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Vanga MK, Bhukya R, Thumma V, Ambadipudi SSSSS, Nayak VL, Andugulapati SB, Manga V. Design and synthesis of Meldrum's acid based 7-azaindole anchored 1,2,3-triazole hybrids as anticancer agents. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1709-1721. [PMID: 38784465 PMCID: PMC11110793 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of Meldrum's acid, 7-azaindole and 1,2,3-triazole hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against five different cancer cell lines viz. MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), DU-145 (prostate cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer) and K562 (myelogenous leukemia cell). Among the series, compound 6b containing a 4-methyl substitution showed potent activity against HeLa cell line. Cell cycle analysis revealed that compound 6b induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Apoptotic activity was further confirmed by Hoechst staining and Annexin V-FITC assay. Compound 6b has been found to exhibit higher activity in all four cell lines, with IC50 values of 6.67 ± 0.39 μM, 4.44 ± 0.32 μM, 12.38 ± 0.51 μM and 9.97 ± 0.25 μM against MCF-7, HeLa, DU-145 and HepG2 cell lines respectively. Compounds 6m (9.68 ± 0.10 μM) and 6n (9.52 ± 0.38 μM), which have dimethoxy and trimethoxy substitutions, respectively, have demonstrated significant anticancer activity against HeLa cells compared to the other cells. The molecular docking study of ligand 6b against the crystal structure of EGFR and Mcl-1 scored notable binding energy values and displayed important interactions like H-bond, π-cation and other hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rambabu Bhukya
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University Hyderabad-500007 Telangana India
| | - Vishnu Thumma
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering College Hyderabad-500059 Telangana India
| | - S S S S Sudha Ambadipudi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - V Lakshma Nayak
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University Hyderabad-500007 Telangana India
- Telangana Mahila Viswavidyalayam Hyderabad - 500095 Telangana India
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Kalar PL, Jain K, Agrawal S, Khan S, Vishwakarma R, Shivhare A, Deshmukh MM, Das K. Green Synthesis of Electrophilic Alkenes Using a Magnesium Catalyst under Aqueous Conditions and Mechanistic Insights by Density Functional Theory. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38038383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A green approach for the synthesis of electrophilic alkenes has been developed via Knoevenagel condensation between active methylene compounds and carbonyl compounds using Mg powder under aqueous conditions. In this strategy, Mg(OH)2 acts as a catalyst, which was generated in situ by the reaction between metallic Mg (20 mol %) and water. Mg was found to be an efficient, nontoxic, and inexpensive metal catalyst system for producing a range of electrophilic alkenes in excellent yields (≤98%). A gram-scale synthesis of electrophilic alkenes has been developed, and Mg metal was recovered and recycled up to three times without an appreciable loss of catalytic activity. A catalytic cycle was proposed, and the reaction mechanism was investigated using density functional theory. The key steps are enolization of ethyl cyanoacetate, C-C bond formation, and then regeneration of the catalyst via metathesis with H2O. The overall reaction occurs easily with a maximum ΔG°⧧ value of 7.9 kcal/mol for the rate-determining C-C bond formation step. Our protocol has several advantages and can be further extended to one-pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition, and one-pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation and chemoselective reduction can be used for the synthesis of valuable precursors of pharmaceutical products under green and aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Lal Kalar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Jain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swatantra Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Siddique Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rampal Vishwakarma
- School of Chemical Science, National Institute of Science Education and Research, OCC of HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Ayush Shivhare
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Milind M Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpataru Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Bora D, Samir KM, Sharma A, Chilvery S, Bansod S, John SE, Ali Khan M, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N. Exploration of cytotoxic potential and tubulin polymerization inhibition activity of cis-stilbene-1,2,3-triazole congeners. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:482-490. [PMID: 36970147 PMCID: PMC10034215 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To scrutinize cis-stilbene based molecules with potential anticancer and tubulin polymerization inhibition activity, a new series of cis-stilbene-1,2,3-triazole congeners was designed and synthesized via a click chemistry protocol. The cytotoxicity of these compounds 9a-j and 10a-j was screened against lung, breast, skin and colorectal cancer cell lines. Based on the results of MTT assay, we further evaluated the selectivity index of the most active compound 9j (IC50 3.25 ± 1.04 μM on HCT-116) by comparing its IC50 value (72.24 ± 1.20 μM) to that of the normal human cell line. Further, to confirm apoptotic cell death, cell morphology and staining studies (AO/EB, DAPI and Annexin V/PI) were carried out. The outcomes of studies showed apoptotic features like change in cell shape, cornering of nuclei, micronuclei formation, fragmented, bright, horseshoe-shaped nuclei, etc. Moreover, active compound 9j displayed G2/M phase cell cycle arrest with significant tubulin polymerization inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 4.51 μM. Additionally, in silico ADMET, molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies of 9j with 3E22 protein proved the binding of the compound at the colchicine binding site of tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Bora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Khan Mehtab Samir
