1
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Bürgin T, Ogawa T, Wenger OS. Better Covalent Connection in a Molecular Triad Enables More Efficient Photochemical Energy Storage. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13597-13607. [PMID: 37562775 PMCID: PMC10445269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the kinetics of light-induced charge separation and thermal charge recombination in donor-acceptor compounds, but quantum efficiencies have rarely been investigated. Here, we report on two essentially isomeric molecular triads, both comprising a π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (ExTTF) donor, a ruthenium(II)-based photosensitizer, and a naphthalene diimide (NDI) acceptor. The key difference between the two triads is how the NDI acceptor is connected. Linkage at the NDI core provides stronger electronic coupling to the other molecular components than connection via the nitrogen atoms of NDI. This change in molecular connectivity is expected to accelerate both energy-storing charge separation and energy-wasting charge recombination processes, but it is not a priori clear how this will affect the triad's ability to store photochemical energy; any gain resulting from faster charge separation could potentially be (over)compensated by losses through accelerated charge recombination. The new key insight emerging from our study is that the quantum yield for the formation of a long-lived charge-separated state increases by a factor of 5 when going from nitrogen- to core-connected NDI, providing the important proof of concept that better molecular connectivity indeed enables more efficient photochemical energy storage. The physical origin of this behavior seems to root in different orbital connectivity pathways for charge separation and charge recombination, as well as in differences in the relevant orbital interactions depending on NDI connection. Our work provides guidelines for how to discriminate between energy-storing and energy-wasting electron transfer reactions in order to improve the quantum yields for photochemical energy storage and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias
H. Bürgin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, University
of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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2
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Merkel K, Greiner J, Ortmann F. Understanding the electronic pi-system of 2D covalent organic frameworks with Wannier functions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1685. [PMID: 36717636 PMCID: PMC9886956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate a family of hexagonal 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with phenyl and biphenyl spacer units and different chemical linker species. Chemical trends are elucidated and attributed to microscopic properties of the [Formula: see text]-electron-system spanned by atomic [Formula: see text]-orbitals. We systematically investigate the electronic structure, delocalization of electronic states, effects of disorder, bond torsion, and doping, and correlate these with variable [Formula: see text]-conjugation and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) aromaticity. Molecular orbitals are obtained from maximally localized Wannier functions that have [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-character, forming distinct [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-bands for all valence states. The Wannier-orbital description goes beyond simple tight-binding models and enables a detailed understanding of the electronic topology, effective electronic coupling and delocalization. It is shown that a meaningful comparison between COFs with different chemical elements can only be made by examining the entire [Formula: see text]-electron system, while a comparison of individual bands (e.g., bands near the Fermi energy) can be a insufficient to derive general design rules for linker and spacer monomer selection. We further identify delocalized states that are spread across tens or hundreds of pores of the 2D COFs and analyze their robustness against structural and energetic disorders like out-of-plane rotations of molecular fragments, different strength of energetic disorder and energetic shifts due to chemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Merkel
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Greiner
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Zheng P, Zhang L, Zhang X, Ma Y, Jiang Y, Li H. Parallel-Self-Assembling Stack, Center-Capture Effect, and Reactivity-Enhancing Effect of N-Layer ( N = 1, 2, 3) Cyclo[18]carbon. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21345-21355. [PMID: 36378142 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclo[18]carbon (C18) is an captivating allotrope of carbon synthesized recently, which has drawn the attention among scientists. There are still few studies on the dynamic behaviors of C18. To gain knowledge in this area, we systematically explored the stacking behaviors and the oxidation kinetics of C18, as well the electronic transport behaviors of C18 oxides, by density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function calculations combined with reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations. The parallel-self-assembling behaviors were observed in the stack of two- or three-layer C18. During the oxidation process of C18, we found an evident center-capture effect in which the hollow rings would preferentially attract an O2 molecule into their centers. Moreover, the adsorption of O2 on the O2-doped rings was dramatically enhanced by the O2 at the center of the ring, showing the reactivity-enhancing effect. The excellent electron transport property of central-O2-doped C18 among 13 types of C18 oxides demonstrates the potential of C18 oxides as promising molecular devices for various applications. This study reveals the dynamic behaviors of C18 and provides theoretical guidance for use of C18 and C18 oxides in molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan250061, China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Modeling and Simulation Lab, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore117542, Singapore
