In Situ Self-Polymerization to Form Hollow Graphitized Carbon Nanocages with Embedded Cobalt Nanoparticles for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Engineering Functional Interface with Built-in Catalytic and Self-Oxidation Sites for Highly Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted great attention due to their high theoretical energy density. The rapid redox conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) is effective for solving the serious shuttle effect and improving the utilization of active materials. The functional design of the separator interface with fast charge transfer and active catalytic sites is desirable for accelerating the conversion of intermediates. Herein, a graphene-wrapped MnCO₃ nanowire (G@MC) was prepared and utilized to engineer the separator interface. G@MC with active Mn²⁺ sites can effectively anchor the LiPS by forming the Mn-S chemical bond according to our theoretical calculation results. In addition, the catalytic Mn²⁺ sites and conductive graphene layer of G@MC could accelerate the reversible conversion of LiPS via the spontaneous "self-redox" reaction and the rapid electron transfer in electrochemical process. As a result, the G@MC-based battery exhibits only 0.038 % capacity decay (per cycle) after 1000 cycles at 2.0 C. This work affords new insights for designing the integrated functional interface for stable Li-S batteries.