1
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Boudjelel M, Zhong J, Ballerini L, Vanswearingen I, Al-Dhufari R, Malapit CA. Electrochemical Generation of Aryl Radicals from Organoboron Reagents Enabled by Pulsed Electrosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406203. [PMID: 38753725 PMCID: PMC11323302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Aryl radicals play a pivotal role as reactive intermediates in chemical synthesis, commonly arising from aryl halides and aryl diazo compounds. Expanding the repertoire of sources for aryl radical generation to include abundant and stable organoboron reagents would significantly advance radical chemistry and broaden their reactivity profile. While traditional approaches utilize stoichiometric oxidants or photocatalysis to generate aryl radicals from these reagents, electrochemical conditions have been largely underexplored. Through rigorous mechanistic investigations, we identified fundamental challenges hindering aryl radical generation. In addition to the high oxidation potentials of aromatic organoboron compounds, electrode passivation through radical grafting, homocoupling of aryl radicals, and decomposition issues were identified. We demonstrate that pulsed electrosynthesis enables selective and efficient aryl radical generation by mitigating the fundamental challenges. Our discoveries facilitated the development of the first electrochemical conversion of aryl potassium trifluoroborate salts into aryl C-P bonds. This sustainable and straightforward oxidative electrochemical approach exhibited a broad substrate scope, accommodating various heterocycles and aryl chlorides, typical substrates in transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Furthermore, we extended this methodology to form aryl C-Se, C-Te, and C-S bonds, showcasing its versatility and potential in bond formation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boudjelel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Jessica Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Lorenzo Ballerini
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Ian Vanswearingen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Rossul Al-Dhufari
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Christian A. Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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2
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Trauner F, Ghazali R, Rettig J, Thiele CM, Didier D. Stereoselective polar radical crossover for the functionalization of strained-ring systems. Commun Chem 2024; 7:139. [PMID: 38898159 PMCID: PMC11187220 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical-polar crossover of organoborates is a poweful tool that enables the creation of two C-C bonds simultaneously. Small ring systems have become essential motifs in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. However, step-economic methods for their selective functionalization remains scarce. Here we present a one-pot strategy that merges a simple preparation of strained organoboron species with the recently popularized polar radical crossover of borate derivatives to stereoselectively access tri-substituted azetidines, cyclobutanes and five-membered carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Trauner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Rahma Ghazali
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Rettig
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany.
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3
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Yue F, Ma H, Ding P, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Formation of C-B, C-C, and C-X Bonds from Nonstabilized Aryl Radicals Generated from Diaryl Boryl Radicals. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2268-2276. [PMID: 38161365 PMCID: PMC10755731 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
With the development of organoboron chemistry, boron-centered radicals have become increasingly attractive. However, their synthetic applications remain limited in that they have been used only as substrates for addition reactions or as initiators for catalytic reactions. We have achieved a new reaction pathway in which tetraarylborate salts are used as precursors for aryl radicals via boron radicals, by introducing a simple activation reagent. In addition, we carried out a diverse array of transformations involving these aryl radical precursors, which allowed the construction of new C-B, C-C, and C-X bonds in the presence of visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Henan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengxuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Ma X, Li L, Tan M, Zhong Z, Liang J, Li P, Song Q. Modular assembly of versatile tetrasubstituted alkenyl monohalides from alkynyl tetracoordinate borons. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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5
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Bojaryn K, Hirschhäuser C. Transition Metal Catalyst Free Synthesis of Olefins from Organoboron Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104125. [PMID: 35137987 PMCID: PMC9303902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective preparation of highly substituted olefins is still a severe challenge that requires well defined elimination precursors. Organoboron chemistry is particularly suited for the preparation of molecules with adjacent stereocenters. As organo boron substrates with leaving groups in β-position can undergo stereospecific syn- or anti-elimination, this chemistry harbors great potential for the synthesis of complex olefins. In recent years three main strategies emerged, which differ in their approach to the β-functionalized organoboron elimination precursor. (i) Stereoselective preparation of such elimination precursor can be achieved by addition of a boron-stabilized anion (d1 ) to an aldehyde or ketone (a1 ) or diastereoselective 1,3-rearrangement of suitable boron-ate-complexes. Stereospecific methods rely either on (ii) diastereospecific 1,2-metalate rearrangement of boron-ate-complexes that involve opening of appropriate heterocycles or (iii) addition of chiral carbenoids (d1 *) to chiral boronates (a1 *) with a leaving group in α-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bojaryn
