1
|
Liu Z, Fang JJ, Wang ZY, Xie YP, Lu X. Assembly of Copper Alkynyl Clusters into Dimensionally Diverse Coordinated Polymers Mediated by Pyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38838348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Surface ligands play crucial roles in modifying the properties of metal nanoclusters and stabilizing atomically precise structures, and also serve as vital linkers for constructing cluster-based coordination polymers. In this study, we present the results of the solvothermal synthesis of eight novel copper alkynyl clusters incorporating pyridine ligands using a one-pot method. The resulting compounds underwent characterization through elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). Our observations revealed that distinct pyridine ligands with varying lengths and coordination sites exert significant influence on the structure and dimensionality of the clusters. The structural diversity of these clusters led to the formation of one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or dimer arrangements linked by seven pyridine bridging ligands. Remarkably, these complexes exhibited unique UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence properties, which were influenced by the specific bridging ligand and structural framework. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated the capability of the conjugated system in the pyridine ligand to impact the band gap of clusters. This study not only unveils the inherent structural diversity in coordination polymers based on copper alkynyl clusters but also offers valuable insights into harnessing ligand engineering for structural and property modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun-Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yun-Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, No. 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mandal P, Panda AN. Contrasting the excited state properties of different conformers of trans- and cis-2,2'-bipyridine oligomers in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2646-2656. [PMID: 38174437 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we present conformation-dependent photophysical and excited state properties of trans- and cis- BPY oligomers. Oligomers up to tetramers for three conformers, namely, o-, m-, and p-, are constructed and optimized at the B3LYP-D3/def2-SVPD level. The photophysical and excited state properties are interpreted in terms of UV and CD spectra at the RI-ADC(2)/def2-TZVPD level. The UV spectra of oligomers of the m-conformer show high-intensity and red-shifted UV bands compared to o- and p-oligomers. The CD spectra of p-oligomers show intense CD bands compared to o- and p-oligomers in the case of trans-structures. In contrast, oligomers of each conformer of cis-structures show high-intensity CD bands. The excited states of (BPY)2 and (BPY)4 are also characterized by analysis of one-electron transition density matrix considering three descriptors: ωCT, dexc, and PRNTO. The ωCT values of dimers are in the range of 0.06-0.32, which indicates the excited states are mainly LE states, whereas, for (BPY)4, the ωCT values range from 0.17 to 0.53, indicating the possibility of partial CT in the excited states. These observations are also explained using the NTOs and e-h correlation plots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tomás FMA, Calvo NL, Vega NC, Vieyra FEM, Vega DR, Comedi D, Katz NE, Fagalde F. Syntheses, characterization, crystal structures and applications as sensitizers in solar cells of novel heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes containing nitrile-substituted 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:808-819. [PMID: 38087997 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02777e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Two novel Cu(I) tetradentate heteroleptic complexes, including nitrile-substituted bipyridines that can be anchored to semiconductor surfaces to be assembled in DSSCs, were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The crystal structures of both species were determined by X-ray diffraction. Results from DFT and TD-DFT calculations were found to be consistent with the experimental data. Emission at room temperature was observed for both complexes in the solid state, making them promising alternatives for the development of light-emitting diodes. We report for the first time the experimental evidence of photovoltaic conversion devices formed by Cu(I) complexes anchored to a TiO2 surface by means of nitrile groups present in substituted bipyridines, and subsequently tested as sensitizers for DSSCs, obtaining efficiency values for light to electrical energy conversion similar to those previously reported for analogous complexes with anchoring carboxylic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico M A Tomás
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Natalia L Calvo
- IQUIR (CONICET-UNR) Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nadia C Vega
- INFINOA (CONICET-UNT) y Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, UNT, Av. Independencia 1800, T4002BLR, S. M. de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Daniel R Vega
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, GIyA, CAC, CNEA, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Comedi
- INFINOA (CONICET-UNT) y Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, UNT, Av. Independencia 1800, T4002BLR, S. M. de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Néstor E Katz
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Fagalde
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Bruecker L, Filez M, Van Speybroeck V. On the Prediction of Spectroscopic Fingerprints of Co 2+ Complexes Relevant for the ZIF Nucleation Process. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16304-16322. [PMID: 37753934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation process of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) is to date not completely understood. Recently, it has been found that, during the formation of Co-ZIF-67, after mixing imidazole-type ligands with octahedral precursors containing oxygen-coordinated ligands, a metal-organic pool with a diversity of transition metal complexes (TMCs) is formed showing fingerprints of octahedral and tetrahedral Co2+ complexes with both types of ligands [Filez, M. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 2021, 2, 100680]. In order to further unravel this process, we aim to characterize the d-d transitions of the TMCs and focus on their number, intensity, and position, which change during the process and can thus serve as a fingerprint for the formed species. It was previously shown that the number of ligands and symmetry has a detrimental influence on the ground state properties of Co2+ TMCs. Herein, we investigate how far excited state properties of TMCs relevant during nanoporous formation processes can be predicted by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and ligand field density functional theory (LFDFT). As TMCs are known to be challenging systems with possibly degenerate ground states and double excitations, we first investigate the performance of both techniques on first-row octahedral aqua-complexes. With this knowledge, we then focus on tetrahedral Co2+ complexes with aqua and imidazole-type ligands in order to investigate in how far we can propose a spectroscopic fingerprint that allows us to follow the Co2+ complexes during the formation of Co-ZIF-67. The results of TDDFT and LFDFT are qualitatively in agreement and provide complementary information. We found that various features can be used to distinguish between the species. However, as LFDFT is not suited for TMCs possessing the extended imidazole-type ligands and double and spin-flip states are not included in TDDFT, both techniques need to be complemented with more advanced methods to obtain complete insight into the d-d excitations of TMCs with imidazole ligands. Therefore, we particularly explored ab initio ligand field theory, which is capable of describing double excitations and is, in contrast to LFDFT, suitable for TMCs with extended ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth De Bruecker
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Matthias Filez
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Bruecker L, Everaert J, Van Der Voort P, Stevens CV, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Structural and Photophysical Properties of Various Polypyridyl Ligands: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2489-2505. [PMID: 32914533 PMCID: PMC7756581 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with polypyridyl ligands are very promising supports to anchor photocatalytic complexes. Herein, we investigate the photophysical properties of a series of ligands which vary by the extent of the aromatic system, the nitrogen content and their topologies to aid in selecting interesting building blocks for CTFs. Interestingly, some linkers have a rotational degree of freedom, allowing both a trans and cis structure, where only the latter allows anchoring. Therefore, the influence of the dihedral angle on the UV-Vis spectrum is studied. The photophysical properties are investigated by a combined computational and experimental study. Theoretically, both static and molecular dynamics simulations are performed to deduce ground- and excited state properties based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. The position of the main absorption peak shifts towards higher wavelengths for an increased size of the π-system and a higher π-electron deficiency. We found that the position of the main absorption peak among the different ligands studied in this work can amount to 271 nm; which has a significant impact on the photophysical properties of the ligands. This broad range of shifts allows modulation of the electronic structure by varying the ligands and may help in a rational design of efficient photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth De Bruecker
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM)Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 469052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Research Group SynBioCDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000GhentBelgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Center for Ordered MaterialsOrganometallics and Catalysis (COMOC)Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 (S3)9000GentBelgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Research Group SynBioCDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000GhentBelgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM)Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 469052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | | |
Collapse
|