1
|
Prusinowska N, Czapik A, Kwit M. Chiral Triphenylacetic Acid Esters: Residual Stereoisomerism and Solid-State Variability of Molecular Architectures. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6433-6448. [PMID: 33908243 PMCID: PMC8279475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have proven the usability and versatility of chiral triphenylacetic acid esters, compounds of high structural diversity, as chirality-sensing stereodynamic probes and as molecular tectons in crystal engineering. The low energy barrier to stereoisomer interconversion has been exploited to sense the chirality of an alkyl substituent in the esters. The structural information are cascaded from the permanently chiral alcohol (inducer) to the stereodynamic chromophoric probe through cooperative interactions. The ECD spectra of triphenylacetic acid esters are highly sensitive to very small structural differences in the inducer core. The tendencies to maximize the C-H···O hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and London dispersion forces determine the way of packing molecules in the crystal lattice. The phenyl embraces of trityl groups allowed, to some extent, the control of molecular organization in the crystal. However, the spectrum of possible molecular arrangements is very broad and depends on the type of substituent, the optical purity of the sample, and the presence of a second trityl group in the proximity. Racemates crystallize as the solid solution of enantiomers, where the trityl group acts as a protecting group for the stereogenic center. Therefore, the absolute configuration of the inducer is irrelevant to the packing mode of molecules in the crystal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baghery S, Zarei M, Zolfigol MA, Mallakpour S, Behranvand V. Application of trityl moieties in chemical processes: part I. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
3
|
Górczyńska S, Brzdonkiewicz A, Jelecki M, Czapik A, Stasiak B, Kwit M. Trityl-Containing Alcohols-An Efficient Chirality Transmission Process from Inductor to the Stereodynamic Propeller and their Solid-State Structural Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030707. [PMID: 32041345 PMCID: PMC7036902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cascade process of a dynamic chirality transmission from the permanent chirality center to the stereodynamic triphenylmethyl group has been studied for series of optically active trityl derivatives. The structural analysis, carried out with the use of complementary methods, enabled us to determine the mechanism of chirality transfer. The process of chirality transmission involves a set of weak but complementary electrostatic interactions. The induction of helicity in a trityl propeller is revealed by rising non-zero cotton effects in the area of trityl UV-absorption. The presence of an additional stereogenic center in close proximity to the trityl-containing stereogenic center significantly affects the sign and, to a lesser extent, magnitude of the respective cotton effects. Despite the bulkiness of the trityl, in the crystalline phase, the molecules under study strictly fill the space. In the crystal, molecules form aggregates stabilized by OH•••O hydrogen bonds. However, the presence of two trityl groups precludes formation of OH•••O hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the trityl group seems to be responsible for the formation of the solid solutions by e.g., racemates of trans- and cis-2-tritylcyclohexanol. Therefore, the trityl group acts as a supramolecular protective group, which in turn can be used in the crystal engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Górczyńska
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Brzdonkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Maciej Jelecki
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Stasiak
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiral Cocrystal Solid Solutions, Molecular Complexes, and Salts of N-Triphenylacetyl-l-Tyrosine and Diamines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205004. [PMID: 31658607 PMCID: PMC6829379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular recognition process and the ability to form multicomponent supramolecular systems have been investigated for the amide of triphenylacetic acid and l-tyrosine (N-triphenylacetyl-l-tyrosine, TrCOTyr). The presence of several supramolecular synthons within the same amide molecule allows the formation of various multicomponent crystals, where TrCOTyr serves as a chiral host. Isostructural crystals of solvates with methanol and ethanol and a series of binary crystalline molecular complexes with selected organic diamines (1,5-naphthyridine, quinoxaline, 4,4′-bipyridyl, and DABCO) were obtained. The structures of the crystals were planned based on non-covalent interactions (O–H···N or N–H+···O− hydrogen bonds) present in a basic structural motif, which is a heterotrimeric building block consisting of two molecules of the host and one molecule of the guest. The complex of TrCOTyr with DABCO is an exception. The anionic dimers built off the TrCOTyr molecules form a supramolecular gutter, with trityl groups located on the edge and filled by DABCO cationic dimers. Whereas most of the racemic mixtures crystallize as racemic crystals or as conglomerates, the additional tests carried out for racemic N-triphenylacetyl-tyrosine (rac-TrCOTyr) showed that the compound crystallizes as a solid solution of enantiomers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prusinowska N, Czapik A, Wojciechowska M, Kwit M. Dynamic optical activity induction in the N-alkyl-N'-trityl ureas and thioureas. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7782-7793. [PMID: 31402354 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Considered to be rigid, the urea and thiourea functionalities, often used in material chemistry and in asymmetric organocatalysis, are able to transmit information regarding 3D structure from a permanently chiral inducer part to a dynamically chiral (reporter) part of the molecule. Despite a considerable distance between the inducer and the reporter parts of the molecule, the chirality transfer phenomenon has been demonstrated for a series of secondary N-alkyl-N'-trityl ureas and thioureas. The induction of helicity in a stereodynamic trityl propeller is revealed by rising non-zero Cotton effects in the area of trityl absorption. The information regarding the 3D structure of the inducer is transferred to the reporter part of the system through a set of weak but complementary electrostatic interactions. The presence of two supramolecular motifs in the same molecule, characterized by opposite properties, significantly affected the molecular solid state structure of the thioureas and their abilities to assemble. In the crystalline phase, the model, a chiral N-tert-butyl-thiourea derivative that retains the extended Z,Z conformation of the linker, is prone to form a supramolecular network typical of secondary ureas and thioureas. In contrast, the presence of the hydrophobic trityl group suppresses the thioamide NHS[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonds. Therefore, trityl acts as a supramolecular protecting group for thioamide functionality, hampering the formation of hydrogen bonded networks in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland. and Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland. and Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Martika Wojciechowska
