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Liu C, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Bis(silylene)silole - synthesis, properties and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38855883 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A 1,1-bis(silylene)silole has been synthesised by a double salt-metathesis reaction from potassium silacyclopentadienediide, K2[1], and an amidinato-stabilized silylene chloride in a 1 : 2 ratio. The red colour of the title compound is due to the lp(Si)/π*(silole) transition. This band is bathochromically shifted compared to that of other 1,1-bissilylsiloles suggesting enhanced conjugation between the silole π-system and the newly formed Si(II)-Si(IV)-Si(II) group. The bissilylene is easily oxidised by the elemental chalcogens S, Se, and Te and forms a bissilaimide by reaction with an arylazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghuan Liu
- Institut für Chemie, Carl Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union.
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union.
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Park D, Kang S, Ryoo CH, Jhun BH, Jung S, Le TN, Suh MC, Lee J, Jun ME, Chu C, Park J, Park SY. High-performance blue OLED using multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence host materials containing silicon atoms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5589. [PMID: 37696833 PMCID: PMC10495399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report three highly efficient multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence blue-emitter host materials that include 5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene (DOBNA) and tetraphenylsilyl groups. The host materials doped with the conventional N7,N7,N13,N13,5,9,11,15-octaphenyl-5,9,11,15-tetrahydro-5,9,11,15-tetraaza-19b,20b-diboradinaphtho[3,2,1-de:1',2',3'-jk]pentacene-7,13-diamine (ν-DABNA) blue emitter exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield greater than 0.82, a high horizontal orientation greater than 88%, and a short photoluminescence decay time of 0.96-1.93 μs. Among devices fabricated using six synthesized compounds, the device with (4-(2,12-di-tert-butyl-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracen-7-yl)phenyl)triphenylsilane (TDBA-Si) shows high external quantum efficiency values of 36.2/35.0/31.3% at maximum luminance/500 cd m-2/1,000 cd m-2. This high performance is attributed to fast energy transfer from the host to the dopant. Other factors possibly contributing to the high performance are a T1 excited-state contribution, inhibition of aggregation by the bulky tetraphenylsilyl groups, high horizontal orientation, and high thermal stability. We achieve a high efficiency greater than 30% and a small roll-off value of 4.9% at 1,000 cd m-2 using the TDBA-Si host material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials (CSOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kang
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hyun Ryoo
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials (CSOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hak Jhun
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials (CSOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Jung
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials (CSOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Na Le
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Suh
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Advanced Chemical Materials R&D Team, Korea Testing & Research Institute, Gwangyang, 57765, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Eun Jun
- Samsung Display, 1 Samsung-ro Giheung-Gu, Yongin, 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoong Chu
- Samsung Display, 1 Samsung-ro Giheung-Gu, Yongin, 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwook Park
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials (CSOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kazama K, Kurokawa R, Inoue K, Kinoshita H, Miura K. One-Pot Direct Synthesis of Siloles from 1-Bromo-2-silylethynylbenzenes or 1-Bromo-4-silyl-1,3-enynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10416-10421. [PMID: 35802630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We propose one-pot synthesis of siloles from readily available starting materials. This methodology is practical for the preparation of multisubstituted siloles in good to excellent yields with complete regioselectivity. Sequential reactions, such as lithiation, silylation, and diisobutylaluminum-hydride-promoted cyclization, enable the preparation of the siloles. This transformation provides siloles through two efficient C-Si bond formations in one vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Kazama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Rei Kurokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kei Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Katsukiyo Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Pöcheim A, Albers L, Müller T, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. Silole allylic anions instead of silanides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16945-16949. [PMID: 34779457 PMCID: PMC8631112 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of a 3,4-diphenylsilole with two neopentasilanyl groups attached to the 2- and 5-positions with one equivalent of KOtBu did not result in the expected silanide formation but yielded a silole allylic anion instead. The initially formed silanide added to a neighboring phenyl group, which then transfers a proton to the 2-position of the silole ring. The reactions of 3,4-diphenylsiloles with two neopentasilanyl groups in 2- and 5-positions with one equivalent of KOtBu do not yield the expected silanides but silole allylic anions instead.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pöcheim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, European Union.
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, European Union.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, European Union.
