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Das B, Biswas P, Mallick AI, Gupta P. Application of Mono and Trinuclear Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complexes in Differential Bacterial Imaging and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2024:e202400646. [PMID: 38652686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The application of transition metal complexes for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an attractive alternative in mitigating a broad range of bacterial pathogens, including multidrug-resistant pathogens. In view of their photostability, long excited-state lifetimes, and tunable emission properties, transition metal complexes also contribute as bioimaging agents. In the present work, we designed mono and trinuclear cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes to explore their imaging application and antibacterial potential. For this, we used Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), the most prevalent of community-associated (CA) multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria (CA MDR) and Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) as Gram-positive while Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and E. coli as Gram-negative bacteria. In addition to differential bioimaging of these bacteria, we assessed the antibacterial effects of both mono and trinuclear Ir(III) complexes under exposure to 427 nm LED light. The data presented herein strongly suggest better efficacy of trinuclear Ir(III) complex over the mononuclear complex in imparting photoinduced cell death of MRSA. Based on the safety profile of these complexes, we propose that trinuclear cyclometalated iridium(III) complex holds great promise for selective recognition and targeting MDR bacteria with minimal off-target effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
- Present address, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, 13699, New York, US
| | - Prakash Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
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Bezzubov S, Ermolov K, Gorbunov A, Kalle P, Lentin I, Latyshev G, Kovalev V, Vatsouro I. Inherently dinuclear iridium(III) meso architectures accessed by cyclometalation of calix[4]arene-based bis(aryltriazoles). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16765-16769. [PMID: 34761791 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03579g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cyclometalation of calix[4]arene bis(aryltriazoles) with iridium(III) chloride hydrate leads to unique meso architectures in which the Ir2Cl2 core is cross-bound by two (C^N)2 ligands, which allows further replacement of the chloride bridges with ancillary ligands while maintaining the dinuclear structures of the complexes having independent or coupled iridium pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Kirill Ermolov
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Gorbunov
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Paulina Kalle
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan Lentin
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gennadij Latyshev
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Kovalev
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Olumba ME, Na H, Friedman AE, Teets TS. Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Cyclometalated Iridium Squares Using Linear Aromatic Diisocyanides. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5898-5907. [PMID: 33784459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate facile [4 + 4] coordination-driven self-assembly of cyclometalated iridium(III) using linear aryldiisocyanide bridging ligands (BLs). A family of nine new [Ir(C^N)2(μ-BL)]44+ coordination cages is described, where C^N is the cyclometalating ligand-2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 2-phenylbenzothiazole (bt), or 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq)-and BL is the diisocyanide BL, with varying spacer lengths between the isocyanide binding sites. These supramolecular coordination compounds are prepared via a one-pot synthesis, with isolated yields of 40-83%. 1H NMR spectroscopy confirms the selective isolation of a single product, which is affirmed to be the M4L4 square by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Detailed photophysical studies were carried out to reveal the nature of the luminescent triplet states in these complexes. In most cases, phosphorescence arises from the [Ir(C^N)2]+ nodes, with the emission color determined by the cyclometalating ligand. However, in two cases, the lowest-energy triplet state resides on the aromatic core of the BL, and weak phosphorescence from that state is observed. This work shows that aromatic diisocyanide ligands enable coordination-driven assembly of inert iridium(III) nodes under mild conditions, producing supramolecular coordination complexes with desirable photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris E Olumba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hanah Na
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Materials, Design, and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Das B, Borah ST, Ganguli S, Gupta P. Phosphorescent Trinuclear Pt–Ir–Pt Complexes: Insights into the Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties and Interaction with Guanine Nucleobase. Chemistry 2020; 26:14987-14995. [PMID: 32846032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Sakira Tabbasum Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Sagar Ganguli
