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Rivera FF, Rodríguez FA, Rivero EP, Cruz-Díaz MR. Parametric Mathematical Modelling of Cristal Violet Dye Electrochemical Oxidation Using a Flow Electrochemical Reactor with BDD and DSA Anodes in Sulfate Media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
An important issue in electrochemical oxidations of pollutant compounds, like organic dyes, is identifying a suitable correlation between operational conditions and electrochemical process performance. In such sense, this work deals with the parametric modelling of direct electrochemical incineration of crystal violet (CV) dye in a FM01-LC flow electrochemical reactor with a plastic spacer configuration using boron doped diamond (BDD) and dimensionally stable (IrO2 and IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5) anode plates. Mathematical model takes into account the fluid dynamics effects by the use of FM01-LC reactor considering mass transport rate of organic compound (R) from bulk solution to electrode surface, characterized by a dispersion coefficient and Pe number. The effect of strong oxidants produced in the electrode surface can be neglected since the characteristic time constant reaction of pollutants with such oxidants is lower than those describing the diffusion of organic compound to the electrode surface. Model parameters were estimated throughout a fitting method of the experimental data. The model proposed here predicted a 99.7 removal percentage of CV with boron doped diamond and IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anodes obtained experimentally, meanwhile a 79 % removal with the IrO2 anode was reached at Re = 2204 during an electrolysis time of 7200 s for both cases. In the case of IrO2 anodes, complex interactions between hydroxyl-radical and electrode surface provokes an intermediate kinetic process, with an effectiveness factor of 0.59. When BDD and IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anodes were used, the removal process mediated by hydroxyl-radicals absorbed in electrode surface was fully limited by mass transport.
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Weissbrodt DG, Holliger C, Morgenroth E. Modeling hydraulic transport and anaerobic uptake by PAOs and GAOs during wastewater feeding in EBPR granular sludge reactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1688-1702. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Weissbrodt
- ETH Zürich; Institute of Environmental Engineering; Zürich 8093 Switzerland
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
- School of Architecture; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
| | - Christof Holliger
- School of Architecture; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- ETH Zürich; Institute of Environmental Engineering; Zürich 8093 Switzerland
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
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Pant HJ, Sharma VK. Investigation of flow dynamics of liquid phase in a pilot-scale trickle bed reactor using radiotracer technique. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 116:163-73. [PMID: 27544314 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A radiotracer investigation was carried out to measure residence time distribution (RTD) of liquid phase in a trickle bed reactor (TBR). The main objectives of the investigation were to investigate radial and axial mixing of the liquid phase, and evaluate performance of the liquid distributor/redistributor at different operating conditions. Mean residence times (MRTs), holdups (H) and fraction of flow flowing along different quadrants were estimated. The analysis of the measured RTD curves indicated radial non-uniform distribution of liquid phase across the beds. The overall RTD of the liquid phase, measured at the exit of the reactor was simulated using a multi-parameter axial dispersion with exchange model (ADEM), and model parameters were obtained. The results of model simulations indicated that the TBR behaved as a plug flow reactor at most of the operating conditions used in the investigation. The results of the investigation helped to improve the existing design as well as to design a full-scale industrial TBR for petroleum refining applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Pant
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - V K Sharma
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Iliuta I, Larachi F, Déry M, Baillargeon S. Liquid residence time distribution in a two-compartment wastewater treatment bioreactor. CAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ion Iliuta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; Québec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Faïçal Larachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; Québec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Maxime Déry
- BIONEST 55; 12 rue, C.P. 10070 Grand-Mère Québec Canada G9T 5K7
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Axial dispersion in packed bed reactors involving viscoinelastic and viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1011-8. [PMID: 23138641 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Axial dispersion is an important parameter in the performance of packed bed reactors. A lot of fluids exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour but the effect of rheological parameters on axial dispersion is not available in literature. The effect of rheology on axial dispersion has been analysed for viscoinelastic and viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids. Aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide have been chosen to represent viscoinelastic and viscoelastic liquid-phases. Axial dispersion has been measured in terms of BoL number. The single parameter axial dispersion model has been applied to analyse RTD response curve. The BoL numbers were observed to increase with increase in liquid flow rate and consistency index 'K' for viscoinelastic as well as viscoelastic fluids. Bodenstein correlation for Newtonian fluids proposed has been modified to account for the effect of fluid rheology. Further, Weissenberg number is introduced to quantify the effect of viscoelasticity.
