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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36797236 PMCID: PMC9935929 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers and adds to losses in the labor force. In the past few decades, RA has attracted increased attention from researchers, the abnormal signaling pathways in RA are a very important research field in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, which provides important evidence for understanding this complex disease and developing novel RA-linked intervention targets. The current review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of RA, including a general introduction to the disease, historical events, epidemiology, risk factors, and pathological process, highlight the primary research progress of the disease and various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, summarize the most recent developments in identifying novel signaling pathways in RA and new inhibitors for treating RA. therapeutic interventions including approved drugs, clinical drugs, pre-clinical drugs, and cutting-edge therapeutic technologies. These developments will hopefully drive progress in new strategically targeted therapies and hope to provide novel ideas for RA treatment options in the future.
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Wydra VR, Ditzinger RB, Seidler NJ, Hacker FW, Laufer SA. A patent review of MAPK inhibitors (2018 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:421-444. [PMID: 37501497 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2242584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family consist of p38 MAP kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). They are involved in a multitude of diseases, including inflammatory, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. In recent years, further developments in the field of MAPK-inhibitors have been reported, including an isoform or downstream target selective inhibition of MAPKs as well as target protein degradation approaches. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes newly patented MAPK-inhibitors that were claimed between 2018 and early 2023. Presented are the patents as well as their corresponding publications, the storyline of development, and clinical trials involving these compounds. This article elaborates a total of 27 patents, which were identified using established search engines. EXPERT OPINION Although industrial research on MAPK-inhibitors has been ongoing for more than 20 years, novel clinical trials of MAPK-inhibitors as potential drug candidates are still being conducted in the period under review. Recently reported inhibitors show an excellent selectivity profile and are even achieving selectivity between closely related isoforms. This progression offers the possibility to eliminate unwanted side effects and may finally lead to the approval of the first MAPK-inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin R Wydra
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raphael B Ditzinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nico J Seidler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederik W Hacker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universit't Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (Tücad2), Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Liu M, Huang M, Li W, Yan Y, Li M, Zhang X. Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N‐Aryl‐3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Min Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Yingkun Yan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Min Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology of Sichuan Province Ren Min Nan Lu 610041 Chengdu CHINA
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Denny WA. Inhibitors and Activators of the p38 Mitogen- Activated MAP Kinase (MAPK) Family as Drugs to Treat Cancer and Inflammation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:209-220. [PMID: 35168519 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220215142837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAP kinases are a sub-family of the broad group of mitogen-activated serine-threonine protein kinases. The best-characterised, most widely expressed, and most targeted by drugs is p38α MAP kinase. This review briefly summarises the place of p38α MAP kinase in cellular signalling and discusses the structures and activity profiles of representative examples of the major classes of inhibitors and activators (both synthetic compounds and natural products) of this enzyme. Primary screening was primarily direct in vitro inhibition of isolated p38α enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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5
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Jin J, Huang X, Xu J, Li T, Peng X, Zhu X, Zhang J, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation and Desymmetrization of Urazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:3991-3996. [PMID: 33979174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An NHC-catalyzed atroposelective reaction between ynals and urazoles is disclosed. The reaction establishes a chiral C-N axis via an atroposelective [3 + 2] annulation/desymmetrization process. Our reaction allows efficient access to axially chiral and heteroatom-rich urazole derivatives with potential applications in bioactive molecules and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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6
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Madkour MM, Anbar HS, El-Gamal MI. Current status and future prospects of p38α/MAPK14 kinase and its inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113216. [PMID: 33524689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
P38α (which is also named MAPK14) plays a pivotal role in initiating different disease states such as inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular cases, and cancer. Inhibitors of p38α can be utilized for treatment of these diseases. In this article, we reviewed the structural and biological characteristics of p38α, its relationship to the fore-mentioned disease states, as well as the recently reported inhibitors and classified them according to their chemical structures. We focused on the articles published in the literature during the last decade (2011-2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa M Madkour
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, 19099, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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7