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 745141EssenGermany
| | - C. Hirschhäuser
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 745141EssenGermany
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6
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Li WD, Wu Y, Li SJ, Jiang YQ, Li YL, Lan Y, Xia JB. Boryl Radical Activation of Benzylic C-OH Bond: Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Free Alcohols and CO 2 via Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8551-8559. [PMID: 35378034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the direct cleavage of the C(sp3)-OH bond has been developed via activation of free alcohols with neutral diphenyl boryl radical generated from sodium tetraphenylborate under mild visible light photoredox conditions. This strategy has been verified by cross-electrophile coupling of free alcohols and carbon dioxide for the synthesis of carboxylic acids. Direct transformation of a range of primary, secondary, and tertiary benzyl alcohols to acids has been achieved. Control experiments and computational studies indicate that activation of alcohols with neutral boryl radical undergoes homolysis of the C(sp3)-OH bond, generating alkyl radicals. After reducing the alkyl radical into carbon anion under photoredox conditions, the following carboxylation with CO2 affords the coupling product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Didier D. Forging C–C Bonds through Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling of Organoborates – An Overview. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1757-2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC–C bond formation has challenged the community of synthetic organic chemists for decades. Organoboron derivatives represent a mild and functional-group-tolerant class of reagents that can be handled without the need for inert conditions, making them suitable scaffolds for the development of methods that increase the sustainability of current processes for coupling reactions. This short review summarizes the different approaches that have been developed to enable C–C bond formation through intramolecular rearrangements of organoborate species.1 Introduction2 Oxidative Coupling with Chemical Oxidants3 Electrocoupling of Tetraorganoborates4 Photocoupling of Tetraorganoborates
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8
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Yoshida T, Honda Y, Morofuji T, Kano N. N-Methylphenothiazine S-Oxide Enabled Oxidative C(sp 2)-C(sp 2) Coupling of Boronic Acids with Organolithiums via Phenothiaziniums. Org Lett 2021; 23:9664-9668. [PMID: 34878797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a transition-metal-free oxidative C(sp2)-C(sp2) coupling of readily available boronic acids and organolithiums via phenothiazinium ions. Various biaryl, styrene, and diene derivatives were obtained using this reaction system. The key to this process is N-methylphenothiazine S-oxide (PTZSO), which allows efficient conversion of boronic acids to phenothiazinium ions. The mechanism of phenothiazinium formation using PTZSO was investigated using theoretical calculations and experiments, which provided insight into the unique reactivity of PTZSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Naokazu Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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9
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Zhao Z, Ou Z, Kalita SJ, Cheng F, Huang Q, Gu Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Stereoconvergent and stepwise 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrile oxides and nitrile imines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Shi R, Tan J, Wang Z, Wang Y. Oxidatively Induced Selective Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation From Isolated Rhodium(III) Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14317-14321. [PMID: 34424573 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on oxidatively induced regioselective intramolecular C-C bond formations based on the RhIII complexes synthesized from dirhodium(II) trifluoroacetate with 2-arylpyridines. With the selection of electron-donating groups on the arene rings of 2-arylpyridines, the unusual meta-ortho C-C bond-forming was favored, which led to the formation of meta-substituted 2-arylpyridine homocoupling dimers. On the contrary, the electron-withdrawing groups have tendency to occur conventional ortho-ortho bond-forming, resulting in the formation of new RhIII complexes possessing the intriguing RhIII (TFA)3 fragment. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that the sequential oxidation of RhIII occurred in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiantao Tan
- School of Primary Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400700, P. R. China
| | - Zhifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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11
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Music A, Nuber CM, Lemke Y, Spieß P, Didier D. Electro-alkynylation: Intramolecular Rearrangement of Trialkynylorganoborates for Chemoselective C(sp 2)-C(sp) Bond Formation. Org Lett 2021; 23:4179-4184. [PMID: 34004116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An alternative and complementary transformation for the synthesis of aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted alkynes is presented that relies on a chemoselective electrocoupling process. Tetraorganoborate substrates were logically designed and simply accessed by transmetalations using readily or commercially available organotrifluoroborate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Music
