1
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Gupta S, Srinivasu V, Sureshkumar D. Metal and catalyst-free strategy to access 1,3-thio-heteroaryl BCP derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8136-8140. [PMID: 37772462 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01377d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) and sulfur motifs in pharmaceutical compounds underscores the significance of synthesizing suitably functionalized BCP thioethers. In response, we have developed a metal-free and photocatalyst-free strategy that harnesses visible light-induced radical cascades. This approach culminates in the synthesis of essential thio-BCP derivatives, which serve as crucial precursors for the formation of the corresponding sulfoxides, sulfones, and sulfoximines. Importantly, this methodology exhibits potential for large-scale applications, displaying commendable tolerance towards various functional groups while operating under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Vinjamuri Srinivasu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Yasukawa T, Håheim KS, Cossy J. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by cross-coupling induced by transition metals - formation of C-C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7666-7680. [PMID: 37702418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), by forming a C-C bond, can be achieved by cross-coupling reactions using transition metal catalysts. Two main strategies are described to access these 1,3-disubstituted BCPs, either from nucleophilic BCPs or electrophilic BCPs. Mechanisms are included where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Katja S Håheim
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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3
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Yu IF, Manske JL, Diéguez-Vázquez A, Misale A, Pashenko AE, Mykhailiuk PK, Ryabukhin SV, Volochnyuk DM, Hartwig JF. Catalytic undirected borylation of tertiary C-H bonds in bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Nat Chem 2023; 15:685-693. [PMID: 36973434 PMCID: PMC10684141 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic borylations of sp3 C-H bonds occur with high selectivities for primary C-H bonds or secondary C-H bonds that are activated by nearby electron-withdrawing substituents. Catalytic borylation at tertiary C-H bonds has not been observed. Here we describe a broadly applicable method for the synthesis of boron-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and (hetero)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes by an iridium-catalysed borylation of the bridgehead tertiary C-H bond. This reaction is highly selective for the formation of bridgehead boronic esters and is compatible with a broad range of functional groups (>35 examples). The method is applicable to the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals containing this substructure and the synthesis of novel bicyclic building blocks. Kinetic and computational studies suggest that C-H bond cleavage occurs with a modest barrier and that the turnover-limiting step of this reaction is an isomerization that occurs prior to reductive elimination that forms the C-B bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenna L Manske
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander E Pashenko
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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4
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Pickford HD, Ripenko V, McNamee RE, Holovchuk S, Thompson AL, Smith RC, Mykhailiuk PK, Anderson EA. Rapid and Scalable Halosulfonylation of Strain-Release Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213508. [PMID: 36226350 PMCID: PMC10100009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylated aromatics are commonplace motifs in drugs and agrochemicals. However, methods for the direct synthesis of sulfonylated non-classical arene bioisosteres, which could improve the physicochemical properties of drug and agrochemical candidates, are limited. Here we report a solution to this challenge: a one-pot halosulfonylation of [1.1.1]propellane, [3.1.1]propellane and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes that proceeds under practical, scalable and mild conditions. The sulfonyl halides used in this chemistry feature aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl substituents, and are conveniently generated in situ from readily available sulfinate salts and halogen atom sources. This methodology enables the synthesis of an array of pharmaceutically and agrochemically relevant halogen/sulfonyl-substituted bioisosteres and cyclobutanes, on up to multidecagram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Vasyl Ripenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ryan E McNamee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Russell C Smith
- AbbVie Drug Discovery Science & Technology (DDST), 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | | | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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5
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Frank N, Nugent J, Shire BR, Pickford HD, Rabe P, Sterling AJ, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Grimes T, Thompson AL, Smith RC, Schofield CJ, Brennan PE, Duarte F, Anderson EA. Synthesis of meta-substituted arene bioisosteres from [3.1.1]propellane. Nature 2022; 611:721-726. [PMID: 36108675 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Small-ring cage hydrocarbons are popular bioisosteres (molecular replacements) for commonly found para-substituted benzene rings in drug design1. The utility of these cage structures derives from their superior pharmacokinetic properties compared with their parent aromatics, including improved solubility and reduced susceptibility to metabolism2,3. A prime example is the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane motif, which is mainly synthesized by ring-opening of the interbridgehead bond of the strained hydrocarbon [1.1.1]propellane with radicals or anions4. By contrast, scaffolds mimicking meta-substituted arenes are lacking because of the challenge of