1
|
Li W, Huang L, Qi N, Zhang Q, Qin Z. Upregulation of CALD1 predicted a poor prognosis for platinum-treated ovarian cancer and revealed it as a potential therapeutic resistance target. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:183. [PMID: 38365611 PMCID: PMC10870461 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) has the worst prognosis among gynecological malignancies, most of which are found to be in advanced stage. Cell reduction surgery based on platinum-based chemotherapy is the current standard of treatment for OC, but patients are prone to relapse and develop drug resistance. The objective of this study was to identify a specific molecular target responsible for platinum chemotherapy resistance in OC. RESULTS We screened the protein-coding gene Caldesmon (CALD1), expressed in cisplatin-resistant OC cells in vitro. The prognostic value of CALD1 was evaluated using survival curve analysis in OC patients treated with platinum therapy. The diagnostic value of CALD1 was verified by drawing a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve using clinical samples from OC patients. This study analyzed data from various databases including Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GEPIA 2, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, LinkedOmics database, and String. Different expression genes (DEGs) between cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cells were acquired respectively from 5 different datasets of GEO. CALD1 was selected as a common gene from 5 groups DEGs. Online data analysis of HPA and CCLE showed that CALD1 was highly expressed in both normal ovarian tissue and OC. In TCGA database, high expression of CALD1 was associated with disease stage and venous invasion in OC. Patients with high CALD1 expression levels had a worse prognosis under platinum drug intervention, according to Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter analysis. Analysis of clinical sample data from GEO showed that CALD1 had superior diagnostic value in distinguishing patients with platinum "resistant" and platinum "sensitive" (AUC = 0.816), as well as patients with worse progression-free survival (AUC = 0.741), and those with primary and omental metastases (AUC = 0.811) in ovarian tumor. At last, CYR61 was identified as a potential predictive molecule that may play an important role alongside CALD1 in the development of platinum resistance in OC. CONCLUSIONS CALD1, as a member of cytoskeletal protein, was associated with poor prognosis of platinum resistance in OC, and could be used as a target protein for mechanism study of platinum resistance in OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Nana Qi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Qinle Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China.
| | - Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie JB, Zhang H, Li XF, Han SY, Li XL. MiR-1278 targets CALD1 and suppresses the progression of gastric cancer via the MAPK pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230776. [PMID: 38025524 PMCID: PMC10656762 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interaction between miR-1278 and Caldesmon (CALD1) in gastric cancer (GC) and the regulatory mechanism. In both GC cells and tissues, the levels of CALD1, miR-1278, migration-related markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail), and MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were clarified using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analyses. The effects of miR-1278 and CALD1 on GC cell viability and migration were analyzed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. The targeting effect of miR-1278 on CALD1 was investigated using bioinformatics prediction and a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effect of miR-1278 on tumor growth was estimated in vivo using a tumor xenograft assay. In GC, miR-1278 expression decreased, whereas CALD1 was highly expressed. Transfecting an miR-1278 mimic into cells inhibited the viability as well as migration of GC cells, and suppressed Ras, phosphorylated (p)-P38, and p-ERK1/2 protein levels. Moreover, miR-1278 targeted and negatively regulated CALD1 expression. CALD1 overexpression promoted GC cell survival and migration and activated the MAPK pathway. Treatment with an miR-1278 mimic partially rescued the changes caused by CALD1 overexpression. Overall, our study revealed that miR-1278 suppresses the malignant behavior of GC cells by targeting CALD1 and regulating the MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Shuang-Yin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Virtanen V, Paunu K, Niva S, Sundvall M, Paatero I. Effect of caldesmon mutations in the development of zebrafish embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 669:10-18. [PMID: 37262948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a profound medical concern and better treatments are needed for cancer patients. Therefore, new cancer targets are constantly being studied. These targets need not only be relevant for cancer progression, but their modulation needs to be tolerated reasonably well by the host. Caldesmon is one of these proposed novel targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, we analyzed effects of caldesmon mutations in normal development using genetically modified zebrafish embryos. We analyzed mutations in both zebrafish caldesmon genes, cald1a and cald1b and analyzed effects of either mutation alone or as in combination in double homozygous embryos using molecular, morphological and functional analyses. The effects of caldesmon mutations were mild and the gross development of zebrafish embryos was normal. The caldesmon mutant embryos had, however, alterations in response to light-stimulus in behavioural assays. Taken together, the effects of caldesmon mutations in the development of zebrafish embryos were reasonably well tolerated and did not indicate significant concerns for caldesmon being a potential target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Virtanen V, Paunu K, Kukkula A, Niva S, Junila Y, Toriseva M, Jokilehto T, Mäkelä S, Huhtaniemi R, Poutanen M, Paatero I, Sundvall M. Glucocorticoid receptor-induced non-muscle caldesmon regulates metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:42. [PMID: 37573448 PMCID: PMC10423232 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethal prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by the presence of metastases and development of resistance to therapies. Metastases form in a multi-step process enabled by dynamic cytoskeleton remodeling. An actin cytoskeleton regulating gene, CALD1, encodes a