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Constantin M Nuber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yannick Lemke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Spieß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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12
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Aelterman M, Sayes M, Jubault P, Poisson T. Electrochemical Hydroboration of Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8277-8282. [PMID: 33945175 PMCID: PMC8251609 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we reported the electrochemical hydroboration of alkynes by using B2Pin2 as the boron source. This unprecedented reaction manifold was applied to a broad range of alkynes, giving the hydroboration products in good to excellent yields without the need of a metal catalyst or a hydride source. This transformation relied on the possible electrochemical oxidation of an in situ formed borate. This anodic oxidation performed in an undivided cell allowed the formation of a putative boryl radical, which reacted on the alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Aelterman
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Morgane Sayes
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3 C3 J7, Canada
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
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13
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Matz F, Music A, Didier D, Jagau T. Computational insights into electrochemical cross‐coupling of quaternary borate salts. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Matz
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Institute for Physical and Electrochemistry Leibniz University Hanover Hanover Germany
| | - Arif Music
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Thomas‐C. Jagau
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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14
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Didier D, Reiners F. Uncommon Four-Membered Building Blocks - Cyclobutenes, Azetines and Thietes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1144-1160. [PMID: 33734571 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strained ring systems have gained considerable importance over the last few years for their implication in natural product syntheses or in drug discovery programs. We present herein a recollection of our work on the construction and functionalization of unsaturated four-membered carbo- and heterocycles in the context of the literature, as well as their applications in further reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Didier
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Reiners
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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15
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Music A, Baumann AN, Boser F, Müller N, Matz F, Jagau TC, Didier D. Photocatalyzed Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions of Tetraorganoborates*. Chemistry 2021; 27:4322-4326. [PMID: 33306228 PMCID: PMC7986674 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Readily accessible tetraorganoborate salts undergo selective coupling reactions under blue light irradiation in the presence of catalytic amounts of transition‐metal‐free acridinium photocatalysts to furnish unsymmetrical biaryls, heterobiaryls and arylated olefins. This represents an interesting conceptual approach to forge C−C bonds between aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl groups under smooth photochemical conditions. Computational studies were conducted to investigate the mechanism of the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Music
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas N Baumann
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Boser
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Müller
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Matz
- Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas C Jagau
- Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorian Didier
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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16
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Baumann AN, Music A, Dechent J, Müller N, Jagau TC, Didier D. Electro-Olefination-A Catalyst Free Stereoconvergent Strategy for the Functionalization of Alkenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:8382-8387. [PMID: 32203624 PMCID: PMC7383514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods carrying out C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) bond formations are typically mediated by transition-metal-based catalysts. Herein, we conceptualize a complementary avenue to access such bonds by exploiting the potential of electrochemistry in combination with organoboron chemistry. We demonstrate a transition metal catalyst-free electrocoupling between (hetero)aryls and alkenes through readily available alkenyl-tri(hetero)aryl borate salts (ATBs) in a stereoconvergent fashion. This unprecedented transformation was investigated theoretically and experimentally and led to a library of functionalized alkenes. The concept was then carried further and applied to the synthesis of the natural product pinosylvin and the derivatization of the steroidal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N. Baumann
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Arif Music
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Jonas Dechent
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Nicolas Müller
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Thomas C. Jagau
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
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