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Shima Y, Feng Y, Mori A, Okano K. Total Synthesis of Carbazomycins E and F. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38809152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Total synthesis of carbazomycins E and F was achieved by double functionalization of an aryne intermediate generated from a 2-aminobiphenyl derivative. The tethered amino group underwent nucleophilic addition to the aryne intermediate to construct the carbazole skeleton. The resulting carbanion was formylated to give the multiply substituted carbazole. This formyl group caused several problems. For example, it was difficult to perform regioselective demethylation of the methoxy group proximal to the formyl group without protecting the carbazole nitrogen. In addition, the formyl group was unexpectedly reduced to give a methoxymethyl group under heating conditions with copper iodide and sodium methoxide. Oxidation of this compound in the presence of water was effective for obtaining the formylated carbazole, leading to the first total synthesis of carbazomycin F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunosuke Shima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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2
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Iwai K, Nishiwaki N. Unsymmetrization of 1,8-Dibromonaphthalenes by Acid-Induced Halogen Dance Reaction. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38788148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A simple and powerful tool for preparing uncommon bromoarenes via the unsymmetrization of a naphthalene ring was developed. The steric repulsion between the peri-bromo groups of 1,8-dibromonaphthalene distorts the naphthalene ring, allowing for nonelectronical activation. Ring distortion facilitates the 1,2-rearrangement of the bromo group, affording 1,7-dibromonaphthalene upon treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (halogen dance reaction). For 1,4,5,8-tetrabromonaphthalene, stepwise 1,2-rearrangements proceeded successively to furnish 1,3,5,7-tetrabromonaphthalene. Density functional theory calculations suggest that this reaction is initiated by ipso-protonation, with a subsequent 1,2-rearrangement occurring via the bromonium transition state. Utilizing 1,7-dibromonaphthalene, which is characterized by two C-Br bonds arranged at a 60° angle, a unique metal-organic framework comprising a 52-membered ring network was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Iwai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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3
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Inoue K, Mori A, Okano K. Ultrafast Halogen Dance Reactions of Bromoarenes Enabled by Catalytic Potassium Hexamethyldisilazide. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400104. [PMID: 38329223 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Lochmann-Schlosser base, a stoichiometric combination of nBuLi and KOtBu, is commonly used as a superbase for deprotonating a wide range of organic compounds. In the present study, we report that catalytic potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) exhibits higher catalytic activity than KOtBu for successive bromine-metal exchanges. Accordingly, 1-10 mol% of KHMDS dramatically enhances halogen dance reactions to introduce various electrophiles to bromopyridine, bromoimidazole, bromothiophene, bromofuran, and bromobenzene derivatives with the bromo group translocated from the original position. A dual catalytic cycle is proposed to explain the ultrafast bromine transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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4
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Jadhao NL, Musale HB, Gajbhiye JM, Humne VT. Copper-mediated [3 + 2] oxidative cyclization of oxime acetate and its utility in the formal synthesis of fentiazac. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:521-528. [PMID: 38087933 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01882b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A new protocol for the direct synthesis of 2-aminothiazole has been developed from oxime acetate and readily available sodium thiocyanate using a copper catalyst. The present transformation has good functional group tolerance. Various thiazoles were smoothly synthesized in good to excellent yields. The applicability of the present method has been extended to the formal synthesis of the non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drug, fentiazac via the Sandmeyer reaction and Suzuki coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin L Jadhao
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Harish B Musale
- Department of Chemistry, Shri R. R. Lahoti Science College, Morshi, 444905, India.
| | - Jayant M Gajbhiye
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vivek T Humne
- Department of Chemistry, Shri R. R. Lahoti Science College, Morshi, 444905, India.
