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Chalcones: Promising therapeutic agents targeting key players and signaling pathways regulating the hallmarks of cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110297. [PMID: 36496109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The need for innovative anticancer treatments with high effectiveness and low toxicity is urgent due to the development of malignancies that are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and the poor specificity of existing anticancer treatments. Chalcones are 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones, which are the precursors for flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Chalcones are readily available from a wide range of natural resources and consist of very basic chemical scaffolds. Because the ease with which the synthesis it allows for the production of several chalcone derivatives. Various in-vitro and in-vivo studies indicate that naturally occurring and synthetic chalcone derivatives exhibit promising biological activities against cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, inflammation, stemness, and regulation of cancer epigenetics. According to their structure and functional groups, chalcones derivatives and their hybrid compounds exert a broad range of biological activities through targeting key elements and signaling molecules relevant to cancer progression. This review will provide valuable insights into the latest updates of chalcone groups as anticancer agents and extensively discuss their underlying molecular mechanisms of action.
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2
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Kumar N, Goel N. Recent development of imidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer, one of the key health problems globally, is a group of related diseases that share a number of characteristics primarily the uncontrolled growth and invasive to surrounding tissues. Chemotherapy is one of the ways for the treatment of cancer which uses one or more anticancer agents as per chemotherapy regimen. Limitations of most anticancer drugs due to a variety of reasons such as serious side effects, drug resistance, lack of sensitivity and efficacy etc. generate the necessity towards the designing of novel anticancer lead molecules. In this regard, the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic molecules is an appealing research area. Among heterocyclic compounds, nitrogen containing heterocyclic molecules has fascinated tremendous consideration due to broad range of pharmaceutical activity. Imidazoles, extensively present in natural products as well as synthetic molecules, have two nitrogen atoms, and are five membered heterocyclic rings. Because of their countless physiological and pharmacological characteristics, medicinal chemists are enthused to design and synthesize new imidazole derivatives with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The aim of this present chapter is to discuss the synthesis, chemistry, pharmacological activity, and scope of imidazole-based molecules in anticancer drug development. Finally, we have discussed the current challenges and future perspectives of imidazole-based derivatives in anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Indore , Madhya Pradesh 453552 , India
| | - Nidhi Goel
- Department of Chemistry , Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh 221005 , India
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3
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Pawar S, Kumar K, Gupta MK, Rawal RK. Synthetic and Medicinal Perspective of Fused-Thiazoles as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1379-1402. [PMID: 32723259 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200728133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is second leading disease after cardiovascular disease. Presently, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and use of chemicals are some treatments available these days. Thiazole and its hybrid compounds extensively used scaffolds in drug designing and development of novel anticancer agents due to their wide pharmacological profiles. Fused thiazole scaffold containing drugs are available in market as a promising group of anticancer agents. METHODS The detailed study has been done using different database that focused on potent thiazole hybrid compounds with anticancer activity. The literature included in this review is focused on novel fused thiazole derivatives exhibiting anticancer potency in last decade. RESULTS Literature suggested that thiazoles and its fused and linked congener serve excellent pharmacological profile as an anticancer agent. Various synthetic strategies for fused thiazole are also summarized in this article. Novel thiazole and its fused congener showed anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines. INTERPRETATION Thiazole is a promising scaffold reported in literature with broad range of biological activities. This article covers the thiazole compounds fused with other carbocyclic/heterocycle including benzene, imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, phenothiazine, thiopyrano, steroids, pyrrole etc. with anticancer activity from last decades. Several inhibitors for breast cancer, colon cancer, melanoma cancer, ovarian cancer, tubulin cancer etc. were reported in this review. Thus, this review will definitely aid to develop a lead for the new selective anticancer agents in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-133207, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Kapil Kumar
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Hyderabad, Telangana-509301, India
| | - Manish K Gupta
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram-Badli Road, Gurugram-122505, Haryana, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-133207, Ambala, Haryana, India
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4
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Hassan AY, El-Sebaey SA, El Deeb MA, Elzoghbi MS. Potential antiviral and anticancer effect of imidazoles and bridgehead imidazoles generated by HPV-Induced cervical carcinomas via reactivating the P53/ pRb pathway and inhibition of CA IX. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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5