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
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Fowler JM, Britton E, Pask CM, Willans CE, Hardie MJ. Cyclotriveratrylene-tethered trinuclear palladium(ii)-NHC complexes; reversal of site selectivity in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14687-14695. [PMID: 31538177 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03400e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The trinuclear complexes [{PdI2(pyCl)}3(L1)] C1 and [{PdI2(pyCl)}3(L2)] C2, where pyCl = 3-chloropyridine, L1 = methyl(cyclotriguaiacylenyl)methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene and L2 = benzyl(cyclotriguaiacylenyl)methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene, each feature three palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) centres tethered onto a host-type cyclotriguaiacylene scaffold. Crystal structures of different solvates of complex C1 reveal different host-guest motifs including intra-cavity binding of dioxane guests concomitant with intramolecular halogen bonding interactions of C1. Mononuclear NHC analogues of C1 and C2, namely [PdI2(pyCl)(L3)] C3 and [PdI2(pyCl)(L4)] C4, where L3 = (3-chloropyridyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyoxy)methyl-3-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene and L4 = (3-chloropyridyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyoxy)methyl-3-benzylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene, were also synthesised and their crystal structures determined. Complexes C1-C4 are competent catalysts for Suzuki Miyaura cross-coupling, and interestingly exhibit a switch in the normal regioselectivity observed for reactions of 2,4-dibromopyridine with aryl boronic acids, usually C2-selective, yielding C4-arylated product preferentially over C2-arylated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Fowler
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Liu J, Chan AKW, Ng M, Hong EYH, Wu NMW, Wu L, Yam VWW. Synthesis, Characterization, and Photochromic Studies of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Containing a Spironaphthoxazine Moiety. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Eugene Yau-Hin Hong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Nathan Man-Wai Wu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Li CJ, Yin SY, Wang HP, Wei ZW, Pan M. Tuning colorful luminescence of iridium(III) complexes from blue to near infrared. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gitlina AY, Ivonina MV, Sizov VV, Starova GL, Pushkarev AP, Volyniuk D, Tunik SP, Koshevoy IO, Grachova EV. A rare example of a compact heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(iii) complex demonstrating well-separated dual emission. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7578-7586. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cationic heteroleptic Ir(iii) complexes [Ir(C^N)2(NN)][PF6] exhibit unique singlet–triplet dual emission in solution with two well separated emission bands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria V. Ivonina
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- 198504 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Sizov
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- 198504 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Galina L. Starova
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- 198504 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Anatoly P. Pushkarev
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials
- ITMO University
- 197101 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- 50254 Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- 198504 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- University of Eastern Finland
- Department of Chemistry
- 80101 Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- 198504 St. Petersburg
- Russia
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Pritchard VE, Rota Martir D, Zysman-Colman E, Hardie MJ. Multimetallic and Mixed Environment Iridium(III) Complexes: A Modular Approach to Luminescence Tuning Using a Host Platform. Chemistry 2017; 23:8839-8849. [PMID: 28345798 PMCID: PMC5499719 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear and trinuclear bis‐cyclometallated IrIII complexes of the host ligands tris(4‐[4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl]methyl)cyclotriguaiacylene (L1) and tris(4‐(4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐ bipyridyl)carboxy)cyclotriguaiacylene (L2) have been prepared. Complexes [{Ir(ppy)2}3(L1)](PF6)3 (1.1), [{Ir(ppy)2}(L1)](PF6)3 (1.2), [{Ir(ppy)2}3(L2)](PF6)3 (2.1) and [{Ir(ppy)2}(L2)](PF6)3 (2.2) (where ppy=phenylpyridinato) showed distinct photophysical properties depending on the L ligand. Complexes featuring the L1 ligand were comparatively blue‐shifted in solution, with longer lifetimes and higher quantum yields. The mixed bis‐cyclometallated IrIII complexes [{Ir(ppy)2}{Ir(dFppy)2}2(L1)](PF6)3 (1.3), [{Ir(ppy)2}{Ir(dFppy)2}2(L2)](PF6)3 (2.3), [{Ir(ppy)2}2{Ir(dFppy)2}(L1)](PF6)3 (1.4) and [{Ir(ppy)2}2{Ir(dFppy)2}(L2)](PF6)3 (2.4) (where dFppy=2,4‐difluorophenylpyrinato) were also synthesised. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy, along with electrochemical investigations, show that the Ir(III) chromophores within these mixed Ir‐environment species behave as isolated centres, with no energy transfer or electronic communication between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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