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Casadomé-Perales Á, Matteis LD, Alleva M, Infantes-Rodríguez C, Palomares-Pérez I, Saito T, Saido TC, Esteban JA, Nebreda AR, de la Fuente JM, Dotti CG. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in the brain through nasal administration of p38 inhibitor loaded in chitosan nanocapsules. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2409-2422. [PMID: 31456488 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine whether a p38 MAPK inhibitor incorporated into nanoemulsion-based chitosan nanocapsules can reduce the activity of this kinase in the brain through their nasal administration in mice. Materials & methods: We selected the p38 MAPK inhibitor PH797804, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38α encapsulated in nanoemulsion-based chitosan nanocapsules. Biological effect was evaluated in microglial and neuronal cells in vitro and in ex vivo and in vivo systems, in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Results: Encapsulated inhibitor retains enzymatic inhibitory activity and tissue penetration capacity in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Conclusion: Nasal administration of chitosan nanocapsules can be an effective approach for brain-restricted reduction of p38 MAPK activity, thus reducing the side effects of systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Casadomé-Perales
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura De Matteis
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza & CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Alleva
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza & CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Infantes-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Palomares-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
| | - José A Esteban
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, & ICREA, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza & CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Oliva J, Galasinski S, Richey A, Campbell AE, Meyers MJ, Modi N, Zhong JW, Tawil R, Tapscott SJ, Sverdrup FM. Clinically Advanced p38 Inhibitors Suppress DUX4 Expression in Cellular and Animal Models of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:219-230. [PMID: 31189728 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterized by misexpression of the double homeobox 4 (DUX4) developmental transcription factor in mature skeletal muscle, where it is responsible for muscle degeneration. Preventing expression of DUX4 mRNA is a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy with the potential to halt or reverse the course of disease. We previously reported that agonists of the β-2 adrenergic receptor suppress DUX4 expression by activating adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP levels. Efforts to further explore this signaling pathway led to the identification of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as a major regulator of DUX4 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrate that clinically advanced p38 inhibitors suppress DUX4 expression in FSHD type 1 and 2 myoblasts and differentiating myocytes in vitro with exquisite potency. Individual small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of either p38α or p38β suppresses DUX4 expression, demonstrating that each kinase isoform plays a distinct requisite role in activating DUX4 Finally, p38 inhibitors effectively suppress DUX4 expression in a mouse xenograft model of human FSHD gene regulation. These data support the repurposing of existing clinical p38 inhibitors as potential therapeutics for FSHD. The surprise finding that p38α and p38β isoforms each independently contribute to DUX4 expression offers a unique opportunity to explore the utility of p38 isoform-selective inhibitors to balance efficacy and safety in skeletal muscle. We propose p38 inhibition as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for FSHD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) currently has no treatment options. This work provides evidence that repurposing a clinically advanced p38 inhibitor may provide the first disease-modifying drug for FSHD by suppressing toxic DUX4 expression, the root cause of muscle degeneration in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Oliva
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Scott Galasinski
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Amelia Richey
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Amy E Campbell
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Marvin J Meyers
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Neal Modi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Jun Wen Zhong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Stephen J Tapscott
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Francis M Sverdrup
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
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9
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Chandrasekhar J, Dick R, Van Veldhuizen J, Koditek D, Lepist EI, McGrath ME, Patel L, Phillips G, Sedillo K, Somoza JR, Therrien J, Till NA, Treiberg J, Villaseñor AG, Zherebina Y, Perreault S. Atropisomerism by Design: Discovery of a Selective and Stable Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) β Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6858-6868. [PMID: 30015489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a type of axial chirality in which enantiomers or diastereoisomers arise due to hindered rotation around a bond axis. In this manuscript, we report a case in which torsional scan studies guided the thoughtful creation of a restricted axis of rotation between two heteroaromatic systems of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) β inhibitor, generating a pair of atropisomeric compounds with significantly different pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles. Emblematic of these differences, the metabolism of inactive ( M)-28 is primarily due to the cytosolic enzyme aldehyde oxidase, while active ( P)-28 has lower affinity for aldehyde oxidase, resulting in substantially better metabolic stability. Additionally, we report torsional scan and experimental studies used to determine the barriers of rotation of this novel PI3Kβ inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Dick
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Joshua Van Veldhuizen
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 199 East Blaine Street , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - David Koditek
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | | | - Mary E McGrath
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Leena Patel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 199 East Blaine Street , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Gary Phillips