synthesizing saturated isosteres that accurately reproduce substituent vectors5. Here we show that bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (BCHeps), which are hydrocarbons for which the bridgehead substituents map precisely onto the geometry of meta-substituted benzenes, can be conveniently accessed from [3.1.1]propellane. We found that [3.1.1]propellane can be synthesized on a multigram scale, and readily undergoes a range of radical-based transformations to generate medicinally relevant carbon- and heteroatom-substituted BCHeps, including pharmaceutical analogues. Comparison of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties of these analogues reveals enhanced metabolic stability relative to their parent arene-containing drugs, validating the potential of this meta-arene analogue as an sp3-rich motif in drug design. Collectively, our results show that BCHeps can be prepared on useful scales using a variety of methods, offering a new surrogate for meta-substituted benzene rings for implementation in drug discovery programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Frank
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bethany R Shire
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena D Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Grimes
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Russell C Smith
- Abbvie Drug Discovery Science & Technology (DDST), North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Paul E Brennan
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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6
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Livesley S, Trueman B, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Aïssa C. Synthesis of Sulfur-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iodo-Sulfenylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2022; 24:7015-7020. [PMID: 36130142 PMCID: PMC9531248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Thiols easily react with [1.1.1]propellane to give sulfur-substituted
bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes in radical reactions, but this reactivity is
not replicated in the case of heterocyclic thiols. Herein, we address
this issue by electrophilically activating [1.1.1]propellane to promote
its iodo-sulfenylation with 10 classes of heterocyclic thiols in two
protocols that can be conducted on a multigram scale without exclusion
of air or moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.,Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Trueman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - William R F Goundry
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - James A Morris
- Syngenta, International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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7
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Shi J, Xu QL, Ni YQ, Li L, Pan F. Radical Multicomponent Alkyl Alkynylation of Propellane via Synergistic Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:4609-4614. [PMID: 35726904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of aryl, tert-butyl groups, and internal alkynes that can impact key physicochemical properties on drug candidates. Herein, we describe a novel and efficient reaction to synthesize alkyl-alkynyl-substituted BCP derivatives by synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis at room temperature. The mild reaction conditions, simple protocol, broad functional group tolerance, and high efficiency of this procedure make it a valuable strategy for accessing alkynyl-substituted BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Lin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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8
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Li Q, Li L, Xu QL, Pan F. Radical Acylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with Aldehydes: Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Ketones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4292-4297. [PMID: 35658457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are widely utilized in drug design as sp3-rich bioisosteres for tert-butyl, internal alkynes, and aryl groups. A general and mild method for radical acylation of [1.1.1]propellane with aldehydes has been developed. The protocol provides straightforward access to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane ketones with a broad substrate scope. The synthetic utility of this methodology is demonstrated by the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and the versatile transformation of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane ketones, making it useful for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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9
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Livesley S, Sterling AJ, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Duarte F, Aïssa C. Electrophilic Activation of [1.1.1]Propellane for the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - William R. F. Goundry
- Early Chemical Development Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - James A. Morris
- Syngenta International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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10
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Vashchenko BV. Emerging Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Synthetic Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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11
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Nugent J, Sterling AJ, Frank N, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of α-Quaternary Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes through Synergistic Organophotoredox and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8628-8633. [PMID: 34699248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important in drug design as sp3-rich bioisosteres of arenes and tert-butyl groups; however, the preparation of BCPs with adjacent quaternary carbons is barely known. We report a facile synthesis of α-quaternary BCPs using organophotoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis in which α-keto radicals, generated through oxidation of β-ketocarbonyls, undergo efficient addition to [1.1.1]propellane. The BCP products can be transformed into a variety of useful derivatives, including enantioenriched BCPs featuring α-quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Frank
