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Taha MS, Ahmadian MR. Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Protein and Its Multifunctionality: From Cytosol to Nucleolus and Back. Biomolecules 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 38672417 PMCID: PMC11047961 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silencing of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene and a consequent lack of FMR protein (FMRP) synthesis are associated with fragile X syndrome, one of the most common inherited intellectual disabilities. FMRP is a multifunctional protein that is involved in many cellular functions in almost all subcellular compartments under both normal and cellular stress conditions in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. This is achieved through its trafficking signals, nuclear localization signal (NLS), nuclear export signal (NES), and nucleolar localization signal (NoLS), as well as its RNA and protein binding domains, and it is modulated by various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and methylation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the interaction networks of FMRP with a special focus on FMRP stress-related functions, including stress granule formation, mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum plasticity, ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle control, and DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Taha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Institute of Medical Research and Clinical Studies, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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Stepler KE, Hannah SC, Taneyhill LA, Nemes P. Deep Proteome of the Developing Chick Midbrain. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3264-3274. [PMID: 37616547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of cranial neural crest cells within the midbrain are critical processes that permit proper craniofacial patterning in the early embryo. Disruptions in these processes not only impair development but also lead to various diseases, underscoring the need for their detailed understanding at the molecular level. The chick embryo has served historically as an excellent model for human embryonic development, including cranial neural crest cell EMT and migration. While these developmental events have been characterized transcriptionally, studies at the protein level have not been undertaken to date. Here, we applied mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to establish a deep proteomics profile of the chick midbrain region during early embryonic development. Our proteomics method combines optimal lysis conditions, offline fractionation, separation on a nanopatterned stationary phase (μPAC) using nanoflow liquid chromatography, and detection using quadrupole-ion trap-Orbitrap tribrid high-resolution tandem MS. Identification of >5900 proteins and >450 phosphoproteins in this study marks the deepest coverage of the chick midbrain proteome to date. These proteins have known roles in pathways related to neural crest cell EMT and migration such as signaling, proteolysis/extracellular matrix remodeling, and transcriptional regulation. This study offers valuable insight into important developmental processes occurring in the midbrain region and demonstrates the utility of proteomics for characterization of tissue microenvironments during chick embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Stepler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Seth C Hannah
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Desprez F, Ung DC, Vourc’h P, Jeanne M, Laumonnier F. Contribution of the dihydropyrimidinase-like proteins family in synaptic physiology and in neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1154446. [PMID: 37144098 PMCID: PMC10153444 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1154446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dihydropyrimidinase-like (DPYSL) proteins, also designated as the collapsin response mediators (CRMP) proteins, constitute a family of five cytosolic phosphoproteins abundantly expressed in the developing nervous system but down-regulated in the adult mouse brain. The DPYSL proteins were initially identified as effectors of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signaling and consequently involved in regulation of growth cone collapse in young developing neurons. To date, it has been established that DPYSL proteins mediate signals for numerous intracellular/extracellular pathways and play major roles in variety of cellular process including cell migration, neurite extension, axonal guidance, dendritic spine development and synaptic plasticity through their phosphorylation status. The roles of DPYSL proteins at early stages of brain development have been described in the past years, particularly for DPYSL2 and DPYSL5 proteins. The recent characterization of pathogenic genetic variants in DPYSL2 and in DPYSL5 human genes associated with intellectual disability and brain malformations, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar dysplasia, highlighted the pivotal role of these actors in the fundamental processes of brain formation and organization. In this review, we sought to establish a detailed update on the knowledge regarding the functions of DPYSL genes and proteins in brain and to highlight their involvement in synaptic processing in later stages of neurodevelopment, as well as their particular contribution in human neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dévina C. Ung
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Laumonnier,
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Curnow E, Wang Y. New Animal Models for Understanding FMRP Functions and FXS Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:1628. [PMID: 35626665 PMCID: PMC9140010 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X encompasses a range of genetic conditions, all of which result as a function of changes within the FMR1 gene and abnormal production and/or expression of the FMR1 gene products. Individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common heritable form of intellectual disability, have a full-mutation sequence (>200 CGG repeats) which brings about transcriptional silencing of FMR1 and loss of FMR protein (FMRP). Despite considerable progress in our understanding of FXS, safe, effective, and reliable treatments that either prevent or reduce the severity of the FXS phenotype have not been approved. While current FXS animal models contribute their own unique understanding to the molecular, cellular, physiological, and behavioral deficits associated with FXS, no single animal model is able to fully recreate the FXS phenotype. This review will describe the status and rationale in the development, validation, and utility of three emerging animal model systems for FXS, namely the nonhuman primate (NHP), Mongolian gerbil, and chicken. These developing animal models will provide a sophisticated resource in which the deficits in complex functions of perception, action, and cognition in the human disorder are accurately reflected and aid in the successful translation of novel therapeutics and interventions to the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Curnow