protein caldesmon (CaD). Its isoform, low-molecular-weight CaD (l-CaD), operates in non-muscle cells, supporting the function of filaments involved in force production and mechanosensing. Several factors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been identified as regulators of l-CaD in different cell types, but the regulation of l-CaD in PCa has not been defined. PCa develops resistance in response to therapeutic inhibition of androgen signaling by multiple strategies. Known strategies include androgen receptor (AR) alterations, modified steroid synthesis, and bypassing AR signaling, for example, by GR upregulation. Here, we report that in vitro downregulation of l-CaD promotes epithelial phenotype and reduces spheroid growth in 3D, which is reflected in vivo in reduced formation of metastases in zebrafish PCa xenografts. In accordance, CALD1 mRNA expression correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcripts in PCa patients. We also show that CALD1 is highly co-expressed with GR in multiple PCa data sets, and GR activation upregulates l-CaD in vitro. Moreover, GR upregulation associates with increased l-CaD expression after the development of resistance to antiandrogen therapy in PCa xenograft mouse models. In summary, GR-regulated l-CaD plays a role in forming PCa metastases, being clinically relevant when antiandrogen resistance is attained by the means of bypassing AR signaling by GR upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ylva Junila
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Toriseva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Jokilehto
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marla S, Mortlock S, Yoon S, Crawford J, Andersen S, Mueller MD, McKinnon B, Nguyen Q, Montgomery GW. Global Analysis of Transcription Start Sites and Enhancers in Endometrial Stromal Cells and Differences Associated with Endometriosis. Cells 2023; 12:1736. [PMID: 37443771 PMCID: PMC10340717 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying tissue-specific molecular signatures of active regulatory elements is critical to understanding gene regulatory mechanisms. In this study, transcription start sites (TSS) and enhancers were identified using Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) across endometrial stromal cell (ESC) samples obtained from women with (n = 4) and without endometriosis (n = 4). ESC TSSs and enhancers were compared to those reported in other tissue and cell types in FANTOM5 and were integrated with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data from the same samples for regulatory activity and network analyses. CAGE tag count differences between women with and without endometriosis were statistically tested and tags within close proximity to genetic variants associated with endometriosis risk were identified. Over 90% of tag clusters mapping to promoters were observed in cells and tissues in FANTOM5. However, some potential cell-type-specific promoters and enhancers were also observed. Regions of open chromatin identified using ATAC-seq provided further evidence of the active transcriptional regions identified by CAGE. Despite the small sample number, there was evidence of differences associated with endometriosis at 210 consensus clusters, including IGFBP5, CALD1 and OXTR. ESC TSSs were also located within loci associated with endometriosis risk from genome-wide association studies. This study provides novel evidence of transcriptional differences in endometrial stromal cells associated with endometriosis and provides a valuable cell-type specific resource of active TSSs and enhancers in endometrial stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Marla
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Sally Mortlock
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Sohye Yoon
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Joanna Crawford
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey Andersen
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Michael D. Mueller
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Brett McKinnon
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Quan Nguyen
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yada RC, Desa DE, Gillette AA, Bartels E, Harari PM, Skala MC, Beebe DJ, Kerr SC. Microphysiological head and neck cancer model identifies novel role of lymphatically secreted monocyte migration inhibitory factor in cancer cell migration and metabolism. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122136. [PMID: 37178589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Regional metastasis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is prevalent (approximately 50% of patients at diagnosis), yet the underlying drivers and mechanisms of lymphatic spread remain unclear. The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of HNC plays a crucial role in disease maintenance and progression; however, the contribution of the lymphatics remains underexplored. We created a primary patient cell derived microphysiological system that incorporates cancer-associated-fibroblasts from patients with HNC alongside a HNC tumor spheroid and a lymphatic microvessel to create an in vitro TME platform to investigate metastasis. Screening of soluble factor signaling identified novel secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by lymphatic endothelial cells conditioned in the TME. Importantly, we also observed patient-to-patient heterogeneity in cancer cell migration similar to the heterogeneity observed in clinical disease. Optical metabolic imaging at the single cell level identified a distinct metabolic profile of migratory versus non-migratory HNC cells in a microenvironment dependent manner. Additionally, we report a unique role of MIF in increasing HNC reliance on glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation. This multicellular, microfluidic platform expands the tools available to explore HNC biology in vitro through multiple orthogonal outputs and establishes a system with enough resolution to visualize and quantify patient-to-patient heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chandra Yada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Danielle E Desa
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amani A Gillette
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emmett Bartels