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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12
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Livesley S, Sterling AJ, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Duarte F, Aïssa C. Electrophilic Activation of [1.1.1]Propellane for the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111291. [PMID: 34705316 PMCID: PMC9299141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Strategies commonly used for the synthesis of functionalised bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP) rely on the reaction of [1.1.1]propellane with anionic or radical intermediates. In contrast, electrophilic activation has remained a considerable challenge due to the facile decomposition of BCP cations, which has severely limited the applications of this strategy. Herein, we report the electrophilic activation of [1.1.1]propellane in a halogen bond complex, which enables its reaction with electron‐neutral nucleophiles such as anilines and azoles to give nitrogen‐substituted BCPs that are prominent motifs in drug discovery. A detailed computational analysis indicates that the key halogen bonding interaction promotes nucleophilic attack without sacrificing cage stabilisation. Overall, our work rehabilitates electrophilic activation of [1.1.1]propellane as a valuable strategy for accessing functionalised BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - William R F Goundry
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - James A Morris
- Syngenta, International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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13
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Wu Z, Xu Y, Zhang H, Wu X, Zhu C. Radical-mediated sulfonyl alkynylation, allylation, and cyanation of propellane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6066-6069. [PMID: 34037006 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is widely applied as the bioisostere for aryl, internal alkynes, and tert-butyl groups in medicinal chemistry. We herein disclose an efficient and practical preparation of sulfonyl alkynyl/allyl/cyano-substituted BCP derivatives through a novel radical-mediated difunctionalization of propellane. The radical alkynylation, allylation, and cyanation processes readily proceed under mild photochemical conditions. The synthetic method features broad functional group tolerance, high product diversity, gram-scale preparation, and excellent atom-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yaohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Donnelly K, Baumann M. A continuous flow synthesis of [1.1.1]propellane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2871-2874. [PMID: 33616143 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow process to generate [1.1.1]propellane on demand is presented rendering solutions of [1.1.1]propellane that can directly be derivatised into various bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) species. This was realised in throughputs up to 8.5 mmol h-1 providing an attractive and straightforward access to gram quantities of selected BCP building blocks. Lastly, a continuous photochemical transformation of [1.1.1]propellane into valuable BCPs bearing mixed ester/acyl chloride moieties was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
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15
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Wong MLJ, Sterling AJ, Mousseau JJ, Duarte F, Anderson EA. Direct catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1644. [PMID: 33712595 PMCID: PMC7955048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important motifs in contemporary drug design as linear spacer units that improve pharmacokinetic profiles. The synthesis of BCPs featuring adjacent stereocenters is highly challenging, but desirable due to the fundamental importance of 3D chemical space in medicinal chemistry. Current methods to access these high-value chiral molecules typically involve transformations of pre-formed BCPs, and can display limitations in substrate scope. Here we describe an approach to synthesize α-chiral BCPs involving the direct, asymmetric addition of simple aldehydes to [1.1.1]propellane, the predominant BCP precursor. This is achieved by combining a photocatalyst and an organocatalyst to generate a chiral α-iminyl radical cation intermediate, which installs a stereocenter simultaneously with ring-opening of [1.1.1]propellane. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, displays broad scope, and provides an array of α-chiral BCPs in high yield and enantioselectivity. We also present a theoretical model for stereoinduction in this mode of photoredox organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L J Wong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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16
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Matsunaga T, Kanazawa J, Ichikawa T, Harada M, Nishiyama Y, Duong NT, Matsumoto T, Miyamoto K, Uchiyama M. α‐Cyclodextrin Encapsulation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives: A Storable Feedstock for Preparation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center RIKEN, Tsurumi Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc. 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima Tokyo 196-8558 Japan
| | - Nghia Tuan Duong
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center RIKEN, Tsurumi Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM) Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
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17