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Sbenati RM, Semreen MH, Semreen AM, Shehata MK, Alsaghir FM, El-Gamal MI. Evaluation of imidazo[2,1–b]thiazole-based anticancer agents in one decade (2011–2020): Current status and future prospects. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Rashdan HRM, Abdelmonsef AH, Shehadi IA, Gomha SM, Soliman AMM, Mahmoud HK. Synthesis, Molecular Docking Screening and Anti-Proliferative Potency Evaluation of Some New Imidazo[2,1- b]Thiazole Linked Thiadiazole Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214997. [PMID: 33126630 PMCID: PMC7663531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffolds were reported to possess various pharmaceutical activities. RESULTS The novel compound named methyl-2-(1-(3-methyl-6-(p-tolyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate 3 acted as a predecessor molecule for the synthesis of new thiadiazole derivatives incorporating imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole moiety. The reaction of 3 with the appropriate hydrazonoyl halide derivatives 4a-j and 7-9 had produced the respective 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 6a-j and 10-12. The chemical composition of all the newly synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their microanalytical and spectral data (FT-IR, mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). All the produced novel compounds were screened for their anti-proliferative efficacy on hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2). In addition, a computational molecular docking study was carried out to determine the ability of the synthesized thiadiazole molecules to interact with active site of the target Glypican-3 protein (GPC-3). Moreover, the physiochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were derived to determine the viability of the compounds as drug candidates for hepatic cancer. CONCLUSION All the tested compounds had exhibited good anti-proliferative efficacy against hepatic cancer cell lines. In addition, the molecular docking results showed strong binding interactions of the synthesized compounds with the target GPC-3 protein with lower energy scores. Thus, such novel compounds may act as promising candidates as drugs against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda R. M. Rashdan
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Ihsan A. Shehadi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Huda K. Mahmoud
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.)
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7
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Gao F, Huang G, Xiao J. Chalcone hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current development, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2049-2084. [PMID: 32525247 DOI: 10.1002/med.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancers and the low specificity of anticancer agents have been the major challenges in the control and treatment of cancer, making an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents with high efficacy. Chalcones, precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids, exhibit structural heterogeneity and can act on various drug targets. Chalcones which demonstrated potential in vitro and in vivo activity against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant cancers, are useful templates for the development of novel anticancer agents. Hybridization of chalcone moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores could provide the hybrids which have the potential to overcome drug resistance and improve the specificity, so it represents a promising strategy to develop novel anticancer agents. This review emphasizes the development, the mechanisms of action as well as structure-activity relationships of chalcone hybrids with potential therapeutic application for many cancers in recent 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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8
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Nagireddy PR, Kommalapati VK, Siva Krishna V, Sriram D, Tangutur AD, Kantevari S. Imidazo[2,1- b]thiazole-Coupled Natural Noscapine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19382-19398. [PMID: 31763563 PMCID: PMC6868913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Noscapine, a phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum, is traditionally being used as an anticough drug. With a safe in vitro toxicological profile, noscapine and its analogues have been explored to show microtubule-regulating properties and anticancer activity against various mammalian cancer cell lines. Since then, our group and other research groups worldwide are working on developing new noscapinoids to tap its potential as the leading drug molecule. With our continuing efforts, we herein present synthesis and anticancer evaluation of a series of imidazothiazole-coupled noscapinoids 7a-o and 11a-o. Natural α-noscapine was N-demethylated to nornoscapine 4 and then reacted with 4-(chloromethyl) thiazole-2-amine. The resultant noscapinoid 5 was coupled with various bromomethyl ketones 10a-o to give N-imidazothiazolyl noscapinoids 7a-o in very good yields. Similarly, natural α-noscapine 1 was O-demethylated using sodium azide/sodium iodide, reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)thiazole-2-amine, and coupled with bromomethyl ketones 10a-o to result in O-imidazothiazolyl noscapinoids 11a-o. All the new analogues 7a-o and 11a-o were fully characterized by their NMR and mass spectral analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed for compounds 5, 7a-o, 9, and 11a-o against four different cancer cell lines: HeLa (cervical), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreatic), SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma), and DU145 (prostate cancer). Among these conjugates, 5, 7a, 9, 11b, 11c, 11e, and 11o showed potent cytotoxicity with low IC50 values. Further, flow cytometry analysis revealed that MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with these compounds induced cell cycle G2/M-phase arrest. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that the cells treated with these conjugates accumulate tubulin in the soluble fraction and also elevate cyclin-B1 protein expression levels. Moreover, the conjugates also increased the expression of caspase-3 and PARP levels which is indicative of apoptotic cell death. In silico molecular docking studies showed several noncovalent interactions like van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding with tubulin protein and with good binding energy. The results indicated that these noscapine analogues may serve as novel compounds that can possibly inhibit tubulin protein and can be considered for further optimization as a clinical candidate for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen
Kumar Reddy Nagireddy
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Duan Y, Liu W, Tian L, Mao Y, Song C. Targeting Tubulin-colchicine Site for Cancer Therapy: Inhibitors, Antibody- Drug Conjugates and Degradation Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1289-1304. [PMID: 31210108 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190618130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential for the mitotic division of cells and have been an attractive target
for antitumour drugs due to the increased incidence of cancer and significant mitosis rate of tumour cells.