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Sheena C Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alnuaimi AR, Nair VA, Malhab LJB, Abu-Gharbieh E, Ranade AV, Pintus G, Hamad M, Busch H, Kirfel J, Hamoudi R, Abdel-Rahman WM. Emerging role of caldesmon in cancer: A potential biomarker for colorectal cancer and other cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1637-1653. [PMID: 36187394 PMCID: PMC9516648 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon (CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD (l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alya R Alnuaimi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein and Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee YC, Hsin LJ, Yang SW, Tsai MS, Tsai YT, Ho CF. Endoscope-assisted versus conventional neck dissection in patients with oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 51:20. [PMID: 35546415 PMCID: PMC9097363 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-022-00567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neck dissection is an integral component of the treatment of head and neck cancers. The present meta-analysis aimed to compare the use of endoscope-assisted neck dissection (END) with conventional neck dissection (CND) in the existing English literature. Methods A search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles reporting the results of the two techniques of neck dissection was completed independently by two individuals. The authors analyzed the data from each study using a random-effects model. Results The pooled analysis demonstrated comparable lymph node yield, intraoperative blood loss, incidence of locoregional recurrence, and incidence of complications between the two groups. A significantly longer operative time but a shorter length of hospital stay was observed in the END group compared with the other group. Conclusions Compared with conventional techniques, END offers similar oncologic outcomes and complication rates; however, it requires a longer operative time. Future studies with long-term follow-up and assessment of patient satisfaction are needed to confirm the clinical use of END. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40463-022-00567-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Rd., Anle Dist., Keelung City, 204, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Hsin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Rd., Anle Dist., Keelung City, 204, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Te Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Fang Ho
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Rd., Anle Dist., Keelung City, 204, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li C, Yang F, Wang R, Li W, Maskey N, Zhang W, Guo Y, Liu S, Wang H, Yao X. CALD1 promotes the expression of PD-L1 in bladder cancer via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1441. [PMID: 34733993 PMCID: PMC8506703 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignant neoplasm with a high rate of recurrence and progression, despite optimal treatment. There is a pressing need to identify new effective biomarkers for the targeted treatment of BC. Methods The key gene CALD1 was screened via weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) from encoding protein genes of BC. Clinical and prognostic significance was explored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, transwell chamber experiment and nude mouse xenograft assay were performed to test cell growth, apoptosis, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis capacities. Immune correlation was analyzed in The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. Relevant signaling pathways were explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results Increased expression of CALD1 was significantly correlated with histological grade, clinical stage, T stage, and lymphatic metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high CALD1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in TCGA database, and with poor OS in the four GEO databases. CALD1 promotes growth, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of tumor cell, and inhibits tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. CADL1 expression was positively correlated with increased CD274 levels (r=0.357, P=9.71e−14). JAK/STAT signaling pathway was significantly enriched in the high CALD1 expression group. CALD1-mediated PD-L1 overexpression (OE) was via the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway; this effect was blocked by the specific JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Conclusions CALD1 is a potential molecular marker associated with prognosis. It promotes the malignant progression of BC and upregulates the PD-L1 expression via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niraj Maskey
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng Q, Tang A, Wang Z, Fang N, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li C, Zeng Y. CALD1 Modulates Gliomas Progression via Facilitating Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112705. [PMID: 34070840 PMCID: PMC8199308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Caldesmon has recently attracted attention in cancer due to its roles in cell migration, invasion and proliferation. l-CALD1 was also considered a potential serum marker for glioma. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying the effect of CALD1 on the microvascular facilitation and architecture in glioma. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of CALD1 for prediction glioma patient prognosis and in glioma angiogenesis. The findings of this study suggested that l-CALD1 could imply abnormal microvessels in anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM. In addition, high CI (calmodulin index) predicted worse prognosis in glioma, and furthermore, CALD1 may serve as a key marker for monitoring the progress of glioma and a novel target for therapy. Abstract Angiogenesis is more prominent in anaplastic gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM) than that in pilocytic and diffuse gliomas. Caldesmon (CALD1) plays roles in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and vascularization. However, limited information is available on mechanisms underlying the effect of CALD1 on the microvascular facilitation and architecture in glioma. In this study, we explored the role of CALD1 in gliomas by integrating bulk RNA-seq analysis and single cell RNA-seq analysis. A positive correlation between CALD1 expression and the gliomas’ pathological grade was noticed, according to the samples from the TCGA and CGGA database. Moreover, higher CALD1 expression samples showed worse clinical outcomes than lower CALD1 expression samples. Biofunction prediction suggested that CALD1 may affect glioma progression through modulating tumor angiogenesis. The map of the tumor microenvironment also depicted that more stromal cells, such as endothelial cells and pericytes, infiltrated in high CALD1 expression samples. CALD1 was found to be remarkably upregulated in neoplastic cells and was involved in tumorigenic processes of gliomas in single cell sequencing analysis. Histology and immunofluorescence analysis also indicated that CALD1 associates with vessel architecture, resulting in glioma grade progression. In conclusion, the present study implies that CALD1 may serve as putative marker monitoring the progress of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China; (A.