphilic Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5852-5861. [PMID: 32119541 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The germylone dimNHCGe (5, dimNHC = diimino N-heterocyclic carbene) was successfully prepared via the reduction of the germanium cation [dimNHCGeCl]+ with KC8. The molecular structure of 5 was unambiguously established by both NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reactivity of 5 was investigated, revealing that it undergoes oxidative addition of HCl, CH3I, and PhI, accompanied by an unusual migration of the H, Me, and Ph groups from germanium to the carbene ligand. Related chemistry was also observed with C5F5N, which results in the migration of the fluorinated pyridine moiety to the carbene ligand. Compound 5 also undergoes cycloaddition with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone to afford a Ge(IV) adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dmitry Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Bulat M Gabidullin
- X-Ray Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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24
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Kořenková M, Kremláček V, Hejda M, Turek J, Khudaverdyan R, Erben M, Jambor R, Růžička A, Dostál L. Hetero Diels–Alder Reactions of Masked Dienes Containing Heavy Group 15 Elements. Chemistry 2020; 26:1144-1154. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kořenková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Raffi Khudaverdyan
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
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25
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Kornev AN, Panova YS, Sushev VV, Dorado Daza DF, Novikov AS, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Abakumov GA. The Nature of P(σ2λ3↔σ2λ1) Dualism: 3a,6a-Diaza-1,4-diphosphapentalene as a Form of Stabilized Singlet Phosphinidene. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16144-16153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Kornev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia S. Panova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Sushev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Diego F. Dorado Daza
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Gleb A. Abakumov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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26
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Kořenková M, Hejda M, Jirásko R, Block T, Uhlík F, Jambor R, RůŽička A, Pöttgen R, Dostál L. Antimony(i) → Pd(ii) complexes with the (μ-Sb)Pd 2 coordination framework. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11912-11920. [PMID: 31312820 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02340b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the antimony(i) compound ArSb (1) (where Ar = C6H3-2,6-(CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NtBu)2) with various dimeric allyl palladium(ii) complexes [Pd(η3-allyl)(μ-X)]2 (where allyl = C3H5 or C3H4Me; X = Cl or CF3CO2) in a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio gave unique complexes with the μ-ArSb moiety bridging two palladium fragments, i.e. [{Pd(η3-C3H5)Cl}2(μ-ArSb)] (2), [{Pd(η3-C3H4Me)Cl}2(μ-ArSb)] (3) and [{Pd(η3-C3H5)(CF3CO2)}2(μ-ArSb)] (4). Compound 1 serves formally as a 4e donor in 2-4. The treatment of 2 with another equivalent of ArSb led to the formation of the [Pd(η3-C3H5)(Cl)(μ-ArSb)] complex (5), proving that 1 is able to function as a 2e donor in target complexes as well. The structures of 2-5 were described in detail both in solution (NMR and mass spectrometry) and in the solid state (single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis). DFT methods were used to compare bonding in the 1 : 1 (5) and 1 : 2 (2) complexes. Furthermore, a comprehensive 121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopic investigation of complexes 2 and 5 along with parent ArSbCl2 (6) and 1 was performed. For comparison, complexes [Fe(CO)4(ArSb)] (7) and [Mo(CO)5(ArSb)] (8) were also included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kořenková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Theresa Block
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-128 40, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš RůŽička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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27
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Green JP, Wells JAL, Orthaber A. Heavier pnictogens - treasures for optical electronic and reactivity tuning. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4460-4466. [PMID: 30810143 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We highlight recent advances in organopnictogen chemistry contrasting the properties of lighter and heavier pnictogens. Exploring new bonding situations, discovering unprecedented reactivities and producing fascinating opto-electronic materials are some of the most prominent directions of current organopnicogen research. Expanding the chemical toolbox towards the heavier group 15 elements will continue to create new opportunities to tailor molecular properties for small molecule activation/reactivity and materials applications alike. This frontier article illustrates the elemental substitution approach in selected literature examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Green
