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Shayan Nasr M, Esmaeilnezhad E, Choi HJ. An overview on the enhanced gas condensate recovery with novel and green methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26160-26181. [PMID: 35080726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A consideration of the negative environmental aspects of fossil fuels has made natural gas the best choice to meet the human demand for energy. The condensate gas reservoir is one source of gases that tolerates skin problems (liquid blockage). Conventional methods for inhibiting or removing liquid blockages are momentary treatments, non-eco-friendly, and expensive. Therefore, new methods have been introduced, such as wettability alteration toward liquid repellency, renewable energies, thermochemical reactions and waves for heating reservoirs, and CO2 injection. This paper reviews the methods for altering the wettability of porous media by fluorochemicals, fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs), and free fluorocarbon materials from natural substances. NPs, particularly silicon-based types, as a green, clean, and emerging technology that are more compatible with the environment, were investigated for their ability to alter the wettability and upgrade conventional materials, such as polymers and surfactants. The feasibility of using renewable energies, thermochemical reactions, and waves for heating the gas condensate reservoir to overcome the skin problem and return the reservoir to the reasonable and economical gas production is reviewed. Finally, CO2 injection is introduced as a multi-purpose green method to enhance gas condensate recovery and allow CO2 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Shayan Nasr
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ehsan Esmaeilnezhad
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
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Effect of μPlasma Modification on the Wettability and the Ageing Behaviour of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyamide 6 (GFPA6). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247721. [PMID: 34947314 PMCID: PMC8703427 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6 (GFPA6) thermoplastic composites (TPCs) are promising materials with excellent properties, but due to their low surface free energy they are usually difficult to wet, and therefore, possesses poor adhesion properties. μPlasma modification offers potential solutions to this problem through functionalisation of the GFPA6 surface. In this study, the effect of μPlasma on the wetting behaviour of GFPA6 surfaces was investigated. Following single μPlasma treatment scans of GFPA6 samples, a substantial enhancement in wettability was observed. However, the effect of the μPlasma modification was subject to an ageing (hydrophobic recovery) phenomenon, although the enhancement was still partially maintained after 4 weeks. The ageing process was slower when the GFPA6 material was pre-dried and stored in low humidity conditions, thereby demonstrating the importance of the storage environment to the rate of ageing. Orientation of the fibres to the observed contact angle was found to be crucial for obtaining reproducible measurements with lower deviation. The influence of testing liquid, droplet volume and surface texture on the repeatability of the measured contact angle were also investigated.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Liu Z, Tang L, Liang L, Zhang C, Li Q, Xu N, Sun J, Shi W. Achieving the Super Gas-Wetting Alteration by Functionalized Nano-Silica for Improving Fluid Flowing Capacity in Gas Condensate Reservoirs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10996-11006. [PMID: 33634694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the production of gas-condensate reservoirs is significantly affected by the liquid condensation near the wellbore region. Gas-wetting alteration can be one of the most effective approaches to alleviate condensate accumulation and improve liquid distribution. However, gas well deliverability is still limited because the wettability of cores is altered only from liquid-wetting to intermediate gas-wetting by using traditional chemical stimulation. To solve this bottleneck problem, herein, we developed a fluorine-functionalized nanosilica to achieve super gas-wetting alteration, increasing the contact angles of water and n-hexadecane on the treated core surface from 23 and 0° to 157 and 145°, respectively. The surface free energy reduces rapidly from 67.97 to 0.23 mN/m. The super gas-wetting adsorption layer on the core surface formed by functionalized nanosilica not only increases the surface roughness but also reduces the surface free energy. The core flooding confirms that the required pressure for displacement is apparently reduced. Meanwhile, the core permeability can be dramatically restored after the super gas-wetting alteration. The microscopic visualization is employed to further understand the impact of fluorine-functionalized nanosilica on the fluid flow behavior and mechanism in porous media. The oil saturation in the micromodel decreases sharply from 48.75 to 7.84%, eliminating the "water locking effect" and "Jiamin effect", which indicates that the added functional nanosilica effectively improves fluid flow capacity and may contribute to production in the gas condensate reservoirs. In addition, this work reveals the fluid flow behavior and mechanism in the reservoir in detail, which will expand the better application of this material to many oilfields and other mining engineering systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Li
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401332, China
| | - Longhao Tang
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Lei Liang
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ning Xu