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China; (A.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Zhuojing Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng H, Bai Y, Wang J, Chen S, Zhang J, Zhu J, Liu Y, Wang X. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies CALD1 as a Biomarker Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration in Stage III and IV Mismatch Repair-Proficient Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:649363. [PMID: 33996905 PMCID: PMC8116739 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.649363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved efficacy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with a mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) subtype. However, little immunotherapy efficacy was observed in patients with the mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) subtype, and hence, identifying new immune therapeutic targets is imperative for those patients. In this study, transcriptome data of stage III/IV CRC patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to quantify immune cellular compositions, and the results revealed that M2 macrophage fractions were higher in pMMR patients as compared with those with the dMMR subtype; moreover, pMMR patients with higher M2 macrophage fractions experienced shorter overall survival (OS). Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein–protein interaction network analysis identified six hub genes related to M2 macrophage infiltrations in pMMR CRC patients: CALD1, COL6A1, COL1A2, TIMP3, DCN, and SPARC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses then determined CALD1 as the independent prognostic biomarker for OS. CALD1 was upregulated specifically the in CMS4 CRC subtype, and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) revealed that CALD1 was significantly correlated with angiogenesis and TGF-β signaling gene sets enrichment scores in stage III/IV pMMR CRC samples. The Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm and correlation analysis revealed that CALD1 was significantly associated with multiple immune and stromal components in a tumor microenvironment. In addition, GSEA demonstrated that high expression of CALD1 was significantly correlated with antigen processing and presentation, chemokine signaling, leukocyte transendothelial migration, vascular smooth muscle contraction, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, MAPK, and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Furthermore, the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of cancer cells were suppressed after reducing CALD1 expression in CRC cell lines. Taken together, multiple bioinformatics analyses and cell-level assays demonstrated that CALD1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and a prospective therapeutic target for stage III/IV pMMR CRCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuge Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Role of IGFBP-2 in oral cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166143. [PMID: 33864954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of most main causes of failure in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, more than half of oral cancer patients were diagnosed as advanced oral cancer with dramatically decreased 5-year survival rate to lower than 20%, while the stages become more advanced. In order to improve oral cancer treatment, the identification of cancer metastatic biomarkers and mechanisms is critical. In the current study, two pairs of oral squamous cell carcinoma lines, OC3/C9, and invasive OC3-I5/C9-I5were used as model systems to investigate invasive mechanism as well as to identify potential therapy-associated targets. Based on our previous proteomic analysis, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) was reported participating in oral cancer metastasis. Subsequent studies have applied interference RNA as well as recombinant protein techniques to confirm the roles of IGFBP-2 in oral cancer metastasis and examine their potency in regulating invasion as well as the mechanism IGFBP-2 involved. The results demonstrated that expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including Twist, Snail1, SIP1, profilin, vimentin, uPA and MMP9 were increased in both OC3-I5 and C9-I5 compared to OC3 and C9 cells, while E-cadherin expression was down-regulated in the OC3-I5 and C9-I5 cells. Moreover, IGFBP-2 is shown to affect not only migration and invasion but also wound healing ability and cell proliferation. Our results also revealed that uPA is a downstream target of IGFBP-2 to intermediate oral cancer metastasis. To sum up, the current studies indicated that elevated IGFBP-2 is strongly correlated with oral cancer metastasis and progression, and that it could potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker as well as an innovative target for the treatment of oral cancer invasion.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yao YB, Xiao CF, Lu JG, Wang C. Caldesmon: Biochemical and Clinical Implications in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634759. [PMID: 33681215 PMCID: PMC7930484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caldesmon, an actin-binding protein, can inhibit myosin binding to actin and regulate smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. However, caldesmon has recently attracted attention due to its importance in cancer. The upregulation of caldesmon in several solid cancer tissues has been reported. Caldesmon, as well as its two isoforms, is considered as a biomarker for cancer and a potent suppressor of cancer cell invasion by regulating podosome/invadopodium formation. Therefore, caldesmon may be a promising therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer. Here, we review new studies on the gene transcription, isoform structure, expression, and phosphorylation regulation of caldesmon and discuss its clinical implications in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Yao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Fang Xiao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Gen Lu
