1
|
Ebert M, Lange A, Müller M, Wuckert E, Gießelmann F, Klamroth T, Zens A, Taubert A, Laschat S. Counterion effects on the mesomorphic and electrochemical properties of guanidinium salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11988-12002. [PMID: 38573315 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) combine the ion mobility of ionic liquids with the order and self-assembly of thermotropic mesophases. To understand the role of the anion in ILCs, wedge-shaped arylguanidinium salts with tetradecyloxy side chains were chosen as benchmark systems and their liquid crystalline self-assembly in the bulk phase as well as their electrochemical behavior in solution were studied depending on the anion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) experiments revealed that for spherical anions, the phase width of the hexagonal columnar mesophase increased with the anion size, while for non-spherical anions, the trends were less clear cut. Depending on the anion, the ILCs showed different stability towards electrochemical oxidation and reduction with the most stable being the PF6 based compound. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a possible contribution of the guanidinium cation to the oxidation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Alyna Lange
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Eugen Wuckert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Frank Gießelmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Tillmann Klamroth
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kashnik IV, Yang B, Yarovoi SS, Sukhikh TS, Cordier M, Taupier G, Brylev KA, Bouit PA, Molard Y. Luminescent Supramolecular Ionic Frameworks based on Organic Fluorescent Polycations and Polyanionic Phosphorescent Metal Clusters. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400079. [PMID: 38284133 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Emissive ionic supramolecular frameworks are designed by associating tetraphenylethylene-based tetra-cationic units and di-anionic molybdenum or tetra-anionic rhenium octahedral clusters. Obtained structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The emission properties of the hybrids were investigated as dry powders or in various solvents by one photon and two photon absorption leading to a O2 concentration dependent luminescence color for the Mo based hybrid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Kashnik
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -, UMR 6226, ScanMAT -, UAR 2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Binying Yang
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -, UMR 6226, ScanMAT -, UAR 2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Spartak S Yarovoi
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Taisiya S Sukhikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marie Cordier
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -, UMR 6226, ScanMAT -, UAR 2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Grégory Taupier
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -, UMR 6226, ScanMAT -, UAR 2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Konstantin A Brylev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bouit
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -, UMR 6226, ScanMAT -, UAR 2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Molard
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -, UMR 6226, ScanMAT -, UAR 2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie J, Li W, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Chen S, Song Q. Unlocking Diverse π-Bond Enrichment Frameworks by the Synthesis and Conversion of Boronated Phenyldiethynylethylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10167-10176. [PMID: 38536043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The π-bond enrichment frameworks not only serve as a crucial building block in organic synthesis but also assume a pivotal role in the fields of materials science, biomedicine, photochemistry, and other related disciplines owing to their distinctive structural characteristics. The incorporation of various substituents into the C═C double bonds of tetrasubstituted alkenes is currently a highly significant research area. However, the synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes with diverse substituents on double bonds poses a significant challenge in achieving stereoselectivity. Here, we reported an efficient and convergent route of Cu-catalyzed borylalkynylation of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes, B2pin2, and acetylene bromide to the construction of boronated phenyldiethynylethylene (BPDEE) derivatives with excellent chemo-, stereo-, and regioselectivities. BPDEE derivatives could transform into novel tetrasubstituted organic π-conjugated gem-diphenyldiethynylethylene (DPDEE), vinylphenyldiethynylethylene (VPDEE), and phenyltriethynylethylene (PTEE) derivatives by a stepwise process, which provides a flexible platform for the synthesis of complex π-bond enrichment frameworks that were difficult to synthesize by previous methods. The initial optical characterization revealed that the synthesized molecules exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, which further establishes the groundwork for future applications and enriches and advances the field of functional π-conjugated frameworks research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yanping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yanying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shanglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hogan DT, Sutherland TC. Multiple aggregates from multiple polymorphs: structural and mechanistic insight into organic dye aggregates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10327-10334. [PMID: 35822504 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This case study provides evidence for the appearance