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 199 East Blaine Street , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Kassandra Sedillo
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 199 East Blaine Street , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - John R Somoza
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Joseph Therrien
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 199 East Blaine Street , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | | | - Jennifer Treiberg
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 199 East Blaine Street , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Armando G Villaseñor
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Yelena Zherebina
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Stephane Perreault
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. , 199 East Blaine Street , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
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10
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Abrahams A, Mouchet N, Gouault N, Lohézic Le Dévéhat F, Le Roch M, Rouaud I, Gilot D, Galibert MD. Integrating targeted gene expression and a skin model system to identify functional inhibitors of the UV activated p38 MAP kinase. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 15:1468-1475. [PMID: 27748490 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00283h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The stress-activated p38α MAP Kinase is an integral and critical component of the UV-induced inflammatory response. Despite the advances in recent years in the development of p38 kinase inhibitors, validation of these compounds in the diseased models remains limited. Based on the pharmacological profile of p38α inhibitor lead compound, SB203580, we synthesized a series of pyrrole-derivatives. Using UV-irradiated human skin punch-biopsies and cell cultures, we identified and validated the inhibitory activity of the derivatives by quantitatively measuring their effect on the expression of p38α target genes using real-time PCR. This approach not only identified pyrrole-2 as a unique derivative of this series that specifically inhibited the UV-activated p38α kinase, but also documented the skin permeation, bioavailability and reversible properties of this derivative in a 3D structure. The successful skin permeation of pyrrole-2 and its impact on AREG, COX-2 and MMP-9 gene expression demonstrates its potential use in modulating inflammatory processes in the skin. This study underscored the importance of using adapted biological models to identify accurate bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaal Abrahams
- CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, France. and University of Rennes1, France and University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicolas Mouchet
- CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, France. and University of Rennes1, France
| | - Nicolas Gouault
- University of Rennes1, France and CNRS UMR6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, France
| | | | - Myriam Le Roch
- University of Rennes1, France and CNRS UMR6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Rouaud
- University of Rennes1, France and CNRS UMR6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, France
| | - David Gilot
- CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, France. and University of Rennes1, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, France. and University of Rennes1, France and CHU-Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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11
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Kaieda A, Takahashi M, Takai T, Goto M, Miyazaki T, Hori Y, Unno S, Kawamoto T, Tanaka T, Itono S, Takagi T, Hamada T, Shirasaki M, Okada K, Snell G, Bragstad K, Sang BC, Uchikawa O, Miwatashi S. Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-based p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:647-660. [PMID: 29291937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We identified novel potent inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase using structure-based design strategy. X-ray crystallography showed that when p38 MAP kinase is complexed with TAK-715 (1) in a co-crystal structure, Phe169 adopts two conformations, where one interacts with 1 and the other shows no interaction with 1. Our structure-based design strategy shows that these two conformations converge into one via enhanced protein-ligand hydrophobic interactions. According to the strategy, we focused on scaffold transformation to identify imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives as potent inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase. Among the herein described and evaluated compounds, N-oxide 16 exhibited potent inhibition of p38 MAP kinase and LPS-induced TNF-α production in human monocytic THP-1 cells, and significant in vivo efficacy in rat collagen-induced arthritis models. In this article, we report the discovery of potent, selective and orally bioavailable imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-based p38 MAP kinase inhibitors with pyridine N-oxide group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kaieda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Takai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Goto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuri Hori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Unno
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itono
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Terufumi Takagi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Teruki Hamada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mikio Shirasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kengo Okada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ken Bragstad
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Bi-Ching Sang
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Osamu Uchikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Miwatashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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12