- Longhua Hospital, Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang HY, Chou HC, Law CH, Chang WT, Wen TN, Liao EC, Lin MW, Lin LH, Wei YS, Tsai YT, Chen HY, Tan KT, Kuo WH, Ko ML, Chang SJ, Lee YR, Chan HL. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is involved in oral cancer cell metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9737-9751. [PMID: 32672400 PMCID: PMC7520311 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a common cause of failure in cancer therapy. However, over 60% of oral cancer patients present with advanced stage disease, and the five‐year survival rates of these patients decrease from 72.6% to 20% as the stage becomes more advanced. In order to manage oral cancer, identification of metastasis biomarker and mechanism is critical. In this study, we use a pair of oral squamous cell carcinoma lines, OC3, and invasive OC3‐I5 as a model system to examine invasive mechanism and to identify potential therapeutic targets. We used two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS) to examine the global protein expression changes between OC3 and invasive OC3‐I5. A proteomic study reveals that invasive properties alter the expression of 101 proteins in OC3‐I5 cells comparing to OC3 cells. Further studies have used RNA interference technique to monitor the influence of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) protein in invasion and evaluate their potency in regulating invasion and the mechanism it involved. The results demonstrated that expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including Twist, p‐Src, Snail1, SIP1, JAM‐A, vimentin and vinculin was increased in OC3‐I5 compared to OC3 cells, whereas E‐cadherin expression was decreased in the OC3‐I5 cells. Moreover, in mouse model, PGRMC1 is shown to affect not only migration and invasion but also metastasis in vivo. Taken together, the proteomic approach allows us to identify numerous proteins, including PGRMC1, involved in invasion mechanism. Our results provide useful diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of oral cancer invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Yu Huang
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Law
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ning Wen
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lian H, Wang A, Shen Y, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Zhang R, Li K, Liu C, Jia H. Identification of novel alternative splicing isoform biomarkers and their association with overall survival in colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:171. [PMID: 32503434 PMCID: PMC7275609 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism of regulating eukaryotic gene expression. Understanding the most common AS events in colorectal cancer (CRC) will help developing diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic tools in CRC. METHODS Publicly available RNA-seq data of 28 pairs of CRC and normal tissues and 18 pairs of metastatic and normal tissues were used to identify AS events using PSI and DEXSeq methods. RESULT The highly significant splicing events were used to search a database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified AS events in 9 genes in CRC (more inclusion of CLK1-E4, COL6A3-E6, CD44v8-10, alternative first exon regulation of ARHGEF9, CHEK1, HKDC1 and HNF4A) or metastasis (decrease of SERPINA1-E1a, CALD-E5b, E6). Except for CHEK1, all other 8 splicing events were confirmed by TCGA data with 382 CRC tumors and 51 normal controls. The combination of three splicing events was used to build a logistic regression model that can predict sample type (CRC or normal) with near perfect performance (AUC = 1). Two splicing events (COL6A3 and HKDC1) were found to be significantly associated with patient overall survival. The AS features of the 9 genes are highly consistent with previous reports and/or relevant to cancer biology. CONCLUSIONS The significant association of higher expression of the COL6A3 E5-E6 junction and HKDC1 E1-E2 with better overall survival was firstly reported. This study might be of significant value in the future biomarker, prognosis marker and therapeutics development of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO., LTD., Anhui Chaohu Economic Develop Zone, No. 6 Longquan Road, Hefei, 238014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenru Zhou
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO., LTD., Anhui Chaohu Economic Develop Zone, No. 6 Longquan Road, Hefei, 238014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO., LTD., Anhui Chaohu Economic Develop Zone, No. 6 Longquan Road, Hefei, 238014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu B, Cao W, Zhang C, Xia R, Liu J, Yan M, Chen W. Prediction of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on protein profile. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:363-373. [PMID: 30779878 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1584039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymph node metastasis leads to high mortality rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, it is still controversial to define clinically negative neck (cN0) and positive neck (cN1-3). METHODS We retrieved candidate biomarkers identified by proteomic analysis in OSCC from published works of literature. In training stage, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was used to determine the expression of proteins and logistic regression models with stepwise variable selection were used to identify potential factors that might affect lymph node metastasis and life status. Furthermore, the prediction model was validated in validating stage. RESULTS We screened eight highly expressed proteins related to lymph node metastasis in OSCC and found that the expression levels of SOD2, BST2, CAD, ITGB6, and PRDX4 were significantly elevated in patients with lymph node metastasis compared to the patients without lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, in training and validating stages, the prediction model base on the combination of CAD, SOD2 expression levels, and histopathologic grade was developed and validated in patients with OSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the developed model well predicts the lymph node metastasis and life status in patients with OSCC, independent of TNM stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital & College of Stomatology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
- b National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Cao
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital & College of Stomatology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