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Matsunaga T, Kanazawa J, Ichikawa T, Harada M, Nishiyama Y, Duong NT, Matsumoto T, Miyamoto K, Uchiyama M. α-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives: A Storable Feedstock for Preparation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2578-2582. [PMID: 33205884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) scaffold is useful in medicinal chemistry, and many protocols are available for synthesizing BCP derivatives from [1.1.1]propellane. Here, we report (1) the α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) encapsulation of BCP derivatives, affording a stable, readily storable material from which BCPs can be easily and quantitatively recovered and (2) new and simple protocols for deiodination reaction of 1,3-diiodo BCP to afford [1.1.1]propellane in protic/aprotic/polar/non-polar solvents. The combination of these methodologies enables simple, on-demand preparation of [1.1.1]propellane in various solvents under mild conditions from α-CD capsules containing 1,3-diiodo BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,JEOL RESONANCE Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan
| | - Nghia Tuan Duong
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
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18
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He FS, Xie S, Yao Y, Wu J. Recent advances in the applications of [1.1.1]propellane in organic synthesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Wu Z, Xu Y, Wu X, Zhu C. Synthesis of selenoether and thioether functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Schwärzer K, Zipse H, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Highly Regioselective Addition of Allylic Zinc Halides and Various Zinc Enolates to [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20235-20241. [PMID: 32744419 PMCID: PMC7693202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a range of highly regioselective openings of [1.1.1]propellane with various allylic zinc halides, as well as zinc enolates of ketones, esters and nitriles. The resulting zincated bicyclopentanes (BCPs) were trapped with a range of electrophiles including acyl chlorides, sulfonothioates, hydroxylamino benzoates, tosyl cyanide as well as aryl and allyl halides, generating highly functionalized BCP-derivatives. The unusually high regioselectivity of these reactions has been rationalized using DFT calculations. A bioisostere of the synthetic opioid pethidine was prepared in 95 % yield in one step using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuno Schwärzer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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21
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Schwärzer K, Zipse H, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Hoch regioselektive Addition von allylischen Zinkhalogeniden und verschiedenen Zinkenolaten an [1.1.1]Propellan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuno Schwärzer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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22
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Andersen C, Ferey V, Daumas M, Bernardelli P, Guérinot A, Cossy J. Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling between Alkyl (Pseudo)halides and Bicyclopentyl Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2020; 22:6021-6025. [PMID: 32672465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling between primary and secondary (pseudo)halides and bicyclopentyl Grignard reagents is reported. Highly strained bicyclopentanes can be cross-coupled with a large panel of primary alkyl mesylates and secondary alkyl iodides. The catalytic system is simple and cheap, and the reaction is general and chemoselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Andersen
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Ferey
- Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Daumas
- Sanofi Chimie, Route d'Avignon, 30390 Aramon, France
| | | | - Amandine Guérinot
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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23
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Yu S, Jing C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Chiral Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by 1,3-Difunctionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2020; 22:5650-5655. [PMID: 32638587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have found application as bioisosteres of aromatic rings in drug development. However, catalytic construction of this motif with adjacent stereocenters with high enantioselectivity from readily available starting materials still constitutes a significant synthetic challenge. Herein we report a direct stereoselective synthesis of α-chiral allylic BCPs by 1,3-difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane with Grignard reagents and allyl carbonates using iridium catalysis. This mild protocol proceeds via initial organometallic addition to [1.1.1]propellane followed by asymmetric allylic substitution, providing the products with high enantioselectivities over a broad range of substrates. Further derivatization of the products demonstrates the applicability of this method to the preparation of structurally diverse libraries of chiral BCP derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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24
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Kim JH, Ruffoni A, Al‐Faiyz YSS, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Divergent Strain-Release Amino-Functionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane with Electrophilic Nitrogen-Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8225-8231. [PMID: 32003916 PMCID: PMC7318212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a photocatalytic strategy for the divergent preparation of functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines. This approach exploits, for the first time, the ability of nitrogen-radicals to undergo strain-release reaction with [1.1.1]propellane. This reactivity is facilitated by the electrophilic nature of these open-shell intermediates and the presence of strong polar effects in the transition-state for C-N bond formation/ring-opening. With the aid of a simple reductive quenching photoredox cycle, we have successfully harnessed this novel radical strain-release amination as part of a multicomponent cascade compatible with several external trapping agents. Overall, this radical strategy enables the rapid construction of novel amino-functionalized building blocks with potential application in medicinal chemistry programs as p-substituted aniline bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Yasair S. S. Al‐Faiyz