In the past few years, tubulin-colchicine binding site, as one of the three binding pockets including taxol-,
vinblastine- and colchicine-binding sites, has been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents including
inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and degradation agents. The present review is the first to
cover a systemic and recent synopsis of tubulin-colchicine binding site agents. We believe that it would
provide an increase in our understanding of receptor-ligand interaction pattern and consciousness of a
series of challenges about tubulin target druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yanna Mao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Chuanjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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10
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Shareef MA, Khan I, Babu BN, Kamal A. A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Versatility of Imidazo [2,1-b]thiazoles. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:6864-6887. [PMID: 31362648 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190729152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, a well-known fused five-membered hetrocycle is one of the most promising and versatile moieties in the area of medicinal chemistry. Derivatives of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole have been investigated for the development of new derivatives that exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. This fused heterocycle is also a part of a number of therapeutic agents. OBJECTIVE To review the extensive pharmacological activities of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives and the new molecules developed between 2000-2018 and their usefulness. METHOD Thorough literature review of all relevant papers and patents was conducted. CONCLUSION The present review, covering a number of aspects, is expected to provide useful insights in the design of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-based compounds and would inspire the medicinal chemists for a comprehensive and target-oriented information to achieve a major breakthrough in the development of clinically viable candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adil Shareef
- Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad,
500007 India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Irfan Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India,Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bathini Nagendra Babu
- Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad,
500007 India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India,Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
110062, India
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Roslan II, Ng KH, Gondal MA, Basheer C, Dastageer MA, Jaenicke S, Chuah GK. Visible Light-Mediated Coupling of Thioureas and 1,3-Dicarbonyls: Towards a Leaving Group-Free Synthesis of Aminothiazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irwan Iskandar Roslan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Kian-Hong Ng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Mohammed Ashraf Gondal
- Physics Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chanbasha Basheer
- Chemistry Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Dastageer
- Physics Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Gaik-Khuan Chuah
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
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12
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Baig MF, Nayak VL, Budaganaboyina P, Mullagiri K, Sunkari S, Gour J, Kamal A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-benzimidazole conjugates as microtubule-targeting agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:515-526. [PMID: 29459129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-benzimidazole conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines i.e.; HeLa (cervical), A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and DU-145 (prostate) along with normal HEK-293 cell line. Amongst them, conjugate 6d displayed significant cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cell line, A549 with IC50 value 1.08 µM. Further, cell cycle analysis revealed that this compound arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase in A549 cells. Furthermore, the tubulin polymerization assay results suggest that this conjugate (6d) exhibits significant inhibitory effect on the tubulin assembly with an IC50 value of 1.68 µM. Moreover, the apoptotic inducing properties of compound 6d was confirmed by Hoechst staining, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and annexin V-FITC assay. Further, molecular docking studies revealed that compound 6d occupied the colchicine binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Feroz Baig
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - V Lakshma Nayak
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Prasad Budaganaboyina
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kishore Mullagiri
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Satish Sunkari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Jitendra Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 025, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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13
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Synthesis of benzo[ d ]imidazo[2,1- b ]thiazole-chalcone conjugates as microtubule targeting and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Ali I, Lone MN, Aboul-Enein HY. Imidazoles as potential anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1742-1773. [PMID: 30108886 PMCID: PMC6084102 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a black spot on the face of humanity in this era of science and technology. Presently, several classes of anticancer drugs are available in the market, but issues such as toxicity, low efficacy and solubility have decreased the overall therapeutic indices. Thus, the search for new promising anticancer agents continues, and the battle against cancer is far from over. Imidazole is an aromatic diazole and alkaloid with anticancer properties. There is considerable interest among scientists in developing imidazoles as safe alternatives to anticancer chemotherapy. The present article describes the structural, chemical, and biological features of imidazoles. Several classes of imidazoles as anticancer agents based on their mode of action have been critically discussed. A careful observation has been made into pharmacologically active imidazoles with better or equal therapeutic effects compared to well-known imidazole-based anticancer drugs, which are available on the market. A brief discussion of the toxicities of imidazoles has been made. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of imidazole based anticancer drug development are conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ;
