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Küstner MJ, Eckstein D, Brauer D, Mai P, Hampl J, Weise F, Schuhmann B, Hause G, Glahn F, Foth H, Schober A. Modular air-liquid interface aerosol exposure system (MALIES) to study toxicity of nanoparticle aerosols in 3D-cultured A549 cells in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1061-1080. [PMID: 38340173 PMCID: PMC10944414 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel lung aerosol exposure system named MALIES (modular air-liquid interface exposure system), which allows three-dimensional cultivation of lung epithelial cells in alveolar-like scaffolds (MatriGrids®) and exposure to nanoparticle aerosols. MALIES consists of multiple modular units for aerosol generation, and can be rapidly assembled and commissioned. The MALIES system was proven for its ability to reliably produce a dose-dependent toxicity in A549 cells using CuSO4 aerosol. Cytotoxic effects of BaSO4- and TiO2-nanoparticles were investigated using MALIES with the human lung tumor cell line A549 cultured at the air-liquid interface. Experiments with concentrations of up to 5.93 × 105 (BaSO4) and 1.49 × 106 (TiO2) particles/cm3, resulting in deposited masses of up to 26.6 and 74.0 µg/cm2 were performed using two identical aerosol exposure systems in two different laboratories. LDH, resazurin reduction and total glutathione were measured. A549 cells grown on MatriGrids® form a ZO-1- and E-Cadherin-positive epithelial barrier and produce mucin and surfactant protein. BaSO4-NP in a deposited mass of up to 26.6 µg/cm2 resulted in mild, reversible damage (~ 10% decrease in viability) to lung epithelium 24 h after exposure. TiO2-NP in a deposited mass of up to 74.0 µg/cm2 did not induce any cytotoxicity in A549 cells 24 h and 72 h after exposure, with the exception of a 1.7 fold increase in the low exposure group in laboratory 1. These results are consistent with previous studies showing no significant damage to lung epithelium by short-term treatment with low concentrations of nanoscale BaSO4 and TiO2 in in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Küstner
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O. Box, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - D Eckstein
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - D Brauer
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O. Box, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - P Mai
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O. Box, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - J Hampl
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O. Box, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - F Weise
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O. Box, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - B Schuhmann
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - G Hause
- Biocenter, Department of Electron Microscopy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - F Glahn
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H Foth
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Schober
- Department of Nano-Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, P.O. Box, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
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Pohl B, Jamshidi R, Brenner G, Peuker U. Experimental study of continuous ultrasonic reactors for mixing and precipitation of nanoparticles. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pohl B, Jamshidi R, Brenner G, Peuker U. Charakterisierung der Mischung und Fällung bei sonochemischen Reaktoren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Reaktorform. CHEM-ING-TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rüfer A, Räuchle K, Krahl F, Reschetilowski W. Kontinuierliche Darstellung von Bariumsulfat-Nanopartikeln imMicroJet-Reaktor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200900108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pohl B, Özyilmaz N, Brenner G, Peuker U. Charakterisierung einer konischen Geometrie für einen Ultraschalldurchflussreaktor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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