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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25
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Kokhan SO, Valter YB, Tymtsunik AV, Komarov IV, Grygorenko OO. 3-Carboxy-/3-Aminobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-Derived Sulfonamides and Sulfonyl Fluorides - Advanced Bifunctional Reagents for Organic Synthesis and Drug Discovery. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serhii O. Kokhan
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Andriy V. Tymtsunik
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemical Technology; National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”; Prospect Peremogy 37 03056 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
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26
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Sterling AJ, Dürr AB, Smith RC, Anderson EA, Duarte F. Rationalizing the diverse reactivity of [1.1.1]propellane through σ-π-delocalization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4895-4903. [PMID: 34122945 PMCID: PMC8159217 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
[1.1.1]Propellane is the ubiquitous precursor to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), motifs of high value in pharmaceutical and materials research. The classical Lewis representation of this molecule places an inter-bridgehead C-C bond along its central axis; 'strain relief'-driven cleavage of this bond is commonly thought to enable reactions with nucleophiles, radicals and electrophiles. We propose that this broad reactivity profile instead derives from σ-π-delocalization of electron density in [1.1.1]propellane. Using ab initio and DFT calculations, we show that its reactions with anions and radicals are facilitated by increased delocalization of electron density over the propellane cage during addition, while reactions with cations involve charge transfer that relieves repulsion inside the cage. These results provide a unified framework to rationalize experimental observations of propellane reactivity, opening up opportunities for the exploration of new chemistry of [1.1.1]propellane and related strained systems that are useful building blocks in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander B Dürr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Russell C Smith
- Janssen P.R.D. 3210 Merryfield Row San Diego California CA 92121 USA
| | | | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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27
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Bär RM, Gross PJ, Nieger M, Bräse S. Sodium Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanesulfinate: A Bench-Stable Precursor for Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylsulfones and Bicyclo- [1.1.1]pentanesulfonamides. Chemistry 2020; 26:4242-4245. [PMID: 31922305 PMCID: PMC7187227 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of the bench-stable sodium bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanesulfinate (BCP-SO2 Na) and its application in the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) sulfones and sulfonamides. The salt can be obtained in a four-step procedure from commercially available precursors in multigram scale without the need for column chromatography or crystallization. Sulfinates are known to be useful precursors in radical and nucleophilic reactions and are widely used in medicinal chemistry. This building block enables access to BCP sulfones and sulfonamides avoiding the volatile [1.1.1]propellane which is favorable for the extension of SAR studies. Further, BCP-SO2 Na enables the synthesis of products that were not available with previous methods. A chlorination of BCP-SO2 Na and subsequent reaction with a Grignard reagent provides a new route to BCP sulfoxides. Several products were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Bär
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patrick J. Gross
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBirkendorfer Straße 6588397Biberach an der RißGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–FMSKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Herman-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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28
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Bär RM, Langer L, Nieger M, Bräse S. Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl Sulfoximines: Synthesis and Functionalizations. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Bär
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lukas Langer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1) 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – IBCS-FMSKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herman-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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29
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Chen Y, Yang W, Wu J, Sun W, Loh TP, Jiang Y. 2H-Azirines as Potential Bifunctional Chemical Linkers of Cysteine Residues in Bioconjugate Technology. Org Lett 2020; 22:2038-2043. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wangbin Sun
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Yaojia Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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30
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Kim JH, Ruffoni A, Al‐Faiyz YSS, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Divergent Strain‐Release Amino‐Functionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane with Electrophilic Nitrogen‐Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Yasair S. S. Al‐Faiyz
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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31