| | - Mohammad Nadeem Lone
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ;
| | - Haasan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Giza 12622 , Egypt
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15
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Bin Sayeed I, Garikapati KR, Makani VKK, Nagarajan A, Shareef MA, Alarifi A, Pal-Bhadra M, Kamal A. Development and Biological Evaluation of Imidazothiazole propenones as Tubulin Inhibitors that Effectively Triggered Apoptotic Cell Death in Alveolar Lung Cancer Cell Line. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bin Sayeed
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | - Koteswara Rao Garikapati
- Chemical Biology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | | | - Apoorva Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | - Mohd Adil Shareef
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair; Chemistry Department; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manika Pal-Bhadra
- Chemical Biology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad- 500007 India
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair; Chemistry Department; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zhuang C, Zhang W, Sheng C, Zhang W, Xing C, Miao Z. Chalcone: A Privileged Structure in Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7762-7810. [PMID: 28488435 PMCID: PMC6131713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as an effective template in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. Chalcone is a common simple scaffold found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many chalcone derivatives have also been prepared due to their convenient synthesis. These natural products and synthetic compounds have shown numerous interesting biological activities with clinical potentials against various diseases. This review aims to highlight the recent evidence of chalcone as a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Multiple aspects of chalcone will be summarized herein, including the isolation of novel chalcone derivatives, the development of new synthetic methodologies, the evaluation of their biological properties, and the exploration of the mechanisms of action as well as target identification. This review is expected to be a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical review of the chalcone template to the chemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive,
Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Microwave-assisted green synthesis of new imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives and their antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitubercular activities. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Discovery and Optimization of Novel 5-Indolyl-7-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile Derivatives as Potent Antitubulin Agents Targeting Colchicine-binding Site. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43398. [PMID: 28240326 PMCID: PMC5327470 DOI: 10.1038/srep43398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at development of potent antitubulin agents targeting colchicine-binding site, a series of novel 5-indolyl-7-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrilederivatives (5a–5v and 7a–7h) were designed based on bioisosterism and hybridization strategies. All these compounds were concisely synthesized via a three-step process and examined against five human cancer cell lines (HT-29, A549, MKN-45, MDA-MB-231 and SMMC-7721) along with a normal human cell (L02) in vitro. A structure-activity relationships (SARs) study was carried out and optimization towards this series of compounds in cellular assay resulted in the discovery of 5k, which displayed similar or better antitumor potency against the tested cancer cells with IC50 value ranging from 0.02 to 1.22 μM superior to CA-4 and Crolibulin. Significantly, a cell cycle study disclosed the ability of 5k to arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and immunofluorescence assay as well as a colchicine competition assay revealed that tubulin polymerization was disturbed by 5k by binding to the colchicine site. Moreover, the molecular modeling mode showed the posture of 5k and Crolibulin was similar in the colchcine-binding pocket of tubulin as identified with the SARs and pharmacological results. Together, all these results rationalized 5k might serve as a promising lead for a novel class of antitubulin agents for cancer treatments.
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19
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Design and synthesis of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole linked triazole conjugates: Microtubule-destabilizing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:36-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Di Carmine G, Ragno D, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Massi A. Synthesis of functionalized imidazolidine-2-thiones via NHC/base-promoted aza-benzoin/aza-acetalization domino reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8788-8801. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzylidene thioureas were generated in situ from α-sulfonylamines and used as novel umpolung acceptors in aza-benzoin/aza-acetalization domino reactions giving 5-hydroxy-imidazolidine-2-thiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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21
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Novel Natural Product- and Privileged Scaffold-Based Tubulin Inhibitors Targeting the Colchicine Binding Site. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101375. [PMID: 27754459 PMCID: PMC6273505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin inhibitors are effective anticancer agents, however, there are many limitations to the use of available tubulin inhibitors in the clinic, such as multidrug resistance, severe side-effects, and generally poor bioavailability. Thus, there is a constant need to search for novel tubulin inhibitors that can overcome these limitations. Natural product and privileged structures targeting tubulin have promoted the discovery and optimization of tubulin inhibitors. This review will focus on novel tubulin inhibitors derived from natural products and privileged structures targeting the colchicine binding site on tubulin.
