1
|
Gan F, Zhang G, Liang J, Shen C, Qiu H. π-Extended Diaza[7]helicenes with Dual Negatively Curved Heptagons: Extensive Synthesis and Spontaneous Resolution into Strippable Homochiral Lamellae with Helical Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320076. [PMID: 38230611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a unique category of π-extended diaza[7]helicenes with double negative curvatures. This is achieved by two-fold regioselective heptagonal cyclization of the oligoarylene-carbazole precursors through either intramolecular C-H arylation or Scholl reaction. The fusion of two heptagonal rings in the helical skeleton dramatically increases the intramolecular strain and forces the two terminal carbazole moieties to stack in a compressed fashion. The presence of the deformable negatively curved heptagonal rings endows the resulting diaza[7]helicenes with dynamic chiral skeletons, aggregation-induced emission feature and relatively low racemization barrier of ca. 25.6 kcal mol-1 . Further π-extension on the carbazole moieties subsequently leads to a more sophisticated C2 -symmetric homochiral triple helicene. Notably, these π-extended diaza[7]helicenes show structure-dependent stacking upon crystallization, switching from heterochiral packing to intra-layer homochiral stacking. Interestingly, the C2 -symmetric triple helicene molecules spontaneously resolve into a homochiral lamellar structure with 31 helix symmetry. Upon ultrasonication in a nonsolvent, the crystals can be readily exfoliated into large-area ultrathin nanosheets with height of ca. 4.4 nm corresponding to two layers of stacked triple helicene molecules and relatively thicker nanosheets constituted by even-numbered molecular lamellae. Moreover, regular hexagonal thin platelets with size larger than 30 μm can be readily fabricated by flash aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juncong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Chen D, Wang JY, Yan S, Li G. Four-layer folding framework: design, GAP synthesis, and aggregation-induced emission. Front Chem 2023; 11:1259609. [PMID: 37638105 PMCID: PMC10450629 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1259609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a type of [1 + 4 + 2] four-layer framework have been conducted by taking advantage of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry. The optimized coupling of double-layer diboronic esters with 1-bromo-naphth-2-yl phosphine oxides resulted in a series of multilayer folding targets, showing a broad scope of substrates and moderate to excellent yields. The final products were purified using group-assisted purification chemistry/technology, achieved simply by washing crude products with 95% EtOH without the use of chromatography and recrystallization. The structures were fully characterized and assigned by performing X-ray crystallographic analysis. UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) were studied for the resulting multilayer folding products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Daixiang Chen
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Yin Wang
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenghu Yan
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang Y, Wu G, Jin S, Liu Y, Ma L, Zhang S, Rouh H, Ali AIM, Wang JY, Xu T, Unruh D, Surowiec K, Li G. From Center-to-Multilayer Chirality: Asymmetric Synthesis of Multilayer Targets with Electron-Rich Bridges. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5976-5986. [PMID: 35442684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of new atropisomerically multilayered chiral targets has been achieved by taking advantage of the strategy of center-to-multilayer chirality and double Suzuki-Miyaura couplings. Diastereomers were readily separated via flash column chromatography and well characterized. Absolute configuration assignment was determined by X-ray structural analysis. Five enantiomerically pure isomers possessing multilayer chirality were assembled utilizing anchors involving electron-rich aromatic connections. An overall yield of 0.69% of the final target with hydroxyl attachment was achieved over 11 steps from commercially available starting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Guanzhao Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Shengzhou Jin
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yangxue Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liulei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Hossein Rouh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Ahmed I M Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Jia-Yin Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Daniel Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Kazimierz Surowiec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States.,Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li G, Wang JY, Tang Y, Wu GZ, Zhang S, Rouh H, Xu T, Wang Y, Unruh D, Surowiec K, Ma Y. Asymmetric Catalytic Assembly of Triple-Columned and Multiple-Layered Chiral Folding Polymers Showing Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE). Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104102. [PMID: 34962686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first chiral multi-layer 3D folding polymers have been assembled and regulated by both uniformed and differentiated aromatic chromophoric units between naphthyl piers. Screening catalysts, catalytic systems and monomers was proven to be crucial for asymmetric catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura poly-couplings for this assembly. X-ray crystallography of corresponding dimers and trimers revealed the absolute stereochemistry and the intermolecular packing pattern. Up to 61,960 M w /41,900 M n and m / z = 4317 for polymers and oligomers as confirmed by GPC and MALDI-TOF MS indicated that the present frameworks were composed of multiple layers stacked. The resulting multiple π-assemblies exhibited remarkable optical properties in aggregated states (PL in solids and AIE in solutions), as well as reversible redox properties in electrochemical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guigen Li
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 79409-1061, Lubbock, UNITED STATES
| | - Jia-Yin Wang