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Glunz PW. Recent encounters with atropisomerism in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Walter NM, Wentsch HK, Bührmann M, Bauer SM, Döring E, Mayer-Wrangowski S, Sievers-Engler A, Willemsen-Seegers N, Zaman G, Buijsman R, Lämmerhofer M, Rauh D, Laufer SA. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Type I 1/ 2 p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitors with Excellent Selectivity, High Potency, and Prolonged Target Residence Time by Interfering with the R-Spine. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8027-8054. [PMID: 28834431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported 1a (skepinone-L) as a type I p38α MAP kinase inhibitor with high potency and excellent selectivity in vitro and in vivo. However, as a type I inhibitor, it is entirely ATP-competitive and shows just a moderate residence time. Thus, the scope was to develop a new class of advanced compounds maintaining the structural binding features of skepinone-L scaffold like inducing a glycine flip at the hinge region and occupying both hydrophobic regions I and II. Extending this scaffold with suitable residues resulted in an interference with the kinase's R-Spine. By synthesizing 69 compounds, we could significantly prolong the target residence time with one example to 3663 s, along with an excellent selectivity score of 0.006 and an outstanding potency of 1.0 nM. This new binding mode was validated by cocrystallization, showing all binding interactions typifying type I1/2 binding. Moreover, microsomal studies showed convenient metabolic stability of the most potent, herein reported representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas M Walter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike K Wentsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mike Bührmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universitaet Dortmund , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silke M Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eva Döring
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Mayer-Wrangowski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universitaet Dortmund , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Willemsen-Seegers
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC) , Pivot Park, RE1210, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC) , Pivot Park, RE1210, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC) , Pivot Park, RE1210, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universitaet Dortmund , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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14
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Hasegawa F, Kawamura K, Tsuchikawa H, Murata M. Stable C-N axial chirality in 1-aryluracil scaffold and differences in in vitro metabolic clearance between atropisomers of PDE4 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4506-4511. [PMID: 28698053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the stable C-N axial chirality in a 1-phenyl-6-aminouracil scaffold owing to the presence of various functional groups at the ortho-position of the N(1)-phenyl group. Racemic 1-phenyl-6-aminouracils were first separated by chiral HPLC or converting them to the corresponding diastereomers using a chiral resolving agent. We then determined the rotational barrier of each atropisomer by a thermal racemization method and found that these compounds have rotational barriers similar to other C-N axially chiral biaryls. In addition, there was a good correlation between the rotational barriers and van der Waals radii of an ortho-substituent of the N(1)-phenyl group. To explore the possibility of the chiral 1-phenyl-6-aminouracil scaffold as a drug lead, we synthesized both atropisomers as phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors 10. The atropisomers showed significantly different metabolic stabilities while their PDE4 inhibitory activities were somewhat similar. This finding demonstrates the potential utility of stable C-N bond atropisomers in the development of chiral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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15
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Lodola A, Bertolini S, Biagetti M, Capacchi S, Facchinetti F, Gallo PM, Pappani A, Mor M, Pala D, Rivara S, Visentini F, Corsi M, Capelli AM. Atropisomerism and Conformational Equilibria: Impact on PI3Kδ Inhibition of 2-((6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-methyl-3-(o-tolyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (IC87114) and Its Conformationally Restricted Analogs. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4304-4315. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Bertolini
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Biagetti
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Capacchi
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Maria Gallo
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Pappani
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pala
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Corsi
- Aptuit s.r.l., Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Capelli
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
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16
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Dai J, Wang C, Traeger SC, Discenza L, Obermeier MT, Tymiak AA, Zhang Y. The role of chromatographic and chiroptical spectroscopic techniques and methodologies in support of drug discovery for atropisomeric drug inhibitors of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:116-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Smith DE, Marquez I, Lokensgard ME, Rheingold AL, Hecht DA, Gustafson JL. Exploiting Atropisomerism to Increase the Target Selectivity of Kinase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11754-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davis E. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182‐1030 (USA)
| | - Isaac Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182‐1030 (USA)
| | - Melissa E. Lokensgard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182‐1030 (USA)
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‐0385 (USA)
| | - David A. Hecht
- School of Mathematics, Science & Engineering, Southwestern College, 900 Otay Lakes Rd, Chula Vista, CA 91910 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182‐1030 (USA)
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18
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Smith DE, Marquez I, Lokensgard ME, Rheingold AL, Hecht DA, Gustafson JL. Exploiting Atropisomerism to Increase the Target Selectivity of Kinase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Norman P. Investigational p38 inhibitors for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:383-92. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1006358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Prabhala P, Ammit AJ. Tristetraprolin and its role in regulation of airway inflammation. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:629-38. [PMID: 25429052 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are clinically and socioeconomically important diseases globally. Currently the mainstay of anti-inflammatory therapy in respiratory diseases is corticosteroids. Although corticosteroids have proven clinical efficacy in asthma, many asthmatic inflammatory conditions (e.g., infection, exacerbation, and severe asthma) are not responsive to corticosteroids. Moreover, despite an understanding that COPD progression is driven by inflammation, we currently do not have effective anti-inflammatory strategies to combat this disease. Hence, alternative anti-inflammatory strategies are required. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has emerged as an important signaling molecule driving airway inflammation, and pharmacological inhibitors against p38 MAPK may provide potential therapies for chronic respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss some of the recent in vitro and in vivo studies targeting p38 MAPK, but suggest that p38 MAPK inhibitors may prove less effective than originally considered because they may block anti-inflammatory molecules along with proinflammatory responses. We propose that an alternative strategy may be to target an anti-inflammatory molecule farther downstream of p38 MAPK, i.e., tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP is an mRNA-destabilizing, RNA-binding protein that enhances the decay of mRNAs, including those encoding proteins implicated in chronic respiratory diseases. We suggest that understanding the molecular mechanism of TTP expression and its temporal regulation will guide future development of novel anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapeutic approaches to combat respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Prabhala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Hasumi K, Sato S, Saito T, Kato JY, Shirota K, Sato J, Suzuki H, Ohta S. Design and synthesis of 5-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetylamino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-pyrimidinyl)isoxazole (AKP-001), a novel inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase with reduced side effects based on the antedrug concept. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4162-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Al-Hussaini M, DiPersio JF. Small molecule inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: from the bench to the clinic. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:439-64. [PMID: 25025370 PMCID: PMC4283573 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.932687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with acute myeloid leukemia will eventually develop refractory or relapsed disease. In the absence of standard therapy for this population, there is currently an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic agents. Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors represents a new therapeutic intervention that has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumors, chronic myelogenous leukemia). Hence, there has been great interest in generating selective small molecule inhibitors targeting critical pathways of proliferation and survival in acute myeloid leukemia. This review highlights a selective group of intriguing therapeutic agents and their presumed targets in both preclinical models and in early human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Al-Hussaini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Missouri
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis Missouri
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23
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Urosevic J, Garcia-Albéniz X, Planet E, Real S, Céspedes MV, Guiu M, Fernandez E, Bellmunt A, Gawrzak S, Pavlovic M, Mangues R, Dolado I, Barriga FM, Nadal C, Kemeny N, Batlle E, Nebreda AR, Gomis RR. Colon cancer cells colonize the lung from established liver metastases through p38 MAPK signalling and PTHLH. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:685-94. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Jiang T, Qin A, Shao Z, Tian B, Zhai Z, Li H, Zhu Z, Dai K, Ming HZ, Yu Y, Jiang Q. OA10 Is a Novel p38alpha Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor That Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:959-66. [PMID: 24357524 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease; Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - A. Qin
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery; The University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Z.Y. Shao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - B. Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Z.J. Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - H.W. Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Z.A. Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - K.R. Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - H. Zheng Ming
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery; The University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
| | - Y.P. Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Q. Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease; Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu P.R. China
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25
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Zask A, Murphy J, Ellestad GA. Biological Stereoselectivity of Atropisomeric Natural Products and Drugs. Chirality 2013; 25:265-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Zask
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; New York New York 10027
| | - John Murphy
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; New York New York 10027
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26
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Clapham KM, Rennison T, Jones G, Craven F, Bardos J, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Haggerty K, Hardcastle IR, Thommes P, Ting A, Cano C. Potent enantioselective inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) by atropisomeric chromenone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6747-57. [PMID: 22814419 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substitution at the 7-position of the chromen-4-one pharmacophore of 8-(dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one NU7441, a potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, with allyl, n-propyl or methyl enabled the resolution by chiral HPLC of atropisomers. Biological evaluation against DNA-PK of each pair of atropisomers showed a marked difference in potency, with biological activity residing exclusively in the laevorotatory enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Clapham
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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