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Hayashi S, Kato T, Sugibayashi Y, Nakanishi W. Dynamic and Static Nature of XH-∗-π and YX-∗-π (X = F, Cl, Br, and I; Y = X and F) in the Distorted π-System of Corannulene Elucidated with QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104219. [PMID: 37241959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and static nature of the XH-∗-π and YX-∗-π (X = F, Cl, Br, and I; Y = X and F) interactions in the distorted π-system of corannulene (π(C20H10)) is elucidated with a QTAIM dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA), where asterisks emphasize the presence of bond critical points (BCPs) on the interactions. The static and dynamic nature originates from the data of the fully optimized and perturbed structures, respectively, in QTAIM-DFA. On the convex side, H in F-H-∗-π(C20H10) and each X in Y-X-∗-π(C20H10) join to C of the central five-membered ring in π(C20H10) through a bond path (BP), while each H in X-H-∗-π(C20H10) does so to the midpoint of C=C in the central five-membered ring for X = Cl, Br, or I. On the concave side, each X in F-X-∗-π(C20H10) also joins to C of the central five-membered ring with a BP for X = H, Cl, Br, and I; however, the interactions in other adducts are more complex than those on the convex side. Both H and X in X-H-∗-π(C20H10) (X = Cl and Br) and both Fs in F-F-∗-π(C20H10) connect to the three C atoms in each central five-membered ring (with three BPs). Two, three, and five BPs were detected for the Cl-Cl, I-H, Br-Br, and I-I adducts, where some BPs do not stay on the central five-membered ring in π(C20H10). The interactions are predicted to have a vdW to CT-MC nature. The interactions on the concave side seem weaker than those on the convex side for X-H-∗-π(C20H10), whereas the inverse trend is observed for Y-X-∗-π(C20H10) as a whole. The nature of the interactions in the π(C20H10) adducts of the convex and concave sides is examined in more detail, employing the adducts with X-H and F-X placed on their molecular axis together with the π(C24H12) and π(C6H6) adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kato
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugibayashi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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Luo J, Dai H, Zeng C, Wu D, Cao M. A Theoretical Study of the Halogen Bond between Heteronuclear Halogen and Benzene. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228078. [PMID: 36432179 PMCID: PMC9692316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonds play an important role in many fields, such as biological systems, drug design and crystal engineering. In this work, the structural characteristics of the halogen bond between heteronuclear halogen XD (ClF, BrCl, IBr, ICl, BrF and IF) and benzene were studied using density functional theory. The structures of the complexes between heteronuclear halogen and benzene have Cs symmetry. The interaction energies of the complexes between heteronuclear halogen XD (ClF, BrCl, IBr, ICl, BrF and IF) and benzene range from -27.80 to -37.18 kJ/mol, increasing with the increases in the polarity between the atoms of X and D, and are proportional to the angles of a between the Z axis and the covalent bond of heteronuclear halogen. The electron density (ρ) and corresponding Laplacian (∇2ρ) values indicate that the interaction of the heteronuclear halogen and benzene is a typical long-range weak interaction similar to a hydrogen bond. Independent gradient model analysis suggests that the van der Waals is the main interaction between the complexes of heteronuclear halogen and benzene. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory analysis suggests that the electrostatic interaction is the dominant part in the complexes of C6H6⋯ClF, C6H6⋯ICl, C6H6⋯BrF and C6H6⋯IF, and the dispersion interaction is the main part in the complexes of C6H6⋯BrCl, C6H6⋯IBr.
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Hayashi S, Nishide T, Tanaka E, Nakanishi W. Intrinsic Dynamic and Static Nature of Halogen Bonding in Neutral Polybromine Clusters, with the Structural Feature Elucidated by QTAIM Dual-Functional Analysis and MO Calculations. Molecules 2021; 26:2936. [PMID: 34069291 PMCID: PMC8157170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic dynamic and static nature of noncovalent Br-∗-Br interactions in neutral polybromine clusters is elucidated for Br4-Br12, applying QTAIM dual-functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA). The asterisk (∗) emphasizes the existence of the bond critical point (BCP) on the interaction in question. Data from the fully optimized structures correspond to the static nature of the interactions. The intrinsic dynamic nature originates from those of the perturbed structures generated using the coordinates derived from the compliance constants for the interactions and the fully optimized structures. The noncovalent Br-∗-Br interactions in the L-shaped clusters of the Cs symmetry are predicted to have the typical hydrogen bond nature without covalency, although the first ones in the sequences have the vdW nature. The L-shaped clusters are stabilized by the n(Br)→σ*(Br-Br) interactions. The compliance constants for the corresponding noncovalent interactions are strongly correlated to the E(2) values based on NBO. Indeed, the MO energies seem not to contribute to stabilizing Br4 (C2h) and Br4 (D2d), but the core potentials stabilize them, relative to the case of 2Br2; this is possibly due to the reduced nuclear-electron distances, on average, for the dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan; (T.N.); (E.T.)