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Sapana Bansod
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Mursalim Ali Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad - 500 037 India
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Chang MY, Guo CR, Ho CH. Knoevenagel Condensation of Acetonedicarboxylates with Aldehydes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Bukhari SNA, Abdelgawad MA, Ahmed N, Amjad MW, Hussain MA, Elsherif MA, Ejaz H, Alotaibi NH, Filipović I, Janković N. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Meldrum's Acid Derivatives: Dual Activity and Molecular Docking Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:281. [PMID: 37259425 PMCID: PMC9968196 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presented study, eight novel Meldrum's acid derivatives containing various vanillic groups were synthesized. Vanillidene Meldrum's acid compounds were tested against different cancer cell lines and microbes. Out of nine, three showed very good biological activity against E. coli, and HeLa and A549 cell lines. It is shown that the O-alkyl substituted derivatives possessed better antimicrobial and anticancer activities in comparison with the O-acyl ones. The decyl substituted molecule (3i) has the highest activity against E. coli (MIC = 12.4 μM) and cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, and LS174 = 15.7, 21.8, and 30.5 μM, respectively). The selectivity index of 3i is 4.8 (HeLa). The molecular docking study indicates that compound 3i showed good binding affinity to DNA, E. coli Gyrase B, and topoisomerase II beta. The covalent docking showed that 3i was a Michael acceptor for the nucleophiles Lys and Ser. The best Eb was noted for the topoisomerase II beta-LYS482-3i cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Muhammad Ajaz Hussain
- Centre for Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mervat A. Elsherif
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser H. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ignjat Filipović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Hammouda MM, Elmaaty AA, Nafie MS, Abdel-Motaal M, Mohamed NS, Tantawy MA, Belal A, Alnajjar R, Eldehna WM, Al‐Karmalawy AA. Design and synthesis of novel benzoazoninone derivatives as potential CBSIs and apoptotic inducers: In Vitro, in Vivo, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sayed M, Shi Z, Gholami F, Fatehi P, Soliman AIA. Ag@TiO 2 Nanocomposite as an Efficient Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32393-32400. [PMID: 36120061 PMCID: PMC9476541 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new series of different heterocycles was synthesized through base-free Knoevenagel condensation of various aldehydes and active methylene-containing compounds using the hydrothermal developed Ag@TiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized by mixing TiO2 (P25) with AgNO3 and hydrothermally treated in ethanol at 180 °C for 12 h. The developed Ag@TiO2 catalyst was directly applied for Knoevenagel condensation, and the optimized procedure involved stirring the aldehydes and active methylene-containing compounds with Ag@TiO2 in ethanol at 65 °C. The reaction scope was investigated for various aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes with active methylene-containing compounds, and the isolated yields were significantly high. The reusability of the catalyst was investigated for up to five cycles, where an insignificant decrease in the catalyst's reactivity was observed. Also, the reaction could proceed in water as a solvent, and the isolated yield was 40%. Hence, this protocol features mild reaction conditions, a facile procedure, and clean reaction profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sayed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley
University, El-Kharja 72511, Egypt
| | - Zhipeng Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Farzad Gholami
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Ahmed I. A. Soliman
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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Campisciano V, Giacalone F, Gruttadauria M. Is a Catalyst Always Needed? The Case of the Knoevenagel Reaction with Malononitrile. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Campisciano
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) INSTM UdR – Palermo University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Building 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Giacalone
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) INSTM UdR – Palermo University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Building 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Michelangelo Gruttadauria
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) INSTM UdR – Palermo University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Building 17 90128 Palermo Italy
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