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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28
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Kremláček V, Erben M, Jambor R, Růžička A, Turek J, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Dostál L. From a 2,1‐Benzazaarsole to Elusive 1‐Arsanaphthalenes in One Step. Chemistry 2019; 25:5668-5671. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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29
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Krüger J, Wölper C, John L, Song L, Schreiner PR, Schulz S. Syntheses, Structures, and Bonding Analyses of Carbene‐Stabilized Stibinidenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
| | - Lukas John
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
| | - Lijuan Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17, D ‐35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17, D ‐35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
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30
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Kořenková M, Kremláček V, Erben M, Jirásko R, De Proft F, Turek J, Jambor R, RůŽička A, Císařová I, Dostál L. Heavier pnictinidene gold(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14503-14514. [PMID: 30283956 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N,C,N-Chelated pnictinidenes ArE [where E = As, Sb or Bi; Ar = 2,6-(tBuN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)2C6H3] were used as ligands for the coordination of various gold(i) complexes. Thus, the reaction of ArE with [AuCl(Me2S)] gave complexes [AuCl(ArE)] [where E = As (1) or Sb (2)] that exhibited only limited stability in solution. By contrast, the reaction of ArBi with [AuCl(Me2S)] led to the immediate deposition of gold metal and the oxidation of the bismuth atom giving ArBiCl2. The treatment of a tetrameric gold alkynyl complex [Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)]4 with ArAs and ArSb gave ionic compounds [Au(ArAs)2]+[Au2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)3]- [denoted as 3+[Au2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)3]-] and [Au(ArSb)2]+[Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)2]- [denoted as 4+[Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)2]-], respectively. Finally, the reaction of ArE with the carbene gold(i) complex [Au(IPr)(MeCN)]+[BF4]- [where IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, MeCN = acetonitrile] produced ionic complexes [Au(IPr)(ArE)]+[BF4]- [for cations: E = As (5+), Sb (6+) or Bi (7+)]. All complexes were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, high mass accuracy electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), IR and Raman spectroscopy and (except for 1) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the structure and bonding of both neutral and ionic complexes with different coordination patterns have also been investigated in detail using a Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kořenková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532, 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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31
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Kremláček V, Hyvl J, Yoshida WY, Růžička A, Rheingold AL, Turek J, Hughes RP, Dostál L, Cain MF. Heterocycles Derived from Generating Monovalent Pnictogens within NCN Pincers and Bidentate NC Chelates: Hypervalency versus Bell-Clappers versus Static Aromatics. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Wesley Y. Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Russell P. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew F. Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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32
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Kořenková M, Hejda M, Štěpnička P, Uhlík F, Jambor R, RůŽička A, Dostál L. Synthesis and non-conventional structure of square-planar Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes with an N,C,N-chelated stibinidene ligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5812-5822. [PMID: 29645054 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00714d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The N,C,N-chelated stibinidene, ArSb (Ar = C6H3-2,6-(CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NtBu)2), reacts with Pt(ii) compounds [PtCl2L2] resulting in the formation of 1 : 1 complexes, cis-[PtCl2L(ArSb)] (L = Me2S (1), dmso (2)). In contrast, attempts to synthesize similar Pd(ii) complexes failed, resulting only in the formation of elemental palladium. To increase the stability of the ArSb complexes, in particular those containing Pd(ii), the simple auxiliary ligands were replaced with C,N-chelating ones, which led to a set of four compounds of the type [RMCl(ArSb)], where R = C6H4-2-(CH2NMe2) or Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H3-2-(CH2NMe2)) and M = Pd (3, 5) or Pt (4, 6). Compounds 1-6 were characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and in the case of ferrocene derivatives 5 and 6, also by cyclic voltammetry. Compounds 2-6 were shown to form rotamers in solution due to the side-on coordination of the ArSb ligand and a hindered rotation around the Sb-Pd(Pt) bond. This process was investigated by 1H-VT-NMR spectroscopy and by DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kořenková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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33