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yao Tang
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry & Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Guan-Zhao Wu
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry & Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Sai Zhang
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry & Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Ting Xu
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yu Wang
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | | | | | - Yanzhang Ma
- Texas Tech University, Mechanical Engineering, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsurusaki A, Kamikawa K. Multiple Helicenes Featuring Synthetic Approaches and Molecular Structures. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sakamaki D, Tanaka S, Tanaka K, Takino M, Gon M, Tanaka K, Hirose T, Hirobe D, Yamamoto HM, Fujiwara H. Double Heterohelicenes Composed of Benzo[ b]- and Dibenzo[ b, i]phenoxazine: A Comprehensive Comparison of Their Electronic and Chiroptical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9283-9292. [PMID: 34542299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterohelicenes are potential materials in molecular electronics and optics because of their inherent chirality and various electronic properties originating from the introduced heteroatoms. In this work, we comprehensively investigated two kinds of double NO-hetero[5]helicenes composed of 12H-benzo[b]phenoxazine (BPO) and 13H-dibenzo[b,i]phenoxazine (DBPO). These helicenes exhibit good electron-donor properties reflecting the electron-rich character of their monomers and were demonstrated to work as p-type semiconductors. The enantiomers of these helicenes show the largest class of dissymmetry factors for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) (|gCPL| > 10-2) among helicenes reported to date. Interestingly, the signs of CPL are opposite for BPO and DBPO double helicenes of the same helicity. The origin of the large gCPL values and the inversion of the CPL sign was addressed by analysis of the transition electronic dipole moments and transition magnetic dipole moments based on TD-DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shunya Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Katsuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Mayu Takino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Daichi Hirobe
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M Yamamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanada K, Nogami J, Miyamoto K, Hayase N, Nagashima Y, Tanaka Y, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Single and Double Azahelicene-Like Molecules. Chemistry 2021; 27:9313-9319. [PMID: 33904626 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of aza[6] and [7]helicene-like molecules have been achieved by the cationic rhodium(I)/axially chiral biaryl bisphosphine complex-catalyzed intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of cyanodiynes. This protocol was successfully applied to the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of an S-shaped double aza[6]helicene-like molecule with a high ee value of 89 %. Although no epimerization and racemization were observed in the double carbo[6]helicene-like molecule at 80 °C, epimerization and racemization of the double aza[6]helicene-like molecule proceeded at 80 °C. This double aza[6]helicene-like molecule showed good fluorescent quantum yields and chiroptical responses under both neutral and acidic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Hanada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taniguchi T, Nishii Y, Mori T, Nakayama KI, Miura M. Synthesis, Structure, and Chiroptical Properties of Indolo- and Pyridopyrrolo-Carbazole-Based C 2 -Symmetric Azahelicenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7356-7361. [PMID: 33778999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 11,12-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl or 6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-substituted 11,12-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]carbazole with an oxidizing system of Pd(II)/Ag(I) induced effective double dehydrogenative cyclization to afford the corresponding π-extended azahelicenes. The optical resolutions were readily achieved by a preparative chiral HPLC. It was found that the pyridopyrrolo-carbazole-based azahelicene that contains four nitrogen atoms exhibits ca. 6 times larger dissymmetry factors both in circularly dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), |gCD | and |gCPL | values being 1.1×10-2 and 4.4×10-3 , respectively, as compared with the parent indolocarbazole-based azahelicene. Theoretical calculations at the RI-CC2 level were employed to rationalize the observed enhanced chiroptical responses. The (chir)optical properties of the former helicene was further tuned by a protonation leading to remarkable red-shift with a considerable enhancement of the |gCPL | value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yanagi T, Tanaka T, Yorimitsu H. Asymmetric systematic synthesis, structures, and (chir)optical properties of a series of dihetero[8]helicenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2784-2793. [PMID: 34164042 PMCID: PMC8179410 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of dihetero[8]helicenes have been systematically synthesized in enantiomerically enriched forms by utilizing the characteristic transformations of the organosulfur functionality. The synthetic route begins with assembling a ternaphthyl common synthetic intermediate from 2-naphthol and bissulfinylnaphthalene through an extended Pummerer reaction followed by facile multi-gram-scale resolution. The subsequent cyclization reactions into dioxa- and dithia[8]helicenes take place with excellent axial-to-helical chirality conversion. Dithia[8]helicene is further transformed into the nitrogen and the carbon analogs by replacing the two endocyclic sulfur atoms via SNAr-based skeletal reconstruction. The efficient systematic synthesis has enabled comprehensive evaluation of physical properties, which has clarified the effect of the endocyclic atoms on their structures and (chir)optical properties as well as the unexpected conformational stability of the common helical framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|