| | - Xingfan Zhang
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yingjie Ma
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan250061, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan250061, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan250061, China
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4
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Garner MH, Solomon GC. Simultaneous Suppression of π- and σ-Transmission in π-Conjugated Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7400-7406. [PMID: 32787288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dielectric materials require ostensibly conflicting requirements of high polarizability and low conductivity. As previous efforts toward molecular insulators focused on saturated molecules, it remains an open question whether π- and σ-transport can be simultaneously suppressed in conjugated systems. Here, we demonstrate that there are conjugated molecules where the σ-transmission is suppressed by destructive σ-interference, while the π-transmission can be suppressed by a localized disruption of conjugation. Using density functional theory, we study the Landauer transmission and ballistic current density, which allow us to determine how the transmission is affected by various structural changes in the molecule. We find that in para-linked oligophenyl rings the σ-transmission can be suppressed by changing the remaining hydrogens to methyl groups due to the inherent gauche-like structure of the carbon backbone within a benzene ring, similar to what was previously seen in saturated systems. At the same time, the methyl groups fulfill a dual purpose as they modulate the twist angle between neighboring phenyl rings. When neighboring rings are orthogonal to each other, the transmission through both π- and σ-systems is effectively suppressed. Alternatively, breaking conjugation in a single phenyl ring by saturating two carbons atoms with two methyl substituents on each carbon, results in suppressed π- and σ-transport independent of dihedral angle. These two strategies demonstrate that methyl-substituted oligophenyls are promising candidates for the development of molecular dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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5
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Zhang L, Li H, Feng YP, Shen L. Diverse Transport Behaviors in Cyclo[18]carbon-Based Molecular Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2611-2617. [PMID: 32091224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scientists have been trying to synthesize ring-shaped pure carbon molecules for a half century. A breakthrough was made recently, and cyclo[18]carbon (C18) was produced successfully by bonding an 18-atom ring of carbon. Because of its potential application in molecular devices, it is natural and timely to study the transport behaviors of C18. Here we report the electron transport properties of the C18-ring connected to various electrodes, including 1D carbon chain, 2D graphene, and 3D silver electrodes, using density-functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function technique. Diverse transport behaviors are found for the C18 molecular devices, including an Ohmic characteristic, a quasi Schottky feature, and a current-limiting function. The origin and mechanism of unique nonlinear I-V characteristics are investigated by the transmission pathway, transmission spectra, density of states, and molecular frontier orbital theory. This study provides a theoretical guide for exploring the next-generation molecular devices based on this newcomer to the family of carbon allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117542, Singapore
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6
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Bi H, Palma CA, Gong Y, Hasch P, Elbing M, Mayor M, Reichert J, Barth JV. Voltage-Driven Conformational Switching with Distinct Raman Signature in a Single-Molecule Junction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4835-4840. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bi
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Gong
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Hasch
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mark Elbing
- Department of Applied Natural Sciences, Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Mönkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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7
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Yan Y, Juríček M, Coudert FX, Vermeulen NA, Grunder S, Dailly A, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Stoddart JF, Schröder M. Non-Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Copper(II) Paddlewheel and Oligoparaxylene-Isophthalate Linkers: Synthesis, Structure, and Gas Adsorption. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3371-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Michal Juríček