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CHOE DAEKI, LEE WONKOOK. LIQUID PHASE DISPERSION IN A PACKED COLUMN WITH COUNTERCURRENT TWO-PHASE FLOW. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00986448508911205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DAE KI CHOE
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , P.O. Box 131, Dongdaemun, Seoul, 130, Korea
| | - WON KOOK LEE
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , P.O. Box 131, Dongdaemun, Seoul, 130, Korea
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Analysis and interpretation of residence time distribution experimental curves in FM01-LC reactor using axial dispersion and plug dispersion exchange models with closed–closed boundary conditions. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zacchi P, Bastida SC, Jaeger P, Cocero M, Eggers R. Countercurrent de-acidification of vegetable oils using supercritical CO2: Holdup and RTD experiments. J Supercrit Fluids 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- B.Z. UYSAL
- a Chem. Eng. Dept , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid, Jordan
| | - M. OZILGEN
- b Food Eng. Dept , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
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Macías-Salinas R, Fair JR. Axial mixing in modern packings, gas, and liquid phases: II. Two-phase flow. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690460111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kreutzer MT, Kapteijn F, Moulijn JA, Heiszwolf JJ. Multiphase monolith reactors: Chemical reaction engineering of segmented flow in microchannels. Chem Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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YIN FH, MIDGLEY JL, AFACAN A, NANDAKUMAR K, CHUANG KT. CFD SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLOW IN PACKED BUBBLE COLUMNS. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/0986440490472599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yin F, Afacan A, Nandakumar K, Chuang K. CFD Simulation and Experimental Study of Liquid Dispersion in Randomly Packed Metal Pall Rings. Chem Eng Res Des 2002. [DOI: 10.1205/026387602753501852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fernandez-Lahore HM, Kleef R, Kula M, Thommes J. The influence of complex biological feedstock on the fluidization and bed stability in expanded bed adsorption. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999; 64:484-96. [PMID: 10397887 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990820)64:4<484::aid-bit11>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The stability of expanded bed adsorption systems (EBA) was studied in biomass containing culture broth by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments, using pulse inputs of fluorescent molecules as tracers. Different commercial adsorbents (Streamline DEAE, SP, Phenyl, Chelating, and AC) were tested at various biomass concentrations (2.5-12 %, wet weight) of whole (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) yeast, yeast cell homogenate, and Escherichia coli homogenate. Analyzing the RTD according to the PDE model (PDE: axially dispersed plug-flow exchanging mass with stagnant zones) allowed the calculation of three parameters: the number of transfer units for mass exchange between mobile and stagnant fraction (N), the Peclet number for overall axial dispersion (P), and the mobile fraction of the liquid in axially dispersed plug flow (varphi). When fluidization was performed in particle-free buffer the normalized response signal (after perfect input pulse) was symmetric (N:0; P: 50-100; varphi: 1), thus, demonstrating the formation of a homogeneous fluidized (expanded) bed. Upon application of suspended biomass the RTD was skewed, depending on the adsorbent used and the type and level of biomass present in the sample. This situation leads to three different characteristic pictures: the well-fluidized system (N: >/= 7-10; P: >/= 40; varphi: 0.80-0.90), the system exhibiting bottom channeling (N: < 1-2; P: >/= 40; varphi: 0.5-0.7) and, the system where extensive agglomeration develops (N: 4-7; P: 20-40; varphi: < 0.5). These results demonstrate that changes in the hydrodynamics of EBA already take place in the presence of moderate concentrations of biomass. Furthermore, those changes can be quantitatively described mainly in terms of the fraction of stagnant zones in the system, which are formed due to the interaction of biomass and adsorbent. The technique described here can be used to evaluate a certain combination of adsorbent and biomass with regard to its suitability for expanded bed adsorption from whole broth. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechol Bioeng 64: 484-496, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- HM Fernandez-Lahore
- Institut fur Enzymtechnologie der Heinrich-Heine Universitat Dusseldorf im Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52426 Julich, Germany
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Iliuta I, Thyrion F, Muntean O. Axial Dispersion of Liquid in Gas-Liquid Cocurrent Downflow and Upflow Fixed-Bed Reactors with Porous Particles. Chem Eng Res Des 1998. [DOI: 10.1205/026387698524488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Iliuta I, Thyrion FC, Bolle L, Giot M. Comparison of hydrodynamic parameters for countercurrent and cocurrent flow through packed beds. Chem Eng Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.270200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Iliuta I, Thyrion FC, Muntean O. Residence time distribution of the liquid in two-phase cocurrent downflow in packed beds: Air/newtonian and non-newtonian liquid systems. CAN J CHEM ENG 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450740531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsamatsoulis D, Papayannakos N. Simulation of non-ideal flow in a trickle bed hydrotreater by the cross-flow model. Chem Eng Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Remananda Rao K. Prediction of liquid film mass transfer coefficients in packed columns using liquid holdup. CAN J CHEM ENG 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450710505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Trickle-bed reactors: Tracer study of liquid holdup and wetting efficiency at high temperature and pressure. CAN J CHEM ENG 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450690426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abraham M, Sawant S. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of packed bubble columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(90)80011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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RANGAIAH G, KRISHNASWAMY P. ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS OF TRICKLE FLOW MODELS BY NONLINEAR LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS. CHEM ENG COMMUN 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/00986448708960472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.P. RANGAIAH
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National University of Singapore , 0511, Singapore
| | - P.R. KRISHNASWAMY
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National University of Singapore , 0511, Singapore
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An experimental study of the flow of liquid in counter-current trickle beds by the frequency response technique. Chem Eng Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(85)85107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sicardi S, Baldi G, Specchia V. Hydrodynamic models for the interpretation of the liquid flow in trickle-bed reactors. Chem Eng Sci 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(80)85014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patwardhan VS. Effective interfacial area in packed beds for absorption with chemical reaction. CAN J CHEM ENG 1978. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450560108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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A multistage gas distribution method in bubbling apparatus. CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01144402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mathur VK, Wellek RM. Effect of axial dispersion on interphase mass transfer in packed absorption columns. CAN J CHEM ENG 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450540113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chen BH. Gas holdup and liquid flow velocity in a bubble column containing screen cylinders. CAN J CHEM ENG 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450530213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fan LT, Pereira NC. Modelling of dispersion and dead space in an air chamber. CAN J CHEM ENG 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450520220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Co P, Bibaud R. Longitudinal mixing of the liquid phase in packed columns with countercurrent two phase flow. CAN J CHEM ENG 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450490603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sallaly M, Reynier J. Dispersed phase dynamics in packed columns for co-current liquid—liquid down-flow. Chem Eng Sci 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(70)80062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Modèle représentatif de la distribution des temps de séjour dans un réacteur semi-infini à dispersion axiale avec zones stagnantes. Application à l'écoulement ruisselant dans des colonnes d'anneaux Raschig. Chem Eng Sci 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(69)80081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Van Swaaij W, Charpentier J, Villermaux J. Residence time distribution in the liquid phase of trickle flow in packed columns. Chem Eng Sci 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(69)80080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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