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Beñaldo FA, Araya-Quijada C, Ebensperger G, Herrera EA, Reyes RV, Moraga FA, Riquelme A, Gónzalez-Candia A, Castillo-Galán S, Valenzuela GJ, Serón-Ferré M, Llanos AJ. Cinaciguat (BAY-582667) Modifies Cardiopulmonary and Systemic Circulation in Chronically Hypoxic and Pulmonary Hypertensive Neonatal Lambs in the Alto Andino. Front Physiol 2022; 13:864010. [PMID: 35733986 PMCID: PMC9207417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.864010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal pulmonary hypertension (NPHT) is produced by sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and increased vascular remodeling. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) participates in signaling pathways that induce vascular vasodilation and reduce vascular remodeling. However, when sGC is oxidized and/or loses its heme group, it does not respond to nitric oxide (NO), losing its vasodilating effects. sGC protein expression and function is reduced in hypertensive neonatal lambs. Currently, NPHT is treated with NO inhalation therapy; however, new treatments are needed for improved outcomes. We used Cinaciguat (BAY-582667), which activates oxidized and/or without heme group sGC in pulmonary hypertensive lambs studied at 3,600 m. Our study included 6 Cinaciguat-treated (35 ug kg−1 day−1x 7 days) and 6 Control neonates. We measured acute and chronic basal cardiovascular variables in pulmonary and systemic circulation, cardiovascular variables during a superimposed episode of acute hypoxia, remodeling of pulmonary arteries and changes in the right ventricle weight, vasoactive functions in small pulmonary arteries, and expression of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway proteins involved in vasodilation. We observed a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance during the acute treatment. In contrast, the pulmonary pressure did not change in the chronic study due to increased cardiac output, resulting in lower pulmonary vascular resistance in the last 2 days of chronic study. The latter may have had a role in decreasing right ventricular hypertrophy, although the direct effect of Cinaciguat on the heart should also be considered. During acute hypoxia, the pulmonary vascular resistance remained low compared to the Control lambs. We observed a higher lung artery density, accompanied by reduced smooth muscle and adventitia layers in the pulmonary arteries. Additionally, vasodilator function was increased, and vasoconstrictor function was decreased, with modifications in the expression of proteins linked to pulmonary vasodilation, consistent with low pulmonary vascular resistance. In summary, Cinaciguat, an activator of sGC, induces cardiopulmonary modifications in chronically hypoxic and pulmonary hypertensive newborn lambs. Therefore, Cinaciguat is a potential therapeutic tool for reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling and/or right ventricular hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A. Beñaldo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Araya-Quijada
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto V. Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando A. Moraga
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Alexander Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sebastián Castillo-Galán
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Research and Innovation Center Biomedical (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo J. Valenzuela
- Department of Women’s Health, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - María Serón-Ferré
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal J. Llanos
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Aníbal J. Llanos,
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Castillo-Galán S, Parrau D, Hernández I, Quezada S, Díaz M, Ebensperger G, Herrera EA, Moraga FA, Iturriaga R, Llanos AJ, Reyes RV. The Action of 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl Borinate on the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Remodeling of High-Altitude Hypoxemic Lambs. Front Physiol 2022; 12:765281. [PMID: 35082688 PMCID: PMC8784838 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.765281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is key for the contraction, differentiation, and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, calcium influx through store-operated channels (SOCs) is particularly important in the vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia. Previously, we found a decrease in pulmonary hypertension and remodeling in normoxic newborn lambs partially gestated under chronic hypoxia, when treated with 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB), a non-specific SOC blocker. However, the effects of 2-APB are unknown in neonates completely gestated, born, and raised under environmental hypoxia. Accordingly, we studied the effects of 2-APB-treatment on the cardiopulmonary variables in lambs under chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Experiments were done in nine newborn lambs gestated, born, and raised in high altitude (3,600 m): five animals were treated with 2-APB [intravenous (i.v.) 10 mg kg–1] for 10 days, while other four animals received vehicle. During the treatment, cardiopulmonary variables were measured daily, and these were also evaluated during an acute episode of superimposed hypoxia, 1 day after the end of the treatment. Furthermore, pulmonary vascular remodeling was assessed by histological analysis 2 days after the end of the treatment. Basal cardiac output and mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and resistance from 2-APB- and vehicle-treated lambs did not differ along with the treatment. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) decreased after the first day of 2-APB treatment and remained lower than the vehicle-treated group until the third day, and during the fifth, sixth, and ninth day of treatment. The net mPAP increase in response to acute hypoxia did not change, but the pressure area under the curve (AUC) during hypoxia was slightly lower in 2-APB-treated lambs than in vehicle-treated lambs. Moreover, the 2-APB treatment decreased the pulmonary arterial wall thickness and the α-actin immunoreactivity and increased the luminal area with no changes in the vascular density. Our findings show that 2-APB treatment partially reduced the contractile hypoxic response and reverted the pulmonary vascular remodeling, but this is not enough to normalize the pulmonary hemodynamics in chronically hypoxic newborn lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Castillo-Galán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Parrau
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Hernández
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Quezada
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcela Díaz
- Departamento de Promoción de la Salud de la Mujer y el Recién Nacido, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando A Moraga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Hipoxia y Función Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto V Reyes
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Gonzaléz-Candia A, Arias PV, Aguilar SA, Figueroa EG, Reyes RV, Ebensperger G, Llanos AJ, Herrera EA. Melatonin Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Right Ventricle of Newborn Sheep Gestated under Chronic Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111658. [PMID: 34829529 PMCID: PMC8614843 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension of newborns (PAHN) constitutes a critical condition involving both severe cardiac remodeling and right ventricle dysfunction. One main cause of this condition is perinatal hypoxia and oxidative stress. Thus, it is a public health concern for populations living above 2500 m and in cases of intrauterine chronic hypoxia in lowlands. Still, pulmonary and cardiac impairments in PAHN lack effective treatments. Previously we have shown the beneficial effects of neonatal melatonin treatment on pulmonary circulation. However, the cardiac effects of this treatment are unknown. In this study, we assessed whether melatonin improves cardiac function and modulates right ventricle (RV) oxidative stress. Ten lambs were gestated, born, and raised at 3600 m. Lambs were divided in two groups. One received daily vehicle as control, and another received daily melatonin (1 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 21 days. Daily cardiovascular measurements were recorded and, at 29 days old, cardiac tissue was collected. Melatonin decreased pulmonary arterial pressure at the end of the experimental period. In addition, melatonin enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) expression, while increasing CAT activity in RV. This was associated with a decrease in superoxide anion generation at the mitochondria and NADPH oxidases in RV. Finally, these effects were associated with a marked decrease of oxidative stress markers in RV. These findings support the cardioprotective effects of an oral administration of melatonin in newborns that suffer from developmental chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzaléz-Candia
- Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.V.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.G.F.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of O’Higgins, Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 611, Rancagua 2820000, Chile
| | - Pamela V. Arias
- Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.V.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.G.F.)
| | - Simón A. Aguilar
- Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.V.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.G.F.)
| | - Esteban G. Figueroa
- Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.V.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.G.F.)
| | - Roberto V. Reyes
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (R.V.R.); (G.E.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (R.V.R.); (G.E.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Aníbal J. Llanos
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (R.V.R.); (G.E.); (A.J.L.)
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Baquedano s/n, Putre 1070000, Chile
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago 7500922, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.V.A.); (S.A.A.); (E.G.F.)