| | | | | | - Waro Nakanishi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan; (T.N.); (E.T.)
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Nishide T, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W. Intrinsic Dynamic Nature of Neutral Hydrogen Bonds Elucidated with QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis: Role of the Compliance Force Constants and QTAIM-DFA Parameters in Stability. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:565-575. [PMID: 30094124 PMCID: PMC6077874 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and static nature of various neutral hydrogen bonds (nHBs) is elucidated with quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA). The perturbed structures generated by using the coordinates derived from the compliance force constants (Cij ) of internal vibrations are employed for QTAIM-DFA. The method is called CIV. The dynamic nature of CIV is described as the "intrinsic dynamic nature", as the coordinates are invariant to the choice of the coordinate system. nHBs are, for example, predicted to be van der Waals (H2Se-✶-HSeH; ✶=bond critical point), t-HBnc (typical-HBs with no covalency: HI-✶-HI), t-HBwc (t-HBs with covalency: H2C=O-✶-HI), CT-MC [molecular complex formation through charge transfer (CT): H2C=O-✶-HF], and CT-TBP (trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through CT: H3N-✶-HI) in nature. The results with CIV were the same as those with POM in the calculation errors, for which the perturbed structures were generated by partial optimization, and the interaction distances in question were fixed suitably in POM. The highly excellent applicability of CIV for QTAIM-DFA was demonstrated for the various nHBs, as well as for the standard interactions previously reported. The stability of the HBs, evaluated by ΔE, is well correlated with Cij (ΔE×Cij =constant value of -165.64), and the QTAIM parameters, although a few deviations were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nishide
- Wakayama UniversityFaculty of Systems EngineeringWakayamaJapan
| | - Satoko Hayashi
- Wakayama UniversityFaculty of Systems EngineeringWakayamaJapan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Wakayama UniversityFaculty of Systems EngineeringWakayamaJapan
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Hayashi S, Sugibayashi Y, Nakanishi W. Behaviour of the XH-*-π and YX-*-π interactions (X, Y = F, Cl, Br and I) in the coronene π-system, as elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis with QC calculations. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16349-16361. [PMID: 35542236 PMCID: PMC9080335 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and static nature of XH-*-π and YX-*-π in the coronene π-system (π(C24H12)) is elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis, where * emphasizes the presence of bond critical points (BCPs) in the interactions. The nature of the interactions is elucidated by analysing the plots of the total electron energy densities H b(r c) versus H b(r c) - V b(r c)/2 [=(ħ 2/8m)∇2 ρ b(r c)] for the interactions at BCPs, where V b(r c) are the potential energy densities at the BCPs. The data for the perturbed structures around the fully optimized structures are employed for the plots in addition to those of the fully optimized structures. The plots are analysed using the polar coordinate of (R, θ) for the data of the fully optimized structures, while those containing the perturbed structures are analysed using (θ p, κ p), where θ p corresponds to the tangent line of each plot and κ p is the curvature. Whereas (R, θ) show the static nature, (θ p, κ p) represent the dynamic nature of the interactions. All interactions in X-H-*-π(C24H12) (X = F, Cl, Br and I) and Y-X-*-π(C24H12) (Y-X = F-F, Cl-Cl, Br-Br, I-I, F-Cl, F-Br and F-I) are classified by pure CS (closed shell) interactions and are characterized as having the vdW nature, except for X-H = F-H and Y-X = F-Cl, F-Br and F-I, which show the typical-HB nature without covalency. The structural features of the complexes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan +81 73 457 8253 +81 73 457 8252
| | - Yuji Sugibayashi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan +81 73 457 8253 +81 73 457 8252