- REI Division, Department of ObGyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Seif A, Shea C, Schmid S, Stevenson RA. A Systematic Review of Brainstem Contributions to Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:760116. [PMID: 34790102 PMCID: PMC8591260 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.760116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects one in 66 children in Canada. The contributions of changes in the cortex and cerebellum to autism have been studied for decades. However, our understanding of brainstem contributions has only started to emerge more recently. Disruptions of sensory processing, startle response, sensory filtering, sensorimotor gating, multisensory integration and sleep are all features of ASD and are processes in which the brainstem is involved. In addition, preliminary research into brainstem contribution emphasizes the importance of the developmental timeline rather than just the mature brainstem. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to compile histological, behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological evidence from human and animal studies about brainstem contributions and their functional implications in autism. Moreover, due to the developmental nature of autism, the review pays attention to the atypical brainstem development and compares findings based on age. Overall, there is evidence of an important role of brainstem disruptions in ASD, but there is still the need to examine the brainstem across the life span, from infancy to adulthood which could lead the way for early diagnosis and possibly treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Seif
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Carly Shea
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Schmid
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan A Stevenson
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Taha MS, Haghighi F, Stefanski A, Nakhaei-Rad S, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Al Kabbani MA, Görg B, Fujii M, Lang PA, Häussinger D, Piekorz RP, Stühler K, Ahmadian MR. Novel FMRP interaction networks linked to cellular stress. FEBS J 2020; 288:837-860. [PMID: 32525608 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and consequently lack of synthesis of FMR protein (FMRP) are associated with fragile X syndrome, which is one of the most prevalent inherited intellectual disabilities, with additional roles in increased viral infection, liver disease, and reduced cancer risk. FMRP plays critical roles in chromatin dynamics, RNA binding, mRNA transport, and mRNA translation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, including the (sub)cellular FMRP protein networks, remain elusive. Here, we employed affinity pull-down and quantitative LC-MS/MS analyses with FMRP. We identified known and novel candidate FMRP-binding proteins as well as protein complexes. FMRP interacted with 180 proteins, 28 of which interacted with its N terminus. Interaction with the C terminus of FMRP was observed for 102 proteins, and 48 proteins interacted with both termini. This FMRP interactome comprises known FMRP-binding proteins, including the ribosomal proteins FXR1P, NUFIP2, Caprin-1, and numerous novel FMRP candidate interacting proteins that localize to different subcellular compartments, including CARF, LARP1, LEO1, NOG2, G3BP1, NONO, NPM1, SKIP, SND1, SQSTM1, and TRIM28. Our data considerably expand the protein and RNA interaction networks of FMRP, which thereby suggest that, in addition to its known functions, FMRP participates in transcription, RNA metabolism, ribonucleoprotein stress granule formation, translation, DNA damage response, chromatin dynamics, cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, miRNA biogenesis, and mitochondrial organization. Thus, FMRP seems associated with multiple cellular processes both under normal and cell stress conditions in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cell types, as exemplified by its role in the formation of stress granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Taha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research Branch, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Phillip A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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McCullagh EA, Rotschafer SE, Auerbach BD, Klug A, Kaczmarek LK, Cramer KS, Kulesza RJ, Razak KA, Lovelace JW, Lu Y, Koch U, Wang Y. Mechanisms underlying auditory processing deficits in Fragile X syndrome. FASEB J 2020; 34:3501-3518. [PMID: 32039504 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902435r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are strongly associated with auditory hypersensitivity or hyperacusis (difficulty tolerating sounds). Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common monogenetic cause of ASD, has emerged as a powerful gateway for exploring underlying mechanisms of hyperacusis and auditory dysfunction in ASD. This review discusses examples of disruption of the auditory pathways in FXS at molecular, synaptic, and circuit levels in animal models as well as in FXS individuals. These examples highlight the involvement of multiple mechanisms, from aberrant synaptic development and ion channel deregulation of auditory brainstem circuits, to impaired neuronal plasticity and network hyperexcitability in the auditory cortex. Though a relatively new area of research, recent discoveries have increased interest in auditory dysfunction and mechanisms underlying hyperacusis in this disorder. This rapidly growing body of data has yielded novel research directions addressing critical questions regarding the timing and possible outcomes of human therapies for auditory dysfunction in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A McCullagh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sarah E Rotschafer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Auerbach
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders & Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Achim Klug
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karina S Cramer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Randy J Kulesza
- Department of Anatomy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Yong Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Ursula Koch
- Institute of Biology, Neurophysiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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