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Baquedano s/n, Putre 1070000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2977-0543
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Rivera E, Canales C, Pacheco M, García-Herrera C, Macías D, Celentano DJ, Herrera EA. Biomechanical characterization of the passive response of the thoracic aorta in chronic hypoxic newborn lambs using an evolutionary strategy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13875. [PMID: 34230509 PMCID: PMC8260639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study involves experiments and modelling aimed at characterizing the passive structural mechanical behavior of the chronic hypoxic lamb thoracic aorta, whose gestation, birth and postnatal period were carried at high altitude (3600 masl). To this end, the mechanical response was studied via tensile and pressurization tests. The tensile and pressurization tests measurements were used simultaneously to calibrate the material parameters of the Gasser-Holzapfel-Ogden (GHO) hyperelasctic anisotropic constitutive model through an analytical-numerical optimization procedure solved with an evolutionary strategy that guarantees a stable response of the model. The model and procedure of calibration adequately adjust to the material behavior in a wide deformation range with an appropriate physical description. The results of this study predict the mechanical response of the lamb thoracic aorta under generalized loading states like those that can occur in physiological conditions and/or in systemic arterial hypertension. Finally, the novel use of the evolutionary strategy, together with the set of experiments and tools used in this study, provide a robust alternative to validate biomechanical characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Rivera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Claudio Canales
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Matías Pacheco
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Demetrio Macías
- ICD, P2MN, L2n, Université de Technologie de Troyes, ERL 7004, CNRS, Troyes, France
| | - Diego J Celentano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Navarrete A, Chen Z, Aranda P, Poblete D, Utrera A, García-Herrera CM, Gonzalez-Candia A, Beñaldo FA, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Herrera EA, Llanos AJ. Study of the Effect of Treatment With Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Cinaciguat in Chronic Hypoxic Neonatal Lambs on Residual Strain and Microstructure of the Arteries. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:590488. [PMID: 33244466 PMCID: PMC7683788 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.590488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Cinaciguat, as experimental medicines to treat neonatal lambs exposed to chronic hypoxic conditions. To compare the different treatments, the mechanical responses of aorta, carotid, and femoral arterial walls were analyzed by means of axial pre-stretch and ring-opening tests, through a study with n = 6 animals for each group analyzed. The axial pre-stretch test measures the level of shortening in different zones of the arteries when extracted from lambs, while the ring-opening test is used to quantify the degree of residual circumferential deformation in a given zone of an artery. In addition, histological studies were carried out to measure elastin, collagen, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) nuclei densities, both in control and treated groups. The results show that mechanical response is related with histological results, specifically in the proximal abdominal aorta (PAA) and distal carotid zones (DCA), where the cell nuclei content is related to a decrease of residual deformations. The opening angle and the elastic fibers of the aorta artery were statistically correlated (p < 0.05). Specifically, in PAA zone, there are significant differences of opening angle and cell nuclei density values between control and treated groups (p-values to opening angle: Control-ANP = 2 ⋅ 10-2, Control-Cinaciguat = 1 ⋅ 10-2; p-values to cell nuclei density: Control-ANP = 5 ⋅ 10-4, Control-Cinaciguat = 2 ⋅ 10-2). Respect to distal carotid zone (DCA), significant differences between Control and Cinaciguat groups were observed to opening angle (p-value = 4 ⋅ 10-2), and cell nuclei density (p-value = 1 ⋅ 10-2). Our findings add evidence that medical treatments may have effects on the mechanical responses of arterial walls and should be taken into account when evaluating the complete medical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Navarrete
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zhuoming Chen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Aranda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Poblete
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Utrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Candia
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Pathophysiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Beñaldo
- Pathophysiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - German Ebensperger
- Pathophysiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto V. Reyes
- Pathophysiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- Pathophysiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal J. Llanos
- Pathophysiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sheak JR, Yan S, Weise-Cross L, Ahmadian R, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. PKCβ and reactive oxygen species mediate enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity following chronic hypoxia in neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H470-H483. [PMID: 31922892 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00629.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive vasoconstriction are important contributors to chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced neonatal pulmonary hypertension. On the basis of evidence that PKCβ and mitochondrial oxidative stress are involved in several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that PKCβ and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) signaling contribute to enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction in neonatal rats exposed to CH. To test this hypothesis, we examined effects of the PKCβ inhibitor LY-333,531, the ROS scavenger 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (TEMPOL), and the mitochondrial antioxidants mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) and (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) on vasoconstrictor responses in saline-perfused lungs (in situ) or pressurized pulmonary arteries from 2-wk-old control and CH (12-day exposure, 0.5 atm) rats. Lungs from CH rats exhibited greater basal tone and vasoconstrictor sensitivity to 9,11-dideoxy-9α,11α-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2α (U-46619). LY-333,531 and TEMPOL attenuated these effects of CH, while having no effect in lungs from control animals. Basal tone was similarly elevated in isolated pulmonary arteries from neonatal CH rats compared with control rats, which was inhibited by both LY-333,531 and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Additional experiments assessing mitoROS generation with the mitochondria-targeted ROS indicator MitoSOX revealed that a PKCβ-mitochondrial oxidant signaling pathway can be pharmacologically stimulated by the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from control neonates. Finally, we found that neonatal CH increased mitochondrially localized PKCβ in pulmonary arteries as assessed by Western blotting of subcellular fractions. We conclude that PKCβ activation leads to mitoROS production in PASMCs from neonatal rats. Furthermore, this signaling axis may account for enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor sensitivity following CH exposure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research demonstrates a novel contribution of PKCβ and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species signaling to increased pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity in chronically hypoxic neonates. The results provide a potential mechanism by which chronic hypoxia increases both basal and agonist-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle tone, which may contribute to neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rosstin Ahmadian
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Reyes RV, Díaz M, Ebensperger G, Herrera EA, Quezada SA, Hernandez I, Sanhueza EM, Parer JT, Giussani DA, Llanos AJ. The role of nitric oxide in the cardiopulmonary response to hypoxia in highland and lowland newborn llamas. J Physiol 2018; 596:5907-5923. [PMID: 29369354 PMCID: PMC6265547 DOI: 10.1113/jp274340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Perinatal hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension in neonates, including humans. However, in species adapted to hypoxia, such as the llama, there is protection against pulmonary hypertension. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilatator with an established role in the cardiopulmonary system of many species, but its function in the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response in the newborn llama is unknown. Therefore, we studied the role of NO in the cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia in high- and lowland newborn llamas. We show that high- compared to lowland newborn llamas have a reduced pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to acute hypoxia. Protection against excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction in the highland llama is mediated via enhancement of NO pathways, including increased MYPT1 and reduced ROCK expression as well as Ca2+ desensitization. Blunting of pulmonary hypertensive responses to hypoxia through enhanced NO pathways may be an adaptive mechanism to withstand life at high altitude in the newborn llama. ABSTRACT Llamas are born in the Alto Andino with protection against pulmonary hypertension. The physiology underlying protection against pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to acute hypoxia in highland species is unknown. We determined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia in high- and lowland newborn llamas. The cardiopulmonary function of newborn llamas born at low (580 m) or high altitude (3600 m) was studied under acute hypoxia, with and without NO blockade. In pulmonary arteries, we measured the reactivity to potassium and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and in lung we determined the content of cGMP and the expression of the NO-related proteins: BKCa, PDE5, PSer92-PDE5, PKG-1, ROCK1 and 2, MYPT1, PSer695-MYPT1, PThr696-MYPT1, MLC20 and PSer19-MLC20. Pulmonary vascular remodelling was evaluated by morphometry and based on α-actin expression. High- compared to lowland newborn llamas showed lower in vivo pulmonary arterial pressor responses to acute hypoxia. This protection involved enhanced NO function, as NO blockade reverted the effect and the pulmonary arterial dilatator response to SNP was significantly enhanced in highland neonates. The pulmonary expression of ROCK2 and the phosphorylation of MLC20 were lower in high-altitude llamas. Conversely, MYPT1 was up-regulated whilst PSer695-MYPT1 and PThr695-MYPT1 did not change. Enhanced NO-dependent mechanisms were insufficient to prevent pulmonary arterial remodelling. Combined, the data strongly support that in the highland newborn llama reduced ROCK, increased MYPT1 expression and Ca2+ desensitization in pulmonary tissue allow an enhanced NO biology to limit hypoxic pulmonary constrictor responses. Blunting of hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive responses may be an adaptive mechanism to life at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto V. Reyes