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland. and Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular and supramolecular helicity induction in trityl group-containing compounds: The case of chiral 3,3,3-triphenylpropionic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Mądry T, Czapik A, Kwit M. Optical Activity and Helicity Enhancement of Highly Sensitive Dinaphthylmethane-Based Stereodynamic Probes for Secondary Alcohols. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3244-3256. [PMID: 31459541 PMCID: PMC6648851 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality transfer from circular dichroism (CD)-silent secondary alcohol (inductor) to the stereodynamic bichromophoric di(1-naphthyl)methane probe (reporter) led to the generation of intense, induced exciton-type Cotton effects (CEs) in the ultraviolet-visible absorption region. The di(1-naphthyl)methane probe exhibits extraordinarily high sensitivity to even small structural variations of the alcohol skeleton, that is, the probe is able to distinguish between an oxygen atom and a methylene group in a 3-hydroxytetrahydrofurane skeleton. Signs and amplitudes of the exciton couplets of 1Bb electronic transition might be correlated with the type of stereo-differentiating parts of the molecule flanking the stereogenic center, however, not with the absolute configuration. The origin of the induced CEs was established by means of experimental and theoretical methods. As a result, a mechanism of chirality transfer from the permanent stereogenic center to the bichromophore is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mądry
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Umultowska
89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Umultowska
89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bendzińska-Berus W, Jelecki M, Kwit M, Rychlewska U. Transfer of chirality in N-triphenylacetylamino acids and chiral derivatives of N-triphenylacetyl Gly–Gly dipeptide and control of their assembly with steric constraints. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-triphenylacetyl group is utilized as a reporter of chirality and as a supramolecular protecting group for α-amino acid and peptide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Jelecki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grajewski J, Mądry T, Kwit M, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Gawroński J. Benzhydryl Ethers of Tartaric Acid Derivatives: Stereochemical Response of a Dynamically Chiral Propeller. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2197-2207. [PMID: 28544199 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The benzhydryl (diphenylmethyl) group is a molecular propeller that can act as a chirality reporter if it is introduced nearby a stereogenic center by making an ether bond. The hydrophobic character of the benzhydryl group allows transformation of insoluble natural tartaric acid derivatives into soluble entities in a nonpolar environment. Electronic circular dichroism spectra, recorded within the short-wavelength region of the phenyl 1 B transitions (190-200 nm) shows strong bisignate Cotton effects. The signs and magnitudes of these Cotton effects are a function of absolute configuration and conformation of the molecule and do not primarily arise from exciton coupling of chiral benzhydryl chromophores. In crystals, the main-chain conformation is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and CH-CO dipolar interactions. The number of the donor NH groups has a pronounced effect on the preferred conformations and inclusion properties of benzhydryl-(R,R)-tartaric acid diamides. Evidence is shown for the solvent dependency of the conformations of NH amides of tartaric acid diphenylmethyl ethers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Grajewski
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mądry
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Gawroński
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shahsavari S, Chen J, Wigstrom T, Gooding J, Gauronskas A, Fang S. Tritylation of Alcohols under Mild Conditions without Using Silver Salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:3877-3880. [PMID: 28042179 PMCID: PMC5193390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary alcohols were conveniently tritylated under mild conditions within a short running time with tritylium trifluoroacetate generated in situ from trityl alcohols and trifluoroacetic anhydride. No expensive silver salts were needed for the reactions. Four secondary alcohols were tritylated with both mono- and dimethoxy trityl alcohols giving good to excellent isolated yields. The reaction was also tested on four nucleoside derivatives that have primary alcohols. Satisfactory results were also obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Travis Wigstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - James Gooding
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Alexander Gauronskas
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Shiyue Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prusinowska N, Bendzińska-Berus W, Szymkowiak J, Warżajtis B, Gajewy J, Jelecki M, Rychlewska U, Kwit M. Double helicity induction in chiral bis(triphenylacetamides). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicity induction in a highly flexible trityl chromophore is not only due to the presence of the neighboring stereogenic center(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT)
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gajewy
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT)
| | - Maciej Jelecki
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT)
| | | | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prusinowska N, Bendzińska-Berus W, Jelecki M, Rychlewska U, Kwit M. Triphenylacetic Acid Amides: Molecular Propellers with Induced Chirality. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|