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Yu S, Jing C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. 1,3‐Difunctionalizations of [1.1.1]Propellane via 1,2‐Metallate Rearrangements of Boronate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3917-3921. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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32
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Yu S, Jing C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. 1,3‐Difunctionalizations of [1.1.1]Propellane via 1,2‐Metallate Rearrangements of Boronate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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33
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Turkowska J, Durka J, Gryko D. Strain release – an old tool for new transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5718-5734. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01771j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article provides an overview of research advances in the chemistry of spring-loaded molecules, focusing mainly on strain-release transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Turkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw 01-224
- Poland
| | - Jakub Durka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw 01-224
- Poland
- Department of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw 01-224
- Poland
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34
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Lasányi D, Tolnai GL. Copper-Catalyzed Ring Opening of [1.1.1]Propellane with Alkynes: Synthesis of Exocyclic Allenic Cyclobutanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:10057-10062. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Lasányi
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. setany. 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely L. Tolnai
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. setany. 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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35
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Yu S, Noble A, Bedford RB, Aggarwal VK. Methylenespiro[2.3]hexanes via Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclopropanations with [1.1.1]Propellane. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20325-20334. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Robin B. Bedford
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K. Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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36
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Abstract
The replacement of para-substituted benzenes with saturated bi- and polycyclic bioisosteres - bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and cubane, - often increases the potency, selectivity and metabolic stability of bioactive compounds. The currently remaining challenge for chemists, however, is to rationally design, synthesize and validate the saturated bioisosteres for ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes.
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37
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Nugent J, Arroniz C, Shire BR, Sterling AJ, Pickford HD, Wong MLJ, Mansfield SJ, Caputo DFJ, Owen B, Mousseau JJ, Duarte F, Anderson EA. A General Route to Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes through Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Arroniz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Marie L. J. Wong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Mansfield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Owen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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38
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Trongsiriwat N, Pu Y, Nieves‐Quinones Y, Shelp RA, Kozlowski MC, Walsh PJ. Reactions of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐Dithianes and [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisalak Trongsiriwat
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Youge Pu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yexenia Nieves‐Quinones
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Russell A. Shelp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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39
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Trongsiriwat N, Pu Y, Nieves-Quinones Y, Shelp RA, Kozlowski MC, Walsh PJ. Reactions of 2-Aryl-1,3-Dithianes and [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13416-13420. [PMID: 31291500 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have sparked the interest of medicinal chemists due to their recent discovery as bioisosteres of aromatic rings. To study the biological activity of this relatively new class of bioisosteres, reliable methods to incorporate BCPs into target molecules are in high demand, as reflected by a flurry of methods for BCP synthesis in recent years. In this work, we disclose a general method for the synthesis of BCP-containing dithianes which, upon deprotection, provide access to BCP analogues of medicinally abundant diarylketones. A broad scope of 2-aryl-1,3-dithianes, including several heterocyclic derivatives, react with [1.1.1]propellane to afford 26 new derivatives in good to excellent yields. Further transformation of the dithiane portion into a variety of functional groups demonstrates the robustness of the products. A computational study indicates that the reaction of 2-aryl-1,3-dithianes and [1.1.1]propellane proceeds via a two-electron pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisalak Trongsiriwat
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Youge Pu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yexenia Nieves-Quinones
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell A Shelp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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40