- b National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital & College of Stomatology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
- b National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Ronghui Xia
- b National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
- c Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital & College of Stomatology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- b National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Ming Yan
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital & College of Stomatology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
- b National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Wantao Chen
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital & College of Stomatology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
- b National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sekar B, Saranyan R, Nirmal R, Kumaresan I, Murugesan A, Kamaraj L. Caldesmon Expression in Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Mediator of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_140_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
18
|
Bierbaumer L, Schwarze UY, Gruber R, Neuhaus W. Cell culture models of oral mucosal barriers: A review with a focus on applications, culture conditions and barrier properties. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:1479568. [PMID: 30252599 PMCID: PMC6389128 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1479568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of oral mucosal epithelial barriers is essential for a plethora of research fields such as tumor biology, inflammation and infection diseases, microbiomics, pharmacology, drug delivery, dental and biomarker research. The barrier properties are comprised by a physical, a transport and a metabolic barrier, and all these barrier components play pivotal roles in the communication between saliva and blood. The sum of all epithelia of the oral cavity and salivary glands is defined as the blood-saliva barrier. The functionality of the barrier is regulated by its microenvironment and often altered during diseases. A huge array of cell culture models have been developed to mimic specific parts of the blood-saliva barrier, but no ultimate standard in vitro models have been established. This review provides a comprehensive overview about developed in vitro models of oral mucosal barriers, their applications, various cultivation protocols and corresponding barrier properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bierbaumer
- a Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH , Vienna , Austria
| | - Uwe Yacine Schwarze
- b Department of Oral Biology , School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,c Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Vienna , Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- b Department of Oral Biology , School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,c Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Vienna , Austria.,d Department of Periodontology , School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- a Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Prognosis of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma remains a challenge for clinicians despite progress in its diagnosis and treatment over the past decades. In this review, we assessed clinicopathological factors and potential biomarkers along with their prognostic relevance in an attempt to develop optimal treatment strategies for these patients. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to several pathologic factors that have been proposed to improve prognostic stratification and treatment planning in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee staging manual on cancer, we reviewed some other imaging and clinicopathological parameters demonstrated to be closely associated with patient prognosis, along with the biomarkers related to novel target or immune therapy. Evaluation of current literature regarding the prognostic stratification used in contemporary clinicopathological studies and progress in the development of targeted or immune therapy may help these patients benefit from tailored and personalized treatment and obtain better oncological results.
Collapse
|
20
|
Dong Q, Fu L, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Qiu X, Wang E. Derlin-1 is a target to improve radiotherapy effect of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55135-55146. [PMID: 28903408 PMCID: PMC5589647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to explore the role of Derlin-1 on the sensitivity of ESCC to radiotherapy and its underlying mechanism. We examined the clinical significance of Derlin-1 in 125 ESCC tissues. We found that Derlin-1 protein was higher in ESCC tissues than that in normal esophageal epithelial tissues. Derlin-1 overexpression was correlated with chemoradiotherapy resistance in ESCC patients and served an independent predictor for short overall survival. siRNA knockdown and plasmid transfection were carried out in ESCC cell lines. Derlin-1 depletion inhibited cell growth while its overexpression facilitated cell growth. Derlin-1 overexpression in Eca-109 cells dramatically enhanced its resistance to radiotherapy with decreased apoptosis rate. On the contrary, Derlin-1 depletion in TE-1 cell line showed the opposite effects. In addition, radioresistance conferred by Derlin-1 was attributed to its role of activating AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway and reducing caspase3 cleavage. Blockage of AKT signaling attenuated the role of Derlin-1 on radioresistance. Furthermore, Derlin-1 could interact with PI3K p110α in ESCC cell lines. Taken together, Our data demonstrate that Derlin-1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis and protects ESCC from irradiation induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Derlin-1 may serve as a novel predictor for radiosentivity and a molecular target for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianze Dong
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