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de la Hipoxia, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Marcela Díaz
- Departamento de Promoción de la Salud de la Mujer y el Recién Nacido, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Stress y Adaptación Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Stress y Adaptación Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Sebastián A. Quezada
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de la Hipoxia, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Ismael Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de la Hipoxia, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Emilia M. Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Julian T. Parer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Aníbal J. Llanos
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
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8
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Reyes RV, Castillo-Galán S, Hernandez I, Herrera EA, Ebensperger G, Llanos AJ. Revisiting the Role of TRP, Orai, and ASIC Channels in the Pulmonary Arterial Response to Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:486. [PMID: 29867539 PMCID: PMC5949889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary arteries are exquisitely responsive to oxygen changes. They rapidly and proportionally contract as arterial PO2 decrease, and they relax as arterial PO2 is re-established. The hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is intrinsic since it does not require neural or endocrine factors, as evidenced in isolated vessels. On the other hand, pulmonary arteries also respond to sustained hypoxia with structural and functional remodeling, involving growth of smooth muscle medial layer and later recruitment of adventitial fibroblasts, secreted mitogens from endothelium and changes in the response to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli. Hypoxic pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and remodeling are relevant biological responses both under physiological and pathological conditions, to explain matching between ventilation and perfusion, fetal to neonatal transition of pulmonary circulation and pulmonary artery over-constriction and thickening in pulmonary hypertension. Store operated channels (SOC) and receptor operated channels (ROC) are plasma membrane cationic channels that mediate calcium influx in response to depletion of internal calcium stores or receptor activation, respectively. They are involved in both HPV and pathological remodeling since their pharmacological blockade or genetic suppression of several of the Stim, Orai, TRP, or ASIC proteins in SOC or ROC complexes attenuate the calcium increase, the tension development, the pulmonary artery smooth muscle proliferation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this Mini Review, we discussed the evidence obtained in in vivo animal models, at the level of isolated organ or cells of pulmonary arteries, and we identified and discussed the questions for future research needed to validate these signaling complexes as targets against pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto V Reyes
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Castillo-Galán
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Hernandez
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Perinatal, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Gao Y, Cornfield DN, Stenmark KR, Thébaud B, Abman SH, Raj JU. Unique aspects of the developing lung circulation: structural development and regulation of vasomotor tone. Pulm Circ 2017; 6:407-425. [PMID: 27942377 DOI: 10.1086/688890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes our current knowledge on lung vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during normal lung development and the regulation of fetal and postnatal pulmonary vascular tone. In comparison to that of the adult, the pulmonary circulation of the fetus and newborn displays many unique characteristics. Moreover, altered development of pulmonary vasculature plays a more prominent role in compromised pulmonary vasoreactivity than in the adult. Clinically, a better understanding of the developmental changes in pulmonary vasculature and vasomotor tone and the mechanisms that are disrupted in disease states can lead to the development of new therapies for lung diseases characterized by impaired alveolar structure and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangsheng Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David N Cornfield
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven H Abman
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Fediuk J, Dakshinamurti S. A role for actin polymerization in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:185-94. [PMID: 25695400 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is defined as the failure of normal pulmonary vascular relaxation at birth. Hypoxia is known to impede postnatal disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton in pulmonary arterial myocytes, resulting in elevation of smooth muscle α-actin and γ-actin content in elastic and resistance pulmonary arteries in PPHN compared with age-matched controls. This review examines the original histological characterization of PPHN with attention to cytoskeletal structural remodeling and actin isoform abundance, reviews the existing evidence for understanding the biophysical and biochemical forces at play during neonatal circulatory transition, and specifically addresses the role of the cortical actin architecture, primarily identified as γ-actin, in the transduction of mechanical force in the hypoxic PPHN pulmonary circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Fediuk
- Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada., Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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