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Hyvl J, Yoshida WY, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Cain MF. Unexpected detours and reactivity encountered during the planned synthesis of hypervalent 10–Pn–3 species (Pn = P or As). Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Nguyen MT, Gabidullin B, Nikonov GI. Imino-stabilised phosphinidene (or azaphosphole?) and some of its derivatives. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17011-17019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diiminophenyl (dimph) proved to be an excellent ligand platform to stabilise a low-valent phosphorus centre.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- X-ray Core Facility
- Faculty of Science University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada K1N 6N5
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35
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Dostál L. Quest for stable or masked pnictinidenes: Emerging and exciting class of group 15 compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Eleazer BJ, Smith MD, Popov AA, Peryshkov DV. Rapid reversible borane to boryl hydride exchange by metal shuttling on the carborane cluster surface. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5399-5407. [PMID: 28970919 PMCID: PMC5609532 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a novel concept of a borane group vicinal to a metal boryl bond acting as a supporting hemilabile ligand in exohedrally metalated three-dimensional carborane clusters. The (POBOP)Ru(Cl)(PPh3) pincer complex (POBOP = 1,7-OP(i-Pr)2-m-2-carboranyl) features extreme distortion of the two-center-two-electron Ru-B bond due to the presence of a strong three-center-two-electron B-H···Ru vicinal interaction. Replacement of the chloride ligand with a hydride afforded the (POBOP)Ru(H)(PPh3) pincer complex, which possesses B-Ru, B-H···Ru, and Ru-H bonds. This complex was found to exhibit a rapid exchange between hydrogen atoms of the borane and the terminal hydride through metal center shuttling between two boron atoms of the carborane cage. This exchange process, which involves sequential cleavage and formation of strong covalent metal-boron and metal-hydrogen bonds, is unexpectedly facile at temperatures above -50 °C corresponding to an activation barrier of 12.2 kcal mol-1. Theoretical calculations suggested two equally probable pathways for the exchange process through formally Ru(0) or Ru(iv) intermediates, respectively. The presence of this hemilabile vicinal B-H···Ru interaction in (POBOP)Ru(H)(PPh3) was found to stabilize a latent coordination site at the metal center promoting efficient catalytic transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane under nitrogen and air at 170 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Eleazer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter St. , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , USA .
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter St. , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , USA .
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , Helmholtzstrasse 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter St. , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , USA .
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37
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Vránová I, Kremláček V, Erben M, Turek J, Jambor R, Růžička A, Alonso M, Dostál L. A comparative study of the structure and bonding in heavier pnictinidene complexes [(ArE)M(CO) n] (E = As, Sb and Bi; M = Cr, Mo, W and Fe). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3556-3568. [PMID: 28240753 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N,C,N-Chelated pnictinidenes ArE [where E = As (1), Sb (2) or Bi (3); Ar = C6H3-2,6-(CH[double bond, length as m-dash]Nt-Bu)2] were used as ligands for the coordination of transition metal carbonyls. Thus, the reaction of 1-3 with [M(CO)5THF] (where M = Cr, W) or [Mo(CO)5(Me3N)] gave complexes [(ArE)M(CO)5] [where E = As and M = Cr (1a), Mo (1b), W (1c); E = Sb and M = Cr (2a), Mo (2b), W (2c); E = Bi and M = Cr (3a), Mo (3b), W (3c)]. Analogously, the treatment of 1-3 with [Fe2(CO)9] resulted in the formation of the complexes [(ArE)Fe(CO)4] [where E = As (1d), Sb (2d) or Bi (3d)]. All compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, Raman, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the majority of the compounds (except 1b and 1c) were also determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the structure and bonding of the title compounds have also been thoroughly investigated using a computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Vránová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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38
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Vránová I, Alonso M, Jambor R, Růžička A, Turek J, Dostál L. Different Products of the Reduction of (N),C,N-Chelated Antimony(III) Compounds: Competitive Formation of Monomeric Stibinidenes versus 1H-2,1-Benzazastiboles. Chemistry 2017; 23:2340-2349. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Vránová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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