He Z, Li G, Tang L, Li Y. SIX1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis and induces radioresistance through AKT signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1071-1079. [PMID: 28260921 PMCID: PMC5328293 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s125330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) protein has been found to be overexpressed in several human cancers. However, its expression pattern and biological roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unexplored. This study examined the clinical significance of SIX1 in 119 ESCC tissues. It was found that SIX1 protein was upregulated in 36.9% (44/119) cases. SIX1 overexpression was an independent predictor for short survival of ESCC patients. siRNA knockdown and plasmid transfection were carried out in ESCC cell lines. SIX1 depletion inhibited cell growth, invasion, and colony formation, whereas its overexpression facilitated in vivo and in vitro cell growth, invasion, and colony formation. The apoptosis rate induced by X-ray irradiation was substantially increased by SIX1 knockdown in Eca-109 cells. Ectopic overexpression of SIX1 in TE-1 cells dramatically enhanced resistance to irradiation. Western blot analysis showed that SIX1 depletion downregulated cyclin E, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), Bcl-2 expression and upregulated Bim expression. SIX1 overexpression exhibited the opposite effect on these proteins. In addition, it was found that SIX1 could positively regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT signaling pathway. ERK inhibitor abolished the effect of SIX1 on MMP-2 expression. AKT inhibitor treatment blocked the role of SIX1 on anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that SIX1 overexpression predicts poor survival in ESCC patients and confers radioresistance through activation of AKT signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingrong Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Quantitative global proteome and lysine succinylome analyses provide insights into metabolic regulation and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42053. [PMID: 28165029 PMCID: PMC5292683 DOI: 10.1038/srep42053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of high-throughput quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, the molecular mechanisms of cancers have been comprehensively explored. However, cancer is a multi-dimensional disease with sophisticated regulations, and few studies focus on the crosstalk among multiomics. In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer (GC), particularly in the process of lymph node metastasis (LNM), we investigated dynamic profiling changes as well as crosstalk between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the proteome, and the lysine succinylome. Our study reports the first qualitative and quantitative profile of lysine succinylation in GC. We identified a novel mechanism through which the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway might be regulated through lysine succinylation in their core enzymes. We then examined the potential of using lysine succinylation as a biomarker for GC and successfully developed a succinylation-dependent antibody for the K569 site in Caldesmon as putative biomarker. Finally, we investigated the relationship between the lysine succinylome and lncRNAs, identifying potential crosstalks between two lncRNAs and one succinylation site. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and provide new information for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee MS, Lee J, Kim JH, Kim WT, Kim WJ, Ahn H, Park J. Overexpression of caldesmon is associated with tumor progression in patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40370-84. [PMID: 26430961 PMCID: PMC4741901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and function of caldesmon (CAD) in urothelial bladder carcinoma (BC) have not been reported. Here, we investigated the expression, prognostic value, and potential functional mechanism of CAD in primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Protein profiling of tissue samples using antibody microarrays showed significantly higher CAD expression in muscle-invasive BC tissues compared with NMIBC tissues. We then validated the CAD expression in BC cells by immunohistochemistry analysis using paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and western blots using BC cell lines. In addition, we examined the expression of CAD variants by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed the expression of low-molecular-weight isoforms (L-CAD), specifically encoded by WI-38 L-CAD II (transcript variant 2), in BC cells. Survival analysis in an independent primary NMIBC cohort comprising 132 patients showed that positive CAD expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis than no CAD expression with regard to recurrence- and progression-free survival (p = 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). Multivariate analyses further indicated that positive CAD expression was an independent predictor of progression-free survival (p = 0.032; HR = 5.983). Data obtained from in vitro silencing and overexpression studies indicated that L-CAD promotes migration and invasiveness of BC cells. Immunofluorescence assays showed dramatic structural changes in the actin cytoskeleton of BC cells after L-CAD overexpression. Our findings collectively suggest that L-CAD overexpression in primary NMIBC is significantly associated with tumor progression and that a possible mechanism for L-CAD's activity is implicated in increased cell motility and invasive characteristics through morphological changes in BC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hanjong Ahn
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kao YY, Tu HF, Kao SY, Chang KW, Lin SC. The increase of oncogenic miRNA expression in tongue carcinogenesis of a mouse model. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:1103-12. [PMID: 26525105 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the oncogenic miRNA level in the tissue and biofluids in the Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide (4NQO)-induced mouse tongue carcinogenesis model for potential diagnostic or therapeutic application. MATERIALS AND METHODS The histological examination, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR analysis and bioinformatic algorithms were performed to unravel the signaling activation and miRNA expression in female murine samples. RESULTS The increase of miR-21 and miR-31 staining, and EGFR activation paralleled the severity of 4NQO-induced epithelial pathogenesis in tongue epithelium. A progressive increase of miR-21, miR-31 and miR-146a in both saliva and plasma samples was also noted. miR-31 was the earliest emerging miRNA in the saliva. The increase of plasma miR-146a, miR-184 and miR-372 was detectable early in the induction, and it was particularly eminent at the most advanced lesion state. The combined analysis of the multiple oncogenic miRNAs in the plasma signified a potent discriminative capacity between normal and pathological states. As the blockage of EGFR or AKT activation drastically reverted the miR-21, miR-31 and miR-146a expression induced by 4NQO in human oral carcinoma cell lines, the results implicated a mechanistic linkage of the oncogenic miRNAs' induction through EGFR/AKT activation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show the dysregulation of oncogenic miRNAs in murine tongue tumorigenesis, which simulates human counterparts. Increased multiple miRNAs in the biofluids may be valuable non-invasive markers in detecting oral carcinogenesis at an early stage. This animal model may also be useful for developing liquid biopsies and prevention strategies against oral carcinoma by abrogating EGFR or oncogenic miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Kao