- Center
for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - François-Xavier Coudert
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolaas A. Vermeulen
- Center
for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sergio Grunder
- Center
for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anne Dailly
- Chemical
and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan 48090, United States
| | - William Lewis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alexander. J. Blake
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Center
for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Martin Schröder
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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8
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Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Electron Transfer Rate Maxima at Large Donor-Acceptor Distances. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1349-58. [PMID: 26800279 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of their low mass, electrons can transfer rapidly over long (>15 Å) distances, but usually reaction rates decrease with increasing donor-acceptor distance. We report here on electron transfer rate maxima at donor-acceptor separations of 30.6 Å, observed for thermal electron transfer between an anthraquinone radical anion and a triarylamine radical cation in three homologous series of rigid-rod-like donor-photosensitizer-acceptor triads with p-xylene bridges. Our experimental observations can be explained by a weak distance dependence of electronic donor-acceptor coupling combined with a strong increase of the (outer-sphere) reorganization energy with increasing distance, as predicted by electron transfer theory more than 30 years ago. The observed effect has important consequences for light-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuss-Petermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Schmidt HC, Spulber M, Neuburger M, Palivan CG, Meuwly M, Wenger OS. Charge Transfer Pathways in Three Isomers of Naphthalene-Bridged Organic Mixed Valence Compounds. J Org Chem 2015; 81:595-602. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Spulber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, Spitalstrasse 51, and Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Heinz LG, Yushchenko O, Neuburger M, Vauthey E, Wenger OS. Tetramethoxybenzene is a Good Building Block for Molecular Wires: Insights from Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5676-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa G. Heinz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr Yushchenko
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Lissel F, Schwarz F, Blacque O, Riel H, Lörtscher E, Venkatesan K, Berke H. Organometallic Single-Molecule Electronics: Tuning Electron Transport through X(diphosphine)2FeC4Fe(diphosphine)2X Building Blocks by Varying the Fe–X–Au Anchoring Scheme from Coordinative to Covalent. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14560-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lissel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schwarz
- Science & Technology Department, IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heike Riel
- Science & Technology Department, IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- Science & Technology Department, IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Berke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Kaliginedi V, V. Rudnev A, Moreno-García P, Baghernejad M, Huang C, Hong W, Wandlowski T. Promising anchoring groups for single-molecule conductance measurements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23529-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03605k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the results obtained with different anchoring groups reveals structural and mechanistic details of the different types of single molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masoud Baghernejad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Bronner C, Wenger OS. Long-range proton-coupled electron transfer in phenol–Ru(2,2′-bipyrazine)32+ dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3617-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Xiang D, Jeong H, Lee T, Mayer D. Mechanically controllable break junctions for molecular electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4845-67. [PMID: 23913697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) represents a fundamental technique for the investigation of molecular electronic junctions, especially for the study of the electronic properties of single molecules. With unique advantages, the MCBJ technique has provided substantial insight into charge transport processes in molecules. In this review, the techniques for sample fabrication, operation and the various applications of MCBJs are introduced and the history, challenges and future of MCBJs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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15
