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Scheeff S, Rivière S, Ruiz J, Dedenbach S, Menche D. Modular Total Synthesis of iso-Archazolids and Archazologs. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10190-10223. [PMID: 34293866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full details on the design, development, and successful implementation of suitable synthetic strategies directed toward the total synthesis of iso-archazolids and archazologs are reported. Both a biomimetic and a multistep total synthesis of iso-archazolid B, the most potent and least abundant archazolid, are described. The bioinspired conversion from archazolid B was realized by a high-yielding 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene catalyzed one-step double-bond shift. A highly stereoselective total synthesis was accomplished in 25 steps, involving a sequence of highly stereoselective aldol reactions, an efficient aldol condensation to forge two elaborate fragments, and a challenging ring-closing metathesis macrocyclization with an unusual Stewart-Grubbs catalyst. These strategies proved to be generally useful and could be successfully implemented for the preparation of three novel iso-archazolids as well as five novel archazologs, lacking the thiazole side chain. A wide variety of further archazolids and archazologs may now be targeted for exploration of the promising anticancer potential of these polyketide macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Scheeff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Solenne Rivière
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johal Ruiz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Dedenbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Menche D. Design and Synthesis of Simplified Polyketide Analogs: New Modalities beyond the Rule of 5. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2068-2074. [PMID: 33755304 PMCID: PMC8360190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products provide important lead structures for development of pharmaceutical agents or present attractive tools for medicinal chemistry. However, structurally complex and thus less accessible metabolites defying conventional drug-like properties, as expressed by Pfizer's rule of five, have received less attention as medicinal leads. Traditionally, research focus has been on realizing total syntheses rather than developing more readily available analogs to resolve the critical supply issue. However, very recent studies with complex myxobacterial polyketides have demonstrated that considerable structural simplification may be realized with retention of biological potencies. The context, underlying rationale and importance of tailored synthetic strategies of three such case studies are presented, which may inspire further related activities and may eventually help exploiting the largely untapped biological potential of complex metabolites in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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Zhang W. Heck macrocyclization in natural product total synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1109-1135. [PMID: 33662070 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1981-2020 Heck macrocyclization is a logical extension of the award-winning Mizoroki-Heck reaction. Through covalent linking of two otherwise discrete coupling partners, the resultant chimeric substrate is transformed into a large ring with enhanced rigidity and unique functional group disposition. Pioneered in the early 1980s, this methodology has evolved into a competent option for creating diverse macrocycles. Despite its growing influence, hitherto no systematic survey has ever appeared in the literature. The present review delineates the state-of-the-art of Heck macrocyclization in the context of natural product synthesis. Sixteen selected cases, each examined from a different perspective, coalesce into the view that the title reaction is a viable tool for synthesis-enabled macrocycle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Rivière S, Vielmuth C, Ennenbach C, Abdelrahman A, Lemke C, Gütschow M, Müller CE, Menche D. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Highly Potent Simplified Archazolids. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1348-1363. [PMID: 32363789 PMCID: PMC7496434 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The archazolids are potent antiproliferative compounds that have recently emerged as a novel class of promising anticancer agents. Their complex macrolide structures and scarce natural supply make the development of more readily available analogues highly important. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of four simplified and partially saturated archazolid derivatives. We also reveal important structure‐activity relationship data as well as insights into the pharmacophore of these complex polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Rivière
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Ennenbach
- Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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