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang L, Liu H. microRNA-188 is downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma and inhibits proliferation and invasion by targeting SIX1. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4105-13. [PMID: 26490981 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNA-188 expression is downregulated in several tumors. However, its function and mechanism in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains obscure. The present study aims to identify the expression pattern, biological roles, and potential mechanism by which miR-188 dysregulation is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Significant downregulation of miR-188 was observed in OSCC tissues compared with paired normal tissues. In vitro, gain-of-function, loss-of-function experiments were performed to examine the impact of miR-188 on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and cell cycle progression. Transfection of miR-188 mimics suppressed Detroit 562 cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and invasion, with downregulation of cyclin D1, MMP9, and p-ERK. Transfection of miR-188 inhibitor in FaDu cell line with high endogenous expression exhibited the opposite effects. Using fluorescence reporter assays, we confirmed that SIX1 was a direct target of miR-188 in OSCC cells. Transfection of miR-188 mimics downregulated SIX1 expression. SIX1 siRNA treatment abrogated miR-188 inhibitor-induced cyclin D1 and MMP9 upregulation. In addition, we found that SIX1 was overexpressed in 32 of 80 OSCC tissues. In conclusion, this study indicates that miR-188 downregulation might be associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. miR-188 suppresses proliferation and invasion by targeting SIX1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated hospital of Stomatology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Low-molecular-mass secretome profiling identifies HMGA2 and MIF as prognostic biomarkers for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11689. [PMID: 26138061 PMCID: PMC4650660 DOI: 10.1038/srep11689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The profiling of cancer cell secretomes is considered to be a good strategy for identifying cancer-related biomarkers, but few studies have focused on identifying low-molecular-mass (LMr) proteins (<15 kDa) in cancer cell secretomes. Here, we used tricine-SDS-gel-assisted fractionation and LC-MS/MS to systemically identify LMr proteins in the secretomes of five oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Cross-matching of these results with nine OSCC tissue transcriptome datasets allowed us to identify 33 LMr genes/proteins that were highly upregulated in OSCC tissues and secreted/released from OSCC cells. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to verify the overexpression of two candidates, HMGA2 and MIF, in OSCC tissues. The overexpressions of both proteins were associated with cervical metastasis, perineural invasion, deeper tumor invasion, higher overall stage, and a poorer prognosis for post-treatment survival. Functional assays further revealed that both proteins promoted the migration and invasion of OSCC cell lines in vitro. Collectively, our data indicate that the tricine-SDS-gel/LC-MS/MS approach can be used to efficiently identify LMr proteins from OSCC cell secretomes, and suggest that HMGA2 and MIF could be potential tissue biomarkers for OSCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen TC, Wu CT, Wang CP, Yang TL, Lou PJ, Ko JY, Chang YL. Significance of nuclear p-mTOR expression in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma with extracapsular extension of lymph node metastases. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:493-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
28
|
Jarkovska K, Dvorankova B, Halada P, Kodet O, Szabo P, Gadher SJ, Motlik J, Kovarova H, Smetana K. Revelation of fibroblast protein commonalities and differences and their possible roles in wound healing and tumourigenesis using co-culture models of cells. Biol Cell 2014; 106:203-18. [PMID: 24698078 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The in vitro co-culture models of communication between normal fibroblasts and epithelial cells, such as keratinocytes or squamous cell carcinoma cells of FaDu line representing wound healing or cancer development, were established by non-direct contact between the cells and utilised in this study to examine epithelia-induced changes in overall fibroblast proteome patterns. RESULTS We were able to select the proteins co-regulated in both models in order to evaluate possible molecular commonalities between wound healing and tumour development. Amongst the most pronounced were the proteins implemented in contractile activity and formation of actin cytoskeleton such as caldesmon, calponin-2, myosin regulatory light-chain 12A and cofilin-1, which were expressed independently of the presence of α-smooth muscle actin. Additionally, proteins altered differently highlighted functional and cellular phenotypes during transition of fibroblasts towards myofibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts. Results showed coordinated regulation of cytoskeleton proteins selective for wound healing which were lost in tumourigenesis model. Vimentin bridged this group of proteins with other regulated proteins in human fibroblasts involved in protein or RNA processing and metabolic regulation. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide strong support for crucial role of stromal microenvironment in wound healing and tumourigenesis. In particular, epithelia-induced protein changes in fibroblasts offer new potential targets which may lead to novel tailored cancer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Jarkovska
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|