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Twists and turns: Studies of the complexes and properties of bimetallic complexes featuring phenylene ethynylene and related bridging ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Grunder S, Valente C, Whalley AC, Sampath S, Portmann J, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Molecular Gauge Blocks for Building on the Nanoscale. Chemistry 2012; 18:15632-49. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Ousaka N, Grunder S, Castilla AM, Whalley AC, Stoddart JF, Nitschke JR. Efficient long-range stereochemical communication and cooperative effects in self-assembled Fe4L6 cages. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15528-37. [PMID: 22916838 DOI: 10.1021/ja306615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of large, optically active Fe(4)L(6) cages was prepared from linear 5,5'-bis(2-formylpyridines) incorporating varying numbers (n = 0-3) of oligo-p-xylene spacers, chiral amines, and Fe(II). When a cage was constructed from the ligand bridged by one p-xylene spacer (n = 1) and a bulky chiral amine, both a homochiral Fe(2)L(3) helicate and Fe(4)L(6) cage were observed to coexist in solution due to a delicate balance between steric factors. In contrast, when a less bulky chiral amine was used, only the Fe(4)L(6) cage was observed. In the case of larger cages (n = 2, 3), long-range (>2 nm) stereochemical coupling between metal centers was observed, which was minimally diminished as the ligands were lengthened. This communication was mediated by the ligands' geometries and rigidity, as opposed to gearing effects between xylene methyl groups: the metal-centered stereochemistry was not observed to affect the axial stereochemistry of the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ousaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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18
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Campanelli AR, Domenicano A, Ramondo F. Transmission of electronic substituent effects through a benzene framework: a computational study of 4-substituted biphenyls based on structural variation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8209-17. [PMID: 22784397 DOI: 10.1021/jp303722w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of substituent effects through a benzene framework has been studied by a novel approach, based on the structural variation of the Ph group in p-Ph-C(6)H(4)-X molecules. The molecular structures of many 4-substituted biphenyls were determined from MO calculations at the HF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311++G** levels of theory. The twist angle between the phenyl probe (ring B) and the benzene framework carrying the substituent (ring A) was set at 90° to prevent π-electron transfer from one ring to the other and at 0° to maximize it. The structural variation of the probe is best represented by a linear combination of the internal ring angles, termed S(F)(BIPH(o)) and S(F)(BIPH(c)) for the orthogonal and coplanar conformations of the molecules, respectively. Regression analysis of these parameters using appropriate explanatory variables reveals a composite field effect, a substantial proportion of which is originated by resonance-induced π-charges on the carbon atoms of ring A. Field-induced polarization of the π-system of ring A also contributes to the structural variation of the probe. Thus, the S(F)(BIPH(o)) parameter is very well reproduced by a linear combination of the π-charges on the ortho, meta, and para carbons of ring A, an uncommon example of a quantitative relationship between molecular geometry and electron density distribution. Comparison of S(F)(BIPH(o)) with the gas-phase acidities of para-substituted benzoic acids shows that, while the deprotonating carboxylic probe is more sensitive to π-electron withdrawal than donation, the phenyl probe is equally sensitive to both. While the ability of the orthogonal biphenyl system to exchange π-electrons with the para substituent is the same as that of the benzene ring in Ph-X molecules, an increase by about 18% occurs when the conformation is changed from orthogonal to coplanar. The structural variation of the probe becomes more complicated, however. This is due to π-electron transfer from one ring to the other, which is shown to introduce quadratic terms in the regressions.
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Lörtscher E, Gotsmann B, Lee Y, Yu L, Rettner C, Riel H. Transport properties of a single-molecule diode. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4931-4939. [PMID: 22582743 DOI: 10.1021/nn300438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport through single diblock dipyrimidinyl diphenyl molecules consisting of a donor and acceptor moiety was measured in the low-bias regime and as a function of bias at different temperatures using the mechanically controllable break-junction technique. Conductance histograms acquired at 10 mV reveal two distinct peaks, separated by a factor of 1.5, representing the two orientations of the single molecule with respect to the applied bias. The current-voltage characteristics exhibit a temperature-independent rectification of up to a factor of 10 in the temperature range between 300 and 50 K with single-molecule currents of 45-70 nA at ±1.5 V. The current-voltage characteristics are discussed using a semiempirical model assuming a variable coupling of the molecular energy levels as well as a nonsymmetric voltage drop across the molecular junction, thus shifting the energy levels accordingly. The excellent agreement of the data with the proposed model suggests that the rectification originates from an asymmetric Coulomb blockade in combination with an electric-field-induced level shifting.