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan +81 73 457 8253 +81 73 457 8252
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Tsubomoto Y, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W, Mapp LK, Coles SJ. High-resolution X-ray diffraction determination of the electron density of 1-(8-PhSC 10H 6)SS(C 10H 6SPh-8')-1' with the QTAIM approach: evidence for S 4 σ(4c-6e) at the naphthalene peri-positions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9651-9660. [PMID: 35540809 PMCID: PMC9078645 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13636f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An extended hypervalent S4 σ(4c-6e) system was confirmed for the linear BS-∗-AS-∗-AS-∗-BS interaction in 1-(8-PhBSC10H6)AS-AS(C10H6 BSPh-8')-1' (1) via high-resolution X-ray diffraction determination of electron densities. The presence of bond critical points (BCPs; ∗) on the bond paths confirms the nature and extent of this interaction. The recently developed QTAIM dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) approach was also applied to elucidate the nature of the interaction. Total electron energy densities H b( r c) were plotted versus H b( r c) - V b( r c)/2 for the interaction at the BCPs, where V b( r c) represents the potential energy densities at the BCP. The results indicate that although the data for an interaction in the fully optimized structure corresponds to a static nature, the data obtained for the perturbed structures around it represent the dynamic nature of the interaction in QTAIM-DFA. The former classifies the interaction and the latter characterises it. Although AS-∗-AS in 1 is classified by a shared shell interaction and exhibits weak covalent character, AS-∗-BS is characterized as having typical hydrogen-bond nature with covalent properties in the region of the regular closed shell interactions. The experimental results are supported by matching theoretical calculations throughout, particularly for the extended hypervalent E4 σ(4c-6e) (E = S) interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tsubomoto
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan +81 73 457 8253 +81 73 457 8252
| | - Satoko Hayashi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan +81 73 457 8253 +81 73 457 8252
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan +81 73 457 8253 +81 73 457 8252
| | - Lucy K Mapp
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK +44 (0)2380596721
| | - Simon J Coles
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK +44 (0)2380596721
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Behavior of the E-E' Bonds (E, E' = S and Se) in Glutathione Disulfide and Derivatives Elucidated by Quantum Chemical Calculations with the Quantum Theory of Atoms-in-Molecules Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020443. [PMID: 29462964 PMCID: PMC6017556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the E–E’ bonds (E, E’ = S and Se) in glutathione disulfide (1) and derivatives 2–3, respectively, was elucidated by applying quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA), to clarify the basic contribution of E–E’ in the biological redox process, such as the glutathione peroxidase process. Five most stable conformers a–e were obtained, after applying the Monte-Carlo method then structural optimizations. In QTAIM-DFA, total electron energy densities Hb(rc) are plotted versus Hb(rc) − Vb(rc)/2 at bond critical points (BCPs), where Vb(rc) are potential energy densities at BCPs. Data from the fully optimized structures correspond to the static nature. Those containing perturbed structures around the fully optimized one in the plot represent the dynamic nature of interactions. The behavior of E–E’ was examined carefully. Whereas E–E’ in 1a–3e were all predicted to have the weak covalent nature of the shared shell interactions, two different types of S–S were detected in 1, depending on the conformational properties. Contributions from the intramolecular non-covalent interactions to stabilize the conformers were evaluated. An inverse relationship was observed between the stability of a conformer and the strength of E–E’ in the conformer, of which reason was discussed.