of multiple aggregation forms of a single organic dye, arising from its packing polymorphs in the solid state. Each aggregate can be spectroscopically matched to one polymorph, acquiring nanoscopic structural information even in the absence of conventional H- or J-type aggregation spectral features. The conversion from one polymorphic aggregate to another supports the action of Ostwald's rule of stages in organic aggregates suspended in solution. Mechanistically, dye molecules from one aggregate dissociate then renucleate the more stable aggregate form, the first demonstration for an aggregation-induced emission-active organic dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Todd C Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kapernaum N, Lange A, Ebert M, Grunwald MA, Haege C, Marino S, Zens A, Taubert A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Current Topics in Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100397. [PMID: 34931472 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs), that is, ionic liquids exhibiting mesomorphism, liquid crystalline phases, and anisotropic properties, have received intense attention in the past years. Among others, this is due to their special properties arising from the combination of properties stemming from ionic liquids and from liquid crystalline arrangements. Besides interesting fundamental aspects, ILCs have been claimed to have tremendous application potential that again arises from the combination of properties and architectures that are not accessible otherwise, or at least not accessible easily by other strategies. The current review highlights recent developments in ILC research, starting with some key fundamental aspects. Further subjects covered include the synthesis and variations of modern ILCs, including the specific tuning of their mesomorphic behavior. The review concludes with reflections on some applications that may be within reach for ILCs and finally highlights a few key challenges that must be overcome prior and during true commercialization of ILCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alyna Lange
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marco A Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Haege
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marino
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berthiot R, Giudice N, Douce L. Luminescent Imidazolium Salts as Bright Multi‐Faceted Tools for Biology. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Berthiot
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Giudice
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Laurent Douce
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo H, Yu Q, Xiong Y, Yang F. Room-temperature AIE ionic liquid crystals based on diphenylacrylonitrile-imidazole salts. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10368-10376. [PMID: 33053002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although various AIE liquid crystals have been studied, AIE ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) are almost unknown to date. In this work, a series of novel AIE ILCs based on diphenylacrylonitrile-imidazole salts bridged by soft spacers with different anions were prepared in yields of 63-80%. The mesomorphic, photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated systematically to elucidate the relationship between structures and properties. The results implied that they were the first room-temperature AIE ILCs with wide ranges of mesomorphic temperature, good fluorescence emission in both the solid state and mesophase, and stable electrochemical behaviour. The samples with one alkyl chain possessed the SmA2 mesophase while the samples with two alkyl chains prefered the Colh mesophase. The larger anions resulted in the bigger layer spacing length for the SmA2 mesophase and smaller values of ncell in each slice of Colh mesophase. The fluorescence quantum yields in the mesophase maintained reasonable values (0.15-0.22), which decreased a little in comparison with that in solid films (0.18-0.26) due to the orderly molecular stacking in the mesophase. The cyclic voltammetry experiments confirmed that all of them possessed similar and stable electrochemical behaviour. This research not only presented the first room-temperature AIE ILCs with excellent mesomorphic, photophysical and electrochemical properties, but also elucidated the relationship between structures and properties to a certain degree, contributing to the further construction of novel AIE ILCs with excellent mesomorphic, photophysical and electrochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salikolimi K, Sudhakar AA, Ishida Y. Functional Ionic Liquid Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11702-11731. [PMID: 32927953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals have emerged as a new class of functional soft materials in the last two decades, and they exhibit synergistic characteristics of ionic liquids and liquid crystals such as macroscopic orientability, miscibility with various species, phase stability, nanostructural tunability, and polar nanochannel formation. Owing to these characteristics, the structures, properties, and functions of ionic liquid crystals have been a hot topic in materials chemistry, finding various applications including host frameworks for guest binding, separation membranes, ion-/proton-conducting membranes, reaction media, and optoelectronic materials. Although several excellent review articles of ionic liquid crystals have been published recently, they mainly focused on the fundamental aspects, structures, and specific properties of ionic liquid crystals, while these applications of ionic liquid crystals have not yet been discussed at one time. The aim of this feature article is to provide an overview of the applications of ionic liquid crystals in a comprehensive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|