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Deng H, Grunder S, Cordova KE, Valente C, Furukawa H, Hmadeh M, Gandara F, Whalley AC, Liu Z, Asahina S, Kazumori H, O'Keeffe M, Terasaki O, Stoddart JF, Yaghi OM. Large-Pore Apertures in a Series of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Science 2012; 336:1018-23. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1220131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1474] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Motta C, Sánchez-Portal D, Trioni MI. Transport properties of armchair graphene nanoribbon junctions between graphene electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10683-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lörtscher E, Cho CJ, Mayor M, Tschudy M, Rettner C, Riel H. Influence of the anchor group on charge transport through single-molecule junctions. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:1677-82. [PMID: 21633997 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mu Z, Shu L, Fuchs H, Mayor M, Chi L. Two-dimensional self-assembly of linear molecular rods at the liquid/solid interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1359-1363. [PMID: 21226486 DOI: 10.1021/la1040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of a series of linear molecular rods (1-5) comprising different numbers and/or spatial arrangements of perfluorinated benzene and benzene subunits interlinked with diacetylenes in the para position and decorated with or without terminal dodecyl chains. The molecules organize themselves into well-ordered 2D crystal structures at the liquid/solid interface through intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. Whereas the molecules substituted by dodecyl chains form the lamellar structures with alternating rigid core rows and alkyl chain rows, the unsubstituted ones change the orientation of the rigid backbones with respect to the lamellar axis. The molecular arrangement is not influenced by fluoro substituents on any phenyl ring of the backbone, which suggests that the interactions between the π-conjugated backbones are dominated by close packing rather than by the dipole moments of the rods or fluorine-based intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Mu
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfaelische Wilhelm-Universitaet Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Grunder S, Muñoz Torres D, Marquardt C, Błaszczyk A, Krupke R, Mayor M. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Molecular Rods Comprising a Central Core-Substituted Naphthalenediimide Chromophore for Carbon Nanotube Junctions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hanss D, Walther ME, Wenger OS. Importance of covalence, conformational effects and tunneling-barrier heights for long-range electron transfer: Insights from dyads with oligo-p-phenylene, oligo-p-xylene and oligo-p-dimethoxybenzene bridges. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lukovskaya E, Bobylyova A, Fedorov Y, Maksimov A, Anisimov A, Fedorova O, Jonusauskas G, Fages F. Metal Ion Modulated Torsion Angle in a Ditopic Oligothiophene Ligand: Toward Supramolecular Control of π Conjugation. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3152-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tüxen J, Gerlich S, Eibenberger S, Arndt M, Mayor M. Quantum interference distinguishes between constitutional isomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4145-7. [PMID: 20458383 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matter waves, as introduced by de Broglie in 1923 (L. de Broglie, Nature, 1923, 112, 540), are a fundamental quantum phenomenon, describing the delocalized center of mass motion of massive bodies and we show here their sensitivity to the molecular structure of constitutional isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Tüxen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Grunder S, Huber R, Wu S, Schönenberger C, Calame M, Mayor M. Oligoaryl Cruciform Structures as Model Compounds for Coordination-Induced Single-Molecule Switches. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Weibel N, Mishchenko A, Wandlowski T, Neuburger M, Leroux Y, Mayor M. Catechol-Based Macrocyclic Rods: En Route to Redox-Active Molecular Switches. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vonlanthen D, Mishchenko A, Elbing M, Neuburger M, Wandlowski T, Mayor M. Chemically Controlled Conductivity: Torsion-Angle Dependence in a Single-Molecule Biphenyldithiol Junction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8886-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vonlanthen D, Mishchenko A, Elbing M, Neuburger M, Wandlowski T, Mayor M. Chemisch kontrollierte Leitfähigkeit: Torsionswinkelabhängigkeit in Biphenyldithiol-Einzelmolekülbruchkontakten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hanss D, Wenger OS. Conformational Effects on Long-Range Electron Transfer: Comparison of Oligo-p-phenylene and Oligo-p-xylene Bridges. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hansen MR, Graf R, Sekharan S, Sebastiani D. Columnar packing motifs of functionalized perylene derivatives: local molecular order despite long-range disorder. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5251-6. [PMID: 19301900 DOI: 10.1021/ja8095703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We elucidate local packing motifs and dynamical order parameters in a perylene tetracarboxydiimide derivative (C(8,7)-PDI), one of the most promising candidates for rationally designed, self-assembling, and self-healing molecular wires. Spectroscopic fingerprints obtained from solid-state NMR spectroscopy are interpreted by means of first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The interplay of steric repulsion, H bonding, and pi-pi packing effects leads to a specific relative molecular pitch angle of approximately 35 +/- 10 degrees between successive molecules in the stack. Dynamical order parameters, determined from NMR sideband patterns as a measure of molecular motion, yield values of S approximately = 1.0 in the core of the columnar stack, corresponding to an almost frozen molecular dynamics at ambient temperature. This rigidity is compatible with characteristic intermolecular distances obtained from dipolar couplings between specific hydrogens via double-quantum NMR experiments and further supported by ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Walther ME, Wenger OS. Tuning the Rates of Long-Range Charge Transfer across Phenylene Wires. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1203-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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