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Rosetti B, Scarel E, Colomina-Alfaro L, Adorinni S, Pierri G, Bellotto O, Mamprin K, Polentarutti M, Bandiera A, Tedesco C, Marchesan S. Self-Assembly of Homo- and Hetero-Chiral Cyclodipeptides into Supramolecular Polymers towards Antimicrobial Gels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214554. [PMID: 36365547 PMCID: PMC9654196 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest towards the development of new antimicrobial coatings, especially in light of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) towards common antibiotics. Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) or diketopiperazines (DKPs) are attractive candidates for their ability to self-assemble into supramolecular polymers and yield gel coatings that do not persist in the environment. In this work, we compare the antimicrobial cyclo(Leu-Phe) with its heterochiral analogs cyclo(D-Leu-L-Phe) and cyclo(L-Leu-D-Phe), as well as cyclo(L-Phe-D-Phe), for their ability to gel. The compounds were synthesized, purified by HPLC, and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed details of the intermolecular interactions within the supramolecular polymers. The DKPs were then tested for their cytocompatibility on fibroblast cells and for their antimicrobial activity on S. aureus. Overall, DKPs displayed good cytocompatibility and very mild antimicrobial activity, which requires improvement towards applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosetti
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erica Scarel
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Simone Adorinni
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ottavia Bellotto
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin Mamprin
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (S.M.)
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