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Hayashi S, Nagata K, Otsuki S, Nakanishi W. Linear Four-Chalcogen Interactions in Radical Cationic and Dicationic Dimers of 1,5-(Dichalcogena)canes: Nature of the Interactions Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis with QC Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2482-2496. [PMID: 28257204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic and static nature of extended hypervalent interactions of the BE···AE···AE···BE type are elucidated for four center-seven electron interactions (4c-7e) in the radical cationic dimers (1·+) and 4c-6e in the dicationic dimers (12+) of 1,5-(dichalcogena)canes (2: AE(CH2CH2CH2)2BE: AE, BE = S, Se, Te, and O). The quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) is applied for the analysis. Total electron energy densities Hb(rc) are plotted versus Hb(rc) - Vb(rc)/2 [= (ℏ2/8m)∇2ρb(rc)] at bond critical points (BCPs) of the interactions, where Vb(rc) values show potential energy densities at BCPs. Data from the fully optimized structures correspond to the static nature of the interactions. Those from the perturbed structures around the fully optimized ones are also plotted, in addition to those of the fully optimized ones, which represent the dynamic nature of interactions. The BE···AE-AE···BE interactions in 12+ are stronger than the corresponding ones in 1·+, respectively. On the one hand, for 12+ with AE, BE = S, Se, and Te, AE···AE are all classified by the shared shell interactions and predicted to have the weak covalent nature, except for those in 1a2+ (AE = BE = S) and 1d2+ (AE = BE = Se), which have the nature of regular closed shell (r-CS)/trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through charge transfer (CT-TBP). On the other hand, AE···BE are predicted to have the nature of r-CS/molecular complex formation through charge transfer for 1a2+, 1b2+ (AE = Se; BE = S), and 1d2+ or r-CS/CT-TBP for 1c2+ (AE = Te; BE = S), 1e2+ (AE = Te; BE = Se), and 1f2+ (AE = BE = Te). The BE···AE-AE···BE interactions in 1·+ and 12+ are well-analyzed by applying QTAIM-DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagata
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Shota Otsuki
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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Tsubomoto Y, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N. Nature ofE2X2σ(4c–6e) of theX---E—E---Xtype at naphthalene 1,8-positions and model, elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis and QC calculations with the QTAIM approach. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:265-275. [DOI: 10.1107/s205252061700364x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The nature ofE2X2σ(4c–6e) of theX-*-E-*-E-*-Xtype is elucidated for 1-(8-XC10H6)E–E(C10H6X-8′)-1′ [(1)E,X= S, Cl; (2) S, Br; (3) Se, Cl; (4) Se, Br] after structural determination of (1), (3) and (4), together with modelA[MeX---E(H)—E(H)---XMe (E= S and Se;X= Cl and Br)]. The quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) is applied. The total electron energy densitiesHb(rc) are plottedversus Hb(rc) –Vb(rc)/2 for the interactions at the bond critical points (BCPs; *), whereVb(rc) show the potential energy densities at the BCPs. Data for the perturbed structures around the fully optimized structures are employed for the plots, in addition to those of the fully optimized structures. The plots were analysed using the polar coordinate (R, θ) representation of the data of the fully optimized structures. Data containing the perturbed structures were analysed by (θp, κp), where θpcorresponds to the tangent line of the plot and κpis the curvature. Whereas (R, θ) shows the static nature, (θp, κp) represents the dynamic nature of interactions.E-*-Eare all classified as shared shell (S) interactions for (1)–(4) and as weak covalent (Cov-w) in nature (S/Cov-w). The nature ofpureCS (closed shell)/typical-HB (hydrogen bond) with no covalency is predicted forE-*-Xin (1) and (3),regularCS/typical-HB nature with covalency is predicted for (4), and an intermediate nature is predicted for (2). The NBO energies evaluated forE-*-Xin (1)–(4) are substantially larger than those in modelAdue the shortened length at the naphthalene 1,8-positions. The nature ofE2X2of σ(4c–6e) is well elucidatedviaQTAIM-DFA.
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Matsuiwa K, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W. Dynamic and Static Behavior of Intramolecular π-π Interactions in [2.2]- and [3.3]Cyclophanes, Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis with QC Calculations. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsuiwa
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry; Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University; 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan
| | - Satoko Hayashi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry; Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University; 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry; Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University; 930 Sakaedani Wakayama 640-8510 Japan
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Hayashi S, Sugibayashi Y, Nakanishi W. Behavior of interactions between hydrogen chalcogenides and an anthracene π-system elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis with QC calculations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04224h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the interactions between chalcogenides and the anthracene p-system, EH2-*-p(C14H10), is predicted to be close to that of EH2-*-p(C10H8), although the partial structures around the central rings can be found in EH2-*-p(C6H6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama
- 640-8510 Japan
| | - Yuji Sugibayashi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama
- 640-8510 Japan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama
- 640-8510 Japan
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Nakanishi W, Tsubomoto Y, Hayashi S. Nature of S2Se2 σ(4c–6e) at naphthalene 1,8-positions and models, elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of BE–*–AE–*–AE–*–BE σ(4c–6e) is primarily elucidated at naphthalene 1,8-positions: while the weak covalent nature is predicted for all AE–*–AE, the HB nature with covalency or the CT-MC (MC formation through CT) nature is for AE–*–BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waro Nakanishi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510
- Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsubomoto
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510
- Japan
| | - Satoko Hayashi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510
- Japan
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