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Reinhold CRW, Schmidtmann M, Tumanskii B, Müller T. Radicals and Anions of Siloles and Germoles. Chemistry 2021; 27:12063-12068. [PMID: 33978965 PMCID: PMC8453960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of persistent sila- and germacyclopentadienyl (silolyl- and germolyl-) radicals by careful stoichiometric reduction of the corresponding halides with potassium is reported. The radicals were characterized by EPR spectroscopy and trapping reactions. The reduction of tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-substituted halides was successful while smaller substituents (i. e., t-Butyl, Ph) gave the corresponding dimers. The EPR spectroscopic parameter of the synthesized tetrolyl radicals indicate only small spin delocalization to the butadiene unit due to cross-hyperconjugation. Silolyl- and germolyl anions are unavoidable byproducts and are isolated in the form of their potassium salts and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The comparison of the molecular structures of two closely related potassium silolides provided an example for different coordination of the potassium cation to the silolyl anion (η1 vs. η5 coordination) that triggers the switch between delocalized and localized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R. W. Reinhold
- Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University OldenburgCarl von Ossietzky-Str. 9–1126129OldenburgGermany, European Union
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Sołoducho J, Zając D, Spychalska K, Baluta S, Cabaj J. Conducting Silicone-Based Polymers and Their Application. Molecules 2021; 26:2012. [PMID: 33916125 PMCID: PMC8037171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, both fundamental and applied research in conducting polymers have grown rapidly. Conducting polymers (CPs) are unique due to their ease of synthesis, environmental stability, and simple doping/dedoping chemistry. Electrically conductive silicone polymers are the current state-of-the-art for, e.g., optoelectronic materials. The combination of inorganic elements and organic polymers leads to a highly electrically conductive composite with improved thermal stability. Silicone-based materials have a set of extremely interesting properties, i.e., very low surface energy, excellent gas and moisture permeability, good heat stability, low-temperature flexibility, and biocompatibility. The most effective parameters constructing the physical properties of CPs are conjugation length, degree of crystallinity, and intra- and inter-chain interactions. Conducting polymers, owing to their ease of synthesis, remarkable environmental stability, and high conductivity in the doped form, have remained thoroughly studied due to their varied applications in fields like biological activity, drug release systems, rechargeable batteries, and sensors. For this reason, this review provides an overview of organosilicon polymers that have been reported over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Sołoducho
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.S.); (S.B.); (J.C.)
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Ramirez Y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Rusch P, Duvinage D, Bigall NC, Staubitz A. π-Conjugated stannole copolymers synthesised by a tin-selective Stille cross-coupling reaction. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:3282-3293. [PMID: 34124683 PMCID: PMC8142672 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four well-defined conjugated polymers TStTT1-4 containing unusual heterocycle units in the main chain, namely stannole units as building blocks, is reported. The stannole-thiophenyl copolymers were generated by tin-selective Stille coupling reactions in nearly quantitative yields of 94% to 98%. NMR data show that the tin atoms in the rings remain unaffected. Weight-average molecular weights (M w) were high (4900-10 900 Da and 9600-21 900 Da); and molecular weight distributions (M w/M n) were between 1.9 and 2.3. The new materials are strongly absorbing and appear blue-black to purple-black. All iodothiophenyl-stannole monomers St1-4 and the resulting bisthiophenyl-stannole copolymers TStTT1-4 were investigated with respect to their optoelectronic properties. The absorption maxima of the polymers are strongly bathochromically shifted compared to their monomers by about 76 nm to 126 nm in chloroform. Density functional theory calculations support our experimental results of the single stannoles St1-4 showing small HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of 3.17-3.24 eV. The optical band gaps of the polymers are much more decreased and were determined to be only 1.61-1.79 eV. Furthermore, both the molecular structures of stannoles St2 and St3 from single crystal X-ray analyses and the results of the geometry optimisation by DFT confirm the high planarity of the molecules backbone leading to efficient conjugation within the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez Y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- University of Bremen, Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry Leobener Str. 5 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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Pöcheim A, Özpınar GA, Müller T, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. The Combination of Cross-Hyperconjugation and σ-Conjugation in 2,5-Oligosilanyl Substituted Siloles. Chemistry 2020; 26:17252-17260. [PMID: 32716090 PMCID: PMC8051206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of a 2,5-dilithiated silole with excess dichlorodimethylsilane gives the respective 2,5-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl) substituted silole. This compound can be converted to 2,5-bis(oligosilanyl) substituted siloles by addition of a suitable oligosilanide. In the UV spectra of the thus obtained compounds the lowest energy absorptions are bathochromically shifted compared to the absorptions of the two constituents, namely the 2,5-disilyl substituted silole and a trisilane. The bathochromic shift is interpreted as being caused by a mixed σ-conjugation/cross-hyperconjugation. This assumption is supported by TD-DFT calculations, which show a significant contribution from Si-Si bonds to the HOMO of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pöcheim
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieTechnische Universität Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Gül Altınbaş Özpınar
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieTechnische Universität Graz8010GrazAustria
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