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Mahawar P, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Heterobimetallic Hydrides with a Germanium(II)-Zinc Bond. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301496. [PMID: 37309983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of TMEDA (TMEDA=N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine), zinc dihydride reacted with germanium(II) compounds (BDI-H)Ge (1) and [(BDI)Ge][B(3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 )4 ] (3) (BDI-H = HC{(C=CH2 )(CMe)(NAr)2 }, BDI = [HC(CMeNAr)2 ]; Ar = 2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 ) by formal insertion of the germanium(II) center into the Zn-H bond of polymeric [ZnH2 ]n to give neutral and cationic zincagermane with a H-Ge-Zn-H core [(BDI-H)Ge(H)-(H)Zn(tmeda)] (2) and [(BDI)Ge(H)-(H)Zn(tmeda)][B(3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 )4 ] (4), respectively. Compound 2 eliminated [ZnH2 ] giving diamido germylene 1 at 60 °C. Compound 2 and deuterated analogue 2-d2 exchanged with [ZnH2 ]n and [ZnD2 ]n in the presence of TMEDA to give a mixture of 2 and 2-d2 . Compounds 2 and 4 reacted with carbon dioxide (1 bar) at room temperature to form zincagermane diformate [(BDI-H)Ge(OCHO)-(OCHO)Zn(tmeda)] (5) and formate bridged digermylene [({BDI}Ge)2 (μ-OCHO)]+ [B(C6 H3 (CF3 )2 )4 ] (6) along with zinc formate [(tmeda)Zn(μ-OCHO)3 Zn(tmeda)][B(C6 H3 (CF3 )2 )4 ] (7), respectively. The hydridic nature of the Ge-H and Zn-H bonds in 2 and 4 was probed by reactions with Brönsted and Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mahawar
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 35 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 35 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas P Spaniol
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
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Inoue K, Mori A, Okano K. Formal Halogen Transfer of Bromoarenes via Stepwise Reactions. Org Lett 2023; 25:6693-6698. [PMID: 37646376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A two-step halogen transfer of bromoarenes is reported. Mono-, di-, and tribromoaryllithiums generated through deprotonative lithiation were converted into organozinc species by in situ zincation, which were then subjected to bromination to provide the corresponding di-, tri-, and tetrabromoarenes, respectively, in 41-95% yields. Regioselective bromine-magnesium exchange with ethylmagnesium chloride followed by electrophilic trapping afforded benzene, pyridine, quinoline, pyrimidine, and thiazole derivatives with the bromo group translocated from the original position in 28-86% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Feng Y, Yukioka T, Matsuyama M, Mori A, Okano K. Deprotonative Generation and Trapping of Haloaryllithium in a Batch Reactor. Org Lett 2023; 25:3013-3017. [PMID: 37083303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A method for the regioselective functionalization of haloarenes through deprotonative lithiation is disclosed. The generated haloaryllithiums were trapped in a batch reactor with a zinc chloride diamine complex to provide organozinc species without aryne formation, which reacted with electrophiles to afford the corresponding products in 38-98% yields. This method was applied to the five-step total synthesis of carbazomycin A on a gram scale in 33% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Feng
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taro Yukioka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mei Matsuyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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8
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Inoue K, Hirano K, Fujioka S, Uchiyama M, Mori A, Okano K. Lithium Aryltrifluoroborate as a Catalyst for Halogen Transfer. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyo̅go 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyo̅go 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyo̅go 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyo̅go 657-8501, Japan
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9
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Kremsmair A, Hess A, Heinz B, Knochel P. Regioselective Magnesiations and Zincations of Aromatics and Heterocycles Triggered by Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103269. [PMID: 34704653 PMCID: PMC9300163 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mixed TMP‐bases (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl), such as TMPMgCl ⋅ LiCl, TMP2Mg ⋅ 2LiCl, TMPZnCl ⋅ LiCl and TMP2Zn ⋅ 2LiCl, are outstanding reagents for the metalation of functionalized aromatics and heterocycles. In the presence of Lewis acids, such as BF3 ⋅ OEt2 or MgCl2, the metalation scope of such bases was dramatically increased, and regioselectivity switches were achieved in the presence or absence of these Lewis acids. Furthermore, highly reactive lithium bases, such as TMPLi or Cy2NLi, are also compatible with various Lewis acids, such as MgCl2 ⋅ 2LiCl, ZnCl2 ⋅ 2LiCl or CuCN ⋅ 2LiCl. Performing such metalations in continuous flow using commercial setups permitted practical and convenient reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Andreas Hess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Benjamin Heinz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemie und Pharamzie, GERMANY
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Department of Chemistry, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, GERMANY
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Morii K, Yasuda Y, Morikawa D, Mori A, Okano K. Total Synthesis of Lamellarins G, J, L, and Z Using One-Pot Halogen Dance/Negishi Coupling. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13388-13401. [PMID: 34546054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bottom-up synthesis of lamellarins G, J, L, and Z was achieved via one-pot halogen dance/Negishi coupling of a lithiated dibromopyrrole derivative. The easily accessible dibromopyrrole bearing an ester moiety underwent halogen dance smoothly at -78 °C within 10 min. The resultant α-pyrrolyllithium was transmetalated to the corresponding organozinc species, which was then coupled with an aryl iodide in the presence of catalytic palladium to provide the fully substituted pyrrole. Subsequent halogen-lithium exchange was performed to incorporate a boronate group exclusively at the β position proximal to the ester moiety. This synthetic intermediate allowed stepwise diarylation for the total synthesis of lamellarins G, J, L, and Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Morii
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Yasuda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Daiki Morikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Dayaker G, Erb W, Hedidi M, Chevallier F, Blot M, Gros PC, Hilmersson G, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Bentabed-Ababsa G, Mongin F. Enantioselective deprotometalation of alkyl ferrocenecarboxylates using bimetallic bases. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our attempts to deprotometalate alkyl ferrocenecarboxylates enantioselectively by using chiral lithium–zinc or lithium–cadmium bases are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandrath Dayaker
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - William Erb
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Madani Hedidi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El M’Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Floris Chevallier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Marielle Blot
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | | | - Göran Hilmersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Göteborg University, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Ghenia Bentabed-Ababsa
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El M’Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Florence Mongin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
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