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Bär RM, Heinrich G, Nieger M, Fuhr O, Bräse S. Insertion of [1.1.1]propellane into aromatic disulfides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1172-1180. [PMID: 31293664 PMCID: PMC6604700 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis of symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-bissulfanylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes from disulfides and [1.1.1]propellane. Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) recently gained interest as rigid linkers and as bioisosters of para-substituted benzene and alkyne moieties. The most promising precursor for BCPs is [1.1.1]propellane (1). The available methods to synthesize BCPs are quite limited and many groups contribute to the development of novel methods. The insertion of 1 into disulfide bonds is known, but has never been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we show that an UV initiated radical reaction can be used to synthesize symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted BCP sulfides by reaction of [1.1.1]propellane (1) with disulfides. Depending on the ratio of 1 to the disulfide, only the BCP product (with up to 98% yield) or a mixture of BCP and [2]staffane can be obtained. The reaction tolerates functional groups such as halogens, alkyl and methoxy groups. The separation of the corresponding BCP and [2]staffane products is challenging but possible by column chromatography and preparative TLC in most cases. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the rod-like structure of the [2]staffanes that is often required in material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Bär
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gregor Heinrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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41
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Wong MLJ, Mousseau JJ, Mansfield SJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of Enantioenriched α-Chiral Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:2408-2411. [PMID: 30869907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), useful surrogates for para-substituted arenes, alkynes, and tert-butyl groups in medicinal chemistry, are challenging to prepare when featuring stereogenic centers adjacent to the BCP. We report the development of an efficient route to α-chiral BCPs, via highly diastereoselective asymmetric enolate functionalization. We also describe the application of this chemistry to the synthesis of BCP analogues of phenylglycine and tarenflurbil, the single enantiomer of the NSAID flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L J Wong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Steven J Mansfield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K
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42
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Locke GM, Bernhard SSR, Senge MO. Nonconjugated Hydrocarbons as Rigid-Linear Motifs: Isosteres for Material Sciences and Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:4590-4647. [PMID: 30387906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonconjugated hydrocarbons, like bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, triptycene, and cubane are a unique class of rigid linkers. Due to their similarity in size and shape they are useful mimics of classic benzene moieties in drugs, so-called bioisosteres. Moreover, they also fulfill an important role in material sciences as linear linkers, in order to arrange various functionalities in a defined spatial manner. In this Review article, recent developments and usages of these special, rectilinear systems are discussed. Furthermore, we focus on covalently linked, nonconjugated linear arrangements and discuss the physical and chemical properties and differences of individual linkers, as well as their application in material and medicinal sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Locke
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Stefan S R Bernhard
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
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43
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Rout SK, Marghem G, Lan J, Leyssens T, Riant O. A radical exchange process: synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives of xanthates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14976-14979. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the installation of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane unit on the xanthate moiety by means of a radical exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Rout
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Gilles Marghem
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Junjie Lan
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
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44
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Caputo DFJ, Arroniz C, Dürr AB, Mousseau JJ, Stepan AF, Mansfield SJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis and applications of highly functionalized 1-halo-3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5295-5300. [PMID: 29997886 PMCID: PMC6001403 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of 1,4-disubstituted arenes, tert-butyl and acetylenic groups that can impart physicochemical benefits on drug candidates. Here we describe the synthesis of BCPs bearing carbon and halogen substituents under exceptionally mild reaction conditions, via triethylborane-initiated atom-transfer radical addition ring-opening of tricyclo[1.1.1.01,3]pentane (TCP) with alkyl halides. This chemistry displays broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, enabling application to BCP analogues of biologically-relevant targets such as peptides, nucleosides, and pharmaceuticals. The BCP halide products can be converted to the parent phenyl/tert-butyl surrogates through triethylborane-promoted dehalogenation, or to other derivatives including carbonyls, alcohols, and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri F J Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Carlos Arroniz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Alexander B Dürr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton , CT 06340 , USA
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 600 Main Street , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA
| | - Steven J Mansfield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
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