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Erfani H, Karimi Malekabadi A, Ghazanfari MH, Rostami B. Experimental and Modelling Study of Gravity Drainage in a Three-Block System. Transp Porous Media 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-020-01521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGravity drainage is known as the controlling mechanism of oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs. The efficiency of this mechanism is controlled by block-to-block interactions through capillary continuity and/or reinfiltration processes. In this study, at first, several free-fall gravity drainage experiments were conducted on a well-designed three-block apparatus and the role of tilt angle, spacers’ permeability, wettability and effective contact area (representing a different status of the block-to-block interactions between matrix blocks) on the recovery efficiency were investigated. Then, an experimental-based numerical model of free-fall gravity drainage process was developed, validated and used for monitoring the saturation profiles along with the matrix blocks. Results showed that gas wetting condition of horizontal fracture weakens the capillary continuity and in consequence decreases the recovery factor in comparison with the original liquid wetting condition. Moreover, higher spacers’ permeability increases oil recovery at early times, while it decreases the ultimate recovery factor. Tilt angle from the vertical axis decreases recovery factor, due to greater connectivity of matrix blocks to vertical fracture and consequent channelling. Decreasing horizontal fracture aperture decreases recovery at early times but increases the ultimate recovery due to a greater extent of capillary continuity between the adjacent blocks. Well match observed between the numerical model results and the experimental data of oil recovery makes the COMSOL multiphysics model attractive for application in multi-blocks fractured systems considering block-to-block interactions. The findings of this research improve our understanding of the role of different fracture properties on the block-to-block interactions and how they change the ultimate recovery of a multi-block system.
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Hassan A, Mahmoud M, Kamal MS, Hussain SMS, Patil S. Novel Treatment for Mitigating Condensate Bank Using a Newly Synthesized Gemini Surfactant. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133030. [PMID: 32630778 PMCID: PMC7412374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensate accumulation in the vicinity of the gas well is known to curtail hydrocarbon production by up to 80%. Numerous approaches are being employed to mitigate condensate damage and improve gas productivity. Chemical treatment, gas recycling, and hydraulic fracturing are the most effective techniques for combatting the condensate bank. However, the gas injection technique showed temporary condensate recovery and limited improvement in gas productivity. Hydraulic fracturing is considered to be an expensive approach for treating condensate banking problems. In this study, a newly synthesized gemini surfactant (GS) was developed to prevent the formation of condensate blockage in the gas condensate reservoirs. Flushing the near-wellbore area with GS will change the rock wettability and thereby reduce the capillary forces holding the condensate due to the strong adsorption capacity of GS on the rock surface. In this study, several measurements were conducted to assess the performance of GS in mitigating the condensate bank including coreflood, relative permeability, phase behavior, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The results show that GS can reduce the capillary pressure by as much as 40%, increase the condensate mobility by more than 80%, and thereby mitigate the condensate bank by up to 84%. Phase behavior measurements indicate that adding GS to the oil–brine system could not induce any emulsions at different salinity levels. Moreover, NMR and permeability measurements reveal that the gemini surfactant has no effect on the pore system and no changes were observed in the T2 relaxation profiles with and without the GS injection. Ultimately, this work introduces a novel and effective treatment for mitigating the condensate bank. The new treatment showed an attractive performance in reducing liquid saturation and increasing the condensate relative permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjed Hassan
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.P.); Tel.: +966-13-860-2305 (S.P.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Kamal
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.K.); (S.M.S.H.)
| | - Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.K.); (S.M.S.H.)
| | - Shirish Patil
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.P.); Tel.: +966-13-860-2305 (S.P.)
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Ahmadi R, Farmani Z, Osfouri S, Azin R. Condensate blockage remediation in a gas reservoir through wettability alteration using natural CaCO3 nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Monjezi R, Ghotbi C, Jafari Behbahani T, Bakhshi P. Experimental investigation of dynamic asphaltene adsorption on calcite packs: The impact of single and mixed‐salt brine films. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Monjezi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Cyrus Ghotbi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | | | - Puyan Bakhshi
- Department of Petroleum EngineeringAhwaz Faculty of PetroleumPetroleum University of TechnologyAhvazIran
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Wettability Measurements on 3D Printed Sandstone Analogues and Its Implications for Fluid Transport Phenomena. Transp Porous Media 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Joonaki E, Buckman J, Burgass R, Tohidi B. Exploration of the Difference in Molecular Structure of n-C7 and CO2 Induced Asphaltenes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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