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22
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Ghabbour HA, Abdel-Aziz HA, AlRabiah H, Alruqi OS. Crystal structure of 4,5-diphenylthiazol-2-amine, C 15H 12N 2S. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C15H12N2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.8853(3) Å, b = 23.8495(10) Å, c = 7.5689(3) Å, β = 96.585(2)°, V = 1234.70(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0506, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1243, T = 100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P. O. Box 2457, Riaydh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P. O. Box 2457, Riaydh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid S. Alruqi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P. O. Box 2457, Riaydh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Shidore M, Machhi J, Shingala K, Murumkar P, Sharma MK, Agrawal N, Tripathi A, Parikh Z, Pillai P, Yadav MR. Benzylpiperidine-Linked Diarylthiazoles as Potential Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5823-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Shidore
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Kaushik Shingala
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Prashant Murumkar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Mayank Kumar Sharma
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Neetesh Agrawal
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Zoology
Department, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Zalak Parikh
- Zoology
Department, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Prakash Pillai
- Zoology
Department, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
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24
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Dar AM, Gatoo MA. Synthesis of new steroidal imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines: DNA binding studies, cleavage activity and in vitro cytotoxicity. Steroids 2015; 104:163-75. [PMID: 26433147 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot strategy for the catalytic synthesis of series of new 5α-cholestan-6-spiro-5'-phenylamino-2H-imidazo [1',2'-a] pyridines (4-14) has been investigated. The synthesized products were obtained in good yields (85-90%) and the protocol uses Multi-component Reaction (MCR) involving steroidal ketones, 2-aminopyridines, isocyanides and propylphosphonic anhydride (®T3P) as a catalyst. After characterization by spectral and analytical data, the interaction studies of compounds (4-6) with DNA were studied by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis and molecular docking. The compounds bind to DNA preferentially through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with Kb; 2.35×10(4), 3.71×10(4) and 3.24×10(4) M(-1), respectively, indicating the higher binding affinity of compound 5 towards DNA. Gel electrophoresis showed the concentration dependent cleavage activity of compounds 4-6 with DNA. Molecular docking studies suggested that compounds bind through minor groove to DNA. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay depicted promising anti-proliferative activity of compound 4-9 against different given cancer cells. In Western blotting, the expressions of relevant apoptotic markers depicted an apoptosis by steroidal imidazopyridines in A549 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining data indicated that compounds could effectively induce apoptosis in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. FACS analysis shows that the compound 6 bring about cell cycle arrest at 2.62 μM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Mahmood Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Gatoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India
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25
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Briceño A, Muñoz P, Brito P, Huenchuguala S, Segura-Aguilar J, Paris IB. Aminochrome Toxicity is Mediated by Inhibition of Microtubules Polymerization Through the Formation of Adducts with Tubulin. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:381-93. [PMID: 26345577 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of adducts formation between aminochrome and tubulin and its interference in microtubules assembly and stability in aminochrome-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. We also investigated whether changes in the microtubules structures are an early event that could affect tubulin expression. We demonstrated in vitro that aminochrome tubulin adducts inhibit tubulin polymerization and that aminochrome induces microtubules disassembly. Moreover, when the SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with aminochrome, we observed an increase in soluble tubulin, indicating depolymerization of microtubules. Aminochrome generates disruption of the microtubules network, leading to changes in the morphology of the cells inducing cell death, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, these changes preceded cell death and were partly inhibited by paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing agent. Furthermore, we observed that aminochrome increased early tubulin expression before significant cell death occurred. Consequently, all these antecedents suggest that aminochrome toxicity is mediated by early disruption of microtubules network, where the adduct formation between aminochrome and tubulin could be responsible for the inhibition in the assembly microtubules and the loss of microtubules stability. Possibly, the early changes in tubulin expression could correspond to compensatory mechanisms against the toxic effects of aminochrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Briceño
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Brito
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Limonares 190, 2561780, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sandro Huenchuguala
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irmgard B Paris
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Limonares 190, 2561780, Viña del Mar, Chile.
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26
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Tantak MP, Wang J, Singh RP, Kumar A, Shah K, Kumar D. 2-(3'-Indolyl)-N-arylthiazole-4-carboxamides: Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4225-31. [PMID: 26298501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 2-(3'-indolyl)-N-arylthiazole-4-carboxamides 17a-p has been designed and synthesized. Initial reaction of readily available thioamides 15 with bromopyruvic acid under refluxing conditions produced different thiazole carboxylic acids 16 which upon coupling with arylamines by using EDCI·HCl and HOBt afforded diverse arylthiazole-4-carboxamides 17a-p in 78-87% yields. Antibacterial activity evaluation against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains led to compounds 17i-k and 17o as potent and selectively (Gram-negative) antibacterial agents. The cytotoxicity of thiazole carboxamides 17a-p was also evaluated on a panel of human cancer cell lines. Among the tested derivatives, compounds 17i (IC50=8.64μM; HEK293T) and 17l (IC50=3.41μM; HeLa) were identified as the most potent analogues of the series. Preliminary mechanism of action studies of thiazole carboxamide 17i suggested that its cytotoxicity against HeLa